Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 29, 1931)
OF INTEREST TO FARMERS WINTER DAIRY FEEDING) Tue successful winter feeder of dairy catle is the man who can most nearly approximate spn.gum ccnditions during the cold months of the year. When the cows are at pasture they have an abundance of succulent and palatable feed. In the winter they do not have an opportunity to get this excep. through the intelligence and abil ity of the herdman who is caring fur them Hay, silage and grain are the main standbys for \unto. feeding. These in the main furnish all the requirements for mainten ance and miik production. In gen eral the maintenance requirements will be taken care of by the hay and ensilage and the grain win furnish the nutrients where with to produce milk. The percentagi of protein in the grain should bo governed by the quality of hay that i* to be fed. If the hay is alfalfa csr clover, a ration containing 16 per cent protein will give decided ly good results, but if the hay con tains a considerable percentage of the nonleguminous crops, the per centage of protein should be stepped up to even as high as 24 per cent where the hay is all timo thy. The quantity of grain to be fed should be in direct ratio to the quantity of nvllk produced. In the case oi the lower-fat-produc ing cow this would mean about one pound of grain to four pounds of milk. With the high-fat-producing animal this ratio may be even as narrow as one pound of grain to two and a half pounds of milk. While hay, silage and grain will take care of the absolute require ments of the dairy cow, still better results may be secured if some ad ditional succulence besides silage is furnished. The root crops such w mangels and beets are highly desirable for this purpose and their value will be found to be far great er than the analysis of the roots shows. However these root crops are not always available in which case beet pulp soaked for 24 hours before feeding will pro duce very much the same desirable effects as the root crops them selves. The quantity of beet pulp to be fed should run anywhere from four to six pounds to the cow. This will absorb a great deal of water and furnish an abundance of suc culence. In buying beet pulp it is well to take small samples of var ious brands, place them in half pint bottles and allow them to soak In water for 24 hours. At the end of this time select that brand of beet pulp which has ab sorbed the most water and has a clear, bright look and a sweet smell. -* * BEST SEED 10 GROW In 1930 the United States grew D2t),25i/ acres of tomatoes with a farm value of approximately $52, 978,000. These tomato values do not include those which were grown in the farm or back-yard garden, the value of which is surprisingly large. One of the most important factors influencing the yeild of both mar ket and can-house tomatoes is the selection and use of good seed. The grower surely realizes this fact, be cause I have seen hundreds of acres of tomatoes in Florida which were small and not true to type, and naturally the grower had to take the loss. This same thing is true in practically all tomato-growing areas, and the sooner the individ ual grower wakes up to the fact that by home selecting and saving his own seed, the quicker these un foreseen failures will change into success. Make a personal inspec tion of the entire field and stake with prominent stakes those plants which come up to the ideals for which you are selecting. One must bear in mind that the plant as a whole must be considered and not just the individual fruits on that plant. After the plants have been staked a handful of fertilizer spread around the staked plants will tend to give vitality to them which will be observed in the resulting seed. A plant should be free from disease and must show vigorous growth and good leaf color. A heavy set of uni form fruit is an essential charac teristic. They should be deep be tween stem and blossom end and ripen evenly throughout. Allow the fruit to ripen on the plant before picking. After the fruit is picked either cut the fruit in half and squeeze out the seed or place in a wooden or earthen vessel—never in metal containers—and mash them into a pulp, exposing the seed. Stir vigorously and waslh as soon as the mucilaginous material frets itsef? .from the seed. By add ing water the pulp may be floated off and the good seed will stay in the bottom of the vessel. Spread these seeds out on newspaper and sunlight. When the seed is dry, store either in a ventilated glass container, or cloth or paper bag, and keep in a dry place of even temperature. CONCRETE TRENCH SILO Many farmers and dairymen with snail dairy herds have been wish ing for some method of construct ing a permanent silo at low cost. This wish is realized, at last, in the form of a trench silo with concrete walls. This type of silo can be con structed without the use of forms, with a minimum of concrete and with the regular farm help. The silo pit is made with a team, piow and fresno. After the bulk of the dirt is taken out by the above meth od the walls are trued up with a spade. The side walls should have a slope of about one foot horizontal to four feet vertical. That is, a silo tight feet deep and 10 feet wide at the top should be about six feet wide at the bottom. This is the