OF INTEREST TO FARMERS
WINTER DAIRY FEEDING)
Tue successful winter feeder of
dairy catle is the man who can
most nearly approximate spn.gum
ccnditions during the cold months
of the year. When the cows are at
pasture they have an abundance
of succulent and palatable feed. In
the winter they do not have an
opportunity to get this excep.
through the intelligence and abil
ity of the herdman who is caring
fur them Hay, silage and grain
are the main standbys for \unto.
feeding. These in the main furnish
all the requirements for mainten
ance and miik production. In gen
eral the maintenance requirements
will be taken care of by the hay
and ensilage and the grain win
furnish the nutrients where with
to produce milk. The percentagi
of protein in the grain should bo
governed by the quality of hay that
i* to be fed. If the hay is alfalfa
csr clover, a ration containing 16
per cent protein will give decided
ly good results, but if the hay con
tains a considerable percentage of
the nonleguminous crops, the per
centage of protein should be
stepped up to even as high as 24
per cent where the hay is all timo
thy. The quantity of grain to be
fed should be in direct ratio to
the quantity of nvllk produced. In
the case oi the lower-fat-produc
ing cow this would mean about one
pound of grain to four pounds of
milk. With the high-fat-producing
animal this ratio may be even as
narrow as one pound of grain to
two and a half pounds of milk.
While hay, silage and grain will
take care of the absolute require
ments of the dairy cow, still better
results may be secured if some ad
ditional succulence besides silage
is furnished. The root crops such
w mangels and beets are highly
desirable for this purpose and their
value will be found to be far great
er than the analysis of the roots
shows. However these root crops
are not always available in which
case beet pulp soaked for 24
hours before feeding will pro
duce very much the same desirable
effects as the root crops them
selves. The quantity of beet pulp
to be fed should run anywhere from
four to six pounds to the cow. This
will absorb a great deal of water
and furnish an abundance of suc
culence. In buying beet pulp it is
well to take small samples of var
ious brands, place them in half
pint bottles and allow them to soak
In water for 24 hours. At
the end of this time select that
brand of beet pulp which has ab
sorbed the most water and has a
clear, bright look and a sweet smell.
-* *
BEST SEED 10 GROW
In 1930 the United States grew
D2t),25i/ acres of tomatoes with a
farm value of approximately $52,
978,000. These tomato values do not
include those which were grown in
the farm or back-yard garden, the
value of which is surprisingly large.
One of the most important factors
influencing the yeild of both mar
ket and can-house tomatoes is the
selection and use of good seed. The
grower surely realizes this fact, be
cause I have seen hundreds of acres
of tomatoes in Florida which were
small and not true to type, and
naturally the grower had to take
the loss. This same thing is true in
practically all tomato-growing
areas, and the sooner the individ
ual grower wakes up to the fact
that by home selecting and saving
his own seed, the quicker these un
foreseen failures will change into
success. Make a personal inspec
tion of the entire field and stake
with prominent stakes those plants
which come up to the ideals for
which you are selecting. One must
bear in mind that the plant as a
whole must be considered and not
just the individual fruits on that
plant. After the plants have been
staked a handful of fertilizer spread
around the staked plants will tend
to give vitality to them which will
be observed in the resulting seed.
A plant should be free from disease
and must show vigorous growth and
good leaf color. A heavy set of uni
form fruit is an essential charac
teristic. They should be deep be
tween stem and blossom end and
ripen evenly throughout. Allow the
fruit to ripen on the plant before
picking. After the fruit is picked
either cut the fruit in half and
squeeze out the seed or place in
a wooden or earthen vessel—never
in metal containers—and mash
them into a pulp, exposing the
seed. Stir vigorously and waslh as
soon as the mucilaginous material
frets itsef? .from the seed. By add
ing water the pulp may be floated
off and the good seed will stay in
the bottom of the vessel. Spread
these seeds out on newspaper and
sunlight. When the seed is dry,
store either in a ventilated glass
container, or cloth or paper bag,
and keep in a dry place of even
temperature.
CONCRETE TRENCH SILO
Many farmers and dairymen with
snail dairy herds have been wish
ing for some method of construct
ing a permanent silo at low cost.
This wish is realized, at last, in the
form of a trench silo with concrete
walls. This type of silo can be con
structed without the use of forms,
with a minimum of concrete and
with the regular farm help. The
silo pit is made with a team, piow
and fresno. After the bulk of the
dirt is taken out by the above meth
od the walls are trued up with a
spade. The side walls should have
a slope of about one foot horizontal
to four feet vertical. That is, a silo
tight feet deep and 10 feet wide at
the top should be about six feet
wide at the bottom. This is the
proper size for the average small
dairy herd. Its capacity is a little
Jess than a ton per foot length. The
. silo may be made any desired
LOSSES IN THE SILO
During the normal process of sil
age formation certain changes take
place with a resulting loss of nutri
ents. In the past it was believed by
many that .these losses were very
large, but recent work has shown
that the losses are relatively small.
There are two kinds of losses in
the silo, the unavoidable losses nec
essary for the formation of silage,
and the avoidable losses which are
due to the decomposition of the
nutrients caused bv the imperfect
construction of the silo, surface
spoilage and losses of soluble nu
trients from the bottom of the silo.