proper size for the average small dairy herd. Its capacity is a little Jess than a ton per foot length. The . silo may be made any desired LOSSES IN THE SILO During the normal process of sil age formation certain changes take place with a resulting loss of nutri ents. In the past it was believed by many that .these losses were very large, but recent work has shown that the losses are relatively small. There are two kinds of losses in the silo, the unavoidable losses nec essary for the formation of silage, and the avoidable losses which are due to the decomposition of the nutrients caused bv the imperfect construction of the silo, surface spoilage and losses of soluble nu trients from the bottom of the silo. It has been found in a careful study of 54 silos that the unavoidable loss length. Two layers of heavy hog wire should be put on the side walls, one layer placed up and down the other horizontally. The pieces of wire should just lap and be tied together at intervals with balloon wiie so they will lie smooth ly against the wall. It may be nec essary in some places to drive pegs into the walls and fasten the wire to them to hold it within an inch or so of the wall. The concrete is put on the walls without the use of any forms. One man holds a plas terer’s trowel against the wall at. an angle while another man places the concrete above the trowel with a shovel. As the concrete is pressed and tamped with the trowel the wire should be pulled from the wall a little If necessary, so that it will be completely imbedded in the con crete. The concrete should be put cn three to four inches thick. It Is best to put it on in layers about a foot in height. That is. start at one end and build the wall about a foot high. By the time the other end is reached the concrete has solidified sufficiently to start another layer. The concrete should be mixed to a iellylike consistency. A sloppy mix ture will not stay on the wall and ; yet the concrete should be plastic enough to stick to the wire. The concrete should be made of one part cement, three parts sand and three parts of crushed rock or grav el. However, if sand is the only available material at low cost the concrete may be made of one part of cement to four parts of sand. It is best to put this first three-inch layer of concrete on without trying to make a smooth-finished surface. Within an hour or so. as soon as the concrete has solidified, a coat of one part cement and three parts of sand should be put on as a plaster to make the surface smooth. Within an hour or so after the plaster coat has been applied, finish with a coat of cement and water mixed to ! about the consistency of paint. Ap ply this with a whisk broom. This I coat put cn with the brush fills the pores and smooths the uneven sur face. The walls should be sprinkled with water several times a day for a few days to insure a good job of curing. If the subsoil has good drainage a concrete floor is not necessary. It. however, may be put In later if desired. The silo may be built in a bank completely under ground or it may be made partly under ground and partly above ground. It is well to bank the dirt at least a foot high to insure sur face water draining away from the silo. This should be done before ) starting to concrete the silo so that no forms will be needed. One end i of the silo may be concreted the same as me siues, kshmh me earn er end with a long, gradual slope, so that a wagon or cart may be backed into the silo to take silage out. or both ends may be given a gradual slope. It Is adviseable that the ground on which the silo ls built be sloping, so that it can be drained from the bottom in case the subsoil is of a tight nature that holds water. If a concrete floor is desired it should be made four or five inches thick. An expansion joint should be put the full length down the middle and also expansion joints should be put across the ends where the floor unites with tne sloping ends. Unless the sides are longer than 80 or 90 feet no expan sion joints are necessary, because they are free at both ends. Tt is well to concrete the surface of the ground at the top of the wall to keep water from running behind It. The trench silo is not new, but this method of concreting it is new. This new method has brought the cost down to where the average farmer can afford to build a silo. One sack of cement and 400 pounds of sand will build one foot length of the walls. Thirty-two square feet ong of hog wire is needed for each foot length of silo. Bulletins on the use of the trench silo may be ob I tained from many of the state agri cultural colleges. _ APFEE CANKER REMEDY Cankers in apple trees are a con stant and dangerous source of dis ease. The cankers may persist from year to year and in time cause the death of branches and trees. More over, if cankers remain in the orchard, diseases are likely to i spread rapidly and the life and profitableness of the trees may be markedly reduced. In controlling canker the orchardist should cut and burn all affected twigs and branchei which can be spared. In so doing the grower may be able to rid the orchard of the source of the disease. Make cuts lrom six to eight inches below the cankered area, if possible, in order to be sure of eliminating all the infected parts. All wounds should be disinfected, and if over one inch in diameter painted with white lead or liquid asphalt to prevent drying out. Cop per sulphate, one pound to 10 gal lons of water, or corrosive subli i mate, two ounces to 15 gallons of I water, are good disinfectants. Where I the branch is too valuable to cut. or in ca.se me canxer spur is iwunu on the main trunk, the diseased tis sues should be removed about four I to six inches above and hglow and from two to four inches oirnhe side. A thorough dormant spray, using a strong fungicide like limc-sul ! phur or Bordeaux, is valuable if j apphed just as growth is starting, or slightly before to coat over in fected areas and to cover parts ! through which entrance of some of the cankers might be gained. SOY BEANS AS SUPPLEMENT. Since most corn belt grains are short of protein and soybeans at tain more of it than any other crop commonly grown in this area, the soybean has) unusual possibilities as a home-grown supplement to other grains used for livestock feed I ing. -♦ ♦ A strawberry plant wiits; then look for a white grub at its base. of nutrients during the formation of silage amounted to 7.59 per cent of the dry matter. Compared to these losses in the silo it was found | that during the field curing of corn, covering four different seas ons, the average loss of dry matter was 15.12 per cent. In other words, the loss of dry matter in the ileld curing of corn is shown to be ap proximately twice as great a..; the unavoidable loss of nutrients in the silo. --- DON’T FORGET MASII Keep mash before the laying hens all summer. It will mean more I eggs this summer and more nexl I fall when urice« are highest. Girl at the Top in Health Tests Millions of ’ oys and girls all over the world, thousands of them right here In the West, are being restored to health and strength by the purely vegetable ton ic and laxative known as California I'lg Syrup and endorsed by physicians for over 50 years. Children need no urgtng to take It. They love Its rich, fruity flavor. Nothing can compete with it as a gen tle, but certain laxative, and it goes further than this. It gives tone and strength to the stomach and bowels so these organs continue to act nor mally, of their own accord. It stimu lates the appetite, helps digestion. A Kansas mother, Mrs. Dana All gire, 610 Monroe St., Topeka, says: “Bonnie B. is absolutely the picture of health, now, with her ruddy cheeks, bright eyes and plump but graceful little body and she stands at the top In every health test. Much of the credit for her perfect condition is due to California Fig Syrup. We have used it since baby hood to keep her bowels active dur ing colds or any children’s ailments and she has always had an easy time with them. She always responds to Its gentle urging and is quickly back to normnl.” Ask your druggist for California Fig Syrup and look for the word "California" on the carton so you’ll always get the genuine. A New Wrinkle "So you didn’t sell that man a car?" inquired the boss peevishly. "How could I?” argued the star salesman. "He wanted a car with a door that slammed shut without making a lot of noise!" It’s all up with the artist who can't draw his breath, A man must get a thing before he :an forget It.—Holmes. FIRST HIGHWAY OF STEEL IN AMERICA Horse Railway in Massachu setts Pioneer. It is common historical knowledge that ttie llrst railroad in the United States was a horse railway In opera tion nt the Quincy Ornnlte works at Quincy, Mass., in 1820. During the next several years various measures were made to get railrondlng under way. A commission of the Massa chusetts legislature reported In 1828 on the possibility of constructing a railway from Boston to Now York and affirmed that “animal power is better adapted.” The record of the Massachusetts legislature In 1827 reveal that the project of a railroad from Boston to the Hudson river was held tip to ridicule by our solons on Beacon hill. The Idea of n railroad across Hie hills in Worcester and Berkshire was too extravagant to deserve any thing but to be laughed at. As late ns lS.'k'l a prominent man In Connec ticut thanked Ood he lived in a hilly country where is was Impossible to build railroads. Despite early opposition, however, railroading soon began In earnest. In 1S30 the subscription books of the Boston & Lowell railroad were opened and 370 shares of $50 par were subscribed for out of a totnl offering of 1,000 shares. The start ing of the Lowell rnllroad caused a heavy slump In Middlesex cnnal stock. Close behind the Lowell railroad came the roads to Worcester and Providence. The first locomotive set in motion in Boston was on the Bos ton & Worcester tracks In late March, 1834. Hniis were laid out ns far as Newton and the company delayed opening for trnffic this completed sec tion of the road only because It was compelled to nwalt the arrival of the engine driver imported from England to take charge of the English built locomotive. In June, 1835, the rnll road was completed to Worcester. 60 HctTS of BABIES have been helped to sturdy childhood on Score's Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil. It gives them Vitamin A for growth, and its wealth of Vitamin D and calcium salts are invaluable i for correct bone development. Doctors recommend Scott's Emulsion for infant*, growing children, expectant mothers and invalids. Fine for adults too. Its pleasant flavor makes \ it easy to take regularly. Scott A Bowne, Bloomfield, N. J. Sales Representatives, H. F. Ritchie & Co., Inc., New York. LlSTKN to Seotft Fmv'fion'o " Romnneee of the Sea" every Sunday and Tuesday al 8 SO p. n. over the Columbia Matte Aetwark The formal opening took place on Saturday, July 1, 1835. The rail roads to Providence and Lowell had been opened a few days before the Worcester road, the former on the 11th and the latter on the 27th day of June, 1835. The Itoston & Worcester was com pleted through to Albany In 1841 and the event was celebrated on Decem ber 27 of that year by the entire Itoston city government going In n body to Albany to celebrate. They had their Junkets in those days. The Fitchburg road was opened to Its western terminus during 1845. It was In the same year that tho Old Colony railroad opt ned through to Plymouth. The Coward I Lawyer I think I can get you a divorce, madam, for cruel and Inhu man treatment. Do you think your husband will fight the suit? Woman—Fight! Why, the little shrimp is nfraid to come into any room where I am!—Pathfinder. Some may indulge in all the free speech they please because nobody cures. A word to the wicked Is sufficient —if you call him a liar. Indian Relic* Tell Story A small group of Indian relics re cently found near Center City, Wls., was believed to tell the story of an early hunting episode. William George Nelson, farmer, was gathering mr pie sirup sap when he came upon the relics—a half dozen arrowheads, an Indian stone knife, two hdr teeth and a huge bear claw. Reconstruct ing the scene, Nelson was able to picture a fight between a group of Indians and a huge boar. Police Shoot at Movie* Police of Berlin are being taught to shoot at running objects by pic tures thrown on the screen by a mo tion picture projector. The scenes show humans and animals racing ucross a small screen, and to hit them requires skill. The sharp shooters nre required to make good scores nt this practice work before they can Join the regular squad. Poor Time to Spring It Nurse—Have you told Mr. White lie’s the father of twins? Maid—No; lie’s shaving. Because there are ugly things In this world, Is no reason why we want to hear about them In every chapter. Novelists, take notice. There’s No Denying These Facts. Only Firestone Tires give y^ou the extra strength and safety of these patented construc tion features! Gum-Dipping penetrates every cord and coats every fiber with liquid rubber. This mini mizes internal friction and heat, the greatest enemies of tire life. Two Extra Cord Plies Under the Tread give stronger bond between tread and cord body and greater protection against punctures and blowouts. Because distributors of special brand mail order tires cannot meet Firestone extra values, they attempt to confuse car owners with bold srra tmni .WWaaWBWf/ c o'mpar e QUALITY and CONSTRUCTION 4.7519 TIRE _ Oldf;.ld T,p. 0f„w T„. Mora Weight, pounds .] IS.00 17.00 Mara 1 hie AflTSH, inches .658 .603 Mare Non-Skid Depth, _ iriche. . .... .2*1 .250 More Plies Under Tread 6 5 Sane W idlh, inch.. . 5*2® 5.20 Sane Price.$6.65 >6-65_ "compare prices \fir*t1«nt |Tir«*toa« .,7| Oi J'i.Id Typ. OldWd 1yp« | * Oh Pit. Old*. Tii. c«h Put. _t.cH rmt t,cl1 hi P.ii ’ ,4.40-21_$4.98 >1.90 f $9.60 1.50-21_ 5.69 5.69 11.10 1.75-19_6.65 6.63 12.9© 5.25-21_ 8.57 0.57 16.70 6.00-19 (» idle. _ . 1 ,c | under thet trend J ^ ^ 22>20 ITRUCK AMD BUS TYPE :*52,.ii,!£5 is-is 15.25 19-9. fe-.i.'.'.VSS ‘7.95 I7.*s 54.90 - ~ - COMPARE QUALITY and CONSTRUCTION 450 X1 TIRE Santinal Typa More Weight, iwumli , 17*©^ 16.10 More Thickness, inch™ .598 .561 Mere Non-Skid Depth, iiiche* « .25© .231 More Plies Under Tread 0 3 Same Width, Incbea . . 4.75 4.73 Same Price . . .... $4*85 $1 85 COM PAR EPRIC ES Tir«*ton« especial Tir**ton« Sentinel M,„ Sentmel * Order Tire , T»»V Ceen Price Price tech C""P,lc0 farh Hat Pair 4.40-21-54.35 $4.33 $8.50 1.50-21-r|.85 4.83 9.40 1.75-19_5.08 5.68 11.14 1.73-20 - 5.7 5 5.75 11.20 3.00-19*- 5.99 5.99 11.00 5.25-21-7.37 7.37 14*52 _ ___ _ cluims and misleading state ments. But remember—there’s no denying the FACTS of Firestone extra values. Check them for yourself— today. Go to the Firestone Service Store or Service Dealer in your community. Compare sections cut from Firestone Tires and special brand mail order tires and others. 1 ou be the judge! ftrtfNit I BATTERIES Give ex Ira power and longer life at lowest prices. Made and guar anteed by Firestone. Trade in your old battery and be sure your car will start quickly even ! in coldest weather, i' -r-~ri '--j r~ ★ A “Special Brand” tire i» made I by u manufacturer for distributors such ms mail order houses, oil companies and Olliers, under a name that does not identify the tire manufacturer, to the public, usually because he builds hi* “best quality” tires under his own name. Firestone puts his name on EVERY tire he makes. Doubts Guarantee—Every tire manufactured hv Firestone bears the name “FIRESTONE” and carries Firestone’s unlimited guarantee ancTthat of our 25.000 Senire Dealers and Service Stores. Sou are doubly protected. f[f liiten to the Voice of Firestone • Every Monday fright Over N.B.C. _ Nationwide Network. Firestone Service Stores and Service Dealers Save You Money and Serve Yeu Better