It has been found in a careful study
of 54 silos that the unavoidable loss
length. Two layers of heavy hog
wire should be put on the side
walls, one layer placed up and
down the other horizontally. The
pieces of wire should just lap and
be tied together at intervals with
balloon wiie so they will lie smooth
ly against the wall. It may be nec
essary in some places to drive pegs
into the walls and fasten the wire
to them to hold it within an inch
or so of the wall. The concrete is
put on the walls without the use of
any forms. One man holds a plas
terer’s trowel against the wall at.
an angle while another man places
the concrete above the trowel with
a shovel. As the concrete is pressed
and tamped with the trowel the
wire should be pulled from the wall
a little If necessary, so that it will
be completely imbedded in the con
crete. The concrete should be put
cn three to four inches thick. It Is
best to put it on in layers about a
foot in height. That is. start at one
end and build the wall about a foot
high. By the time the other end is
reached the concrete has solidified
sufficiently to start another layer.
The concrete should be mixed to a
iellylike consistency. A sloppy mix
ture will not stay on the wall and
; yet the concrete should be plastic
enough to stick to the wire. The
concrete should be made of one
part cement, three parts sand and
three parts of crushed rock or grav
el. However, if sand is the only
available material at low cost the
concrete may be made of one part
of cement to four parts of sand. It
is best to put this first three-inch
layer of concrete on without trying
to make a smooth-finished surface.
Within an hour or so. as soon as the
concrete has solidified, a coat of one
part cement and three parts of sand
should be put on as a plaster to
make the surface smooth. Within
an hour or so after the plaster coat
has been applied, finish with a coat
of cement and water mixed to
! about the consistency of paint. Ap
ply this with a whisk broom. This
I coat put cn with the brush fills the
pores and smooths the uneven sur
face. The walls should be sprinkled
with water several times a day for
a few days to insure a good job of
curing. If the subsoil has good
drainage a concrete floor is not
necessary. It. however, may be put
In later if desired. The silo may be
built in a bank completely under
ground or it may be made partly
under ground and partly above
ground. It is well to bank the dirt
at least a foot high to insure sur
face water draining away from the
silo. This should be done before
) starting to concrete the silo so that
no forms will be needed. One end
i of the silo may be concreted the
same as me siues, kshmh me earn
er end with a long, gradual slope,
so that a wagon or cart may be
backed into the silo to take silage
out. or both ends may be given a
gradual slope. It Is adviseable that
the ground on which the silo ls
built be sloping, so that it can be
drained from the bottom in case the
subsoil is of a tight nature that
holds water. If a concrete floor is
desired it should be made four or
five inches thick. An expansion
joint should be put the full length
down the middle and also expansion
joints should be put across the ends
where the floor unites with tne
sloping ends. Unless the sides are
longer than 80 or 90 feet no expan
sion joints are necessary, because
they are free at both ends. Tt is
well to concrete the surface of the
ground at the top of the wall to
keep water from running behind It.
The trench silo is not new, but this
method of concreting it is new.
This new method has brought the
cost down to where the average
farmer can afford to build a silo.
One sack of cement and 400 pounds
of sand will build one foot length
of the walls. Thirty-two square feet
ong of hog wire is needed for each
foot length of silo. Bulletins on the
use of the trench silo may be ob
I tained from many of the state agri
cultural colleges. _
APFEE CANKER REMEDY
Cankers in apple trees are a con
stant and dangerous source of dis
ease. The cankers may persist from
year to year and in time cause the
death of branches and trees. More
over, if cankers remain in the
orchard, diseases are likely to
i spread rapidly and the life and
profitableness of the trees may be
markedly reduced. In controlling
canker the orchardist should cut
and burn all affected twigs and
branchei which can be spared. In
so doing the grower may be able
to rid the orchard of the source of
the disease. Make cuts lrom six to
eight inches below the cankered
area, if possible, in order to be sure
of eliminating all the infected parts.
All wounds should be disinfected,
and if over one inch in diameter
painted with white lead or liquid
asphalt to prevent drying out. Cop
per sulphate, one pound to 10 gal
lons of water, or corrosive subli
i mate, two ounces to 15 gallons of
I water, are good disinfectants. Where
I the branch is too valuable to cut.
or in ca.se me canxer spur is iwunu
on the main trunk, the diseased tis
sues should be removed about four
I to six inches above and hglow and
from two to four inches oirnhe side.
A thorough dormant spray, using
a strong fungicide like limc-sul
! phur or Bordeaux, is valuable if
j apphed just as growth is starting,
or slightly before to coat over in
fected areas and to cover parts
! through which entrance of some of
the cankers might be gained.
SOY BEANS AS SUPPLEMENT.
Since most corn belt grains are
short of protein and soybeans at
tain more of it than any other crop
commonly grown in this area, the
soybean has) unusual possibilities
as a home-grown supplement to
other grains used for livestock feed
I ing.
-♦ ♦
A strawberry plant wiits; then
look for a white grub at its base.
of nutrients during the formation
of silage amounted to 7.59 per cent
of the dry matter. Compared to
these losses in the silo it was found
| that during the field curing of
corn, covering four different seas
ons, the average loss of dry matter
was 15.12 per cent. In other words,
the loss of dry matter in the ileld
curing of corn is shown to be ap
proximately twice as great a..; the
unavoidable loss of nutrients in the
silo.
---
DON’T FORGET MASII
Keep mash before the laying
hens all summer. It will mean more
I eggs this summer and more nexl
I fall when urice« are highest.
Girl at the Top
in Health Tests
Millions of ’ oys
and girls all over the
world, thousands of
them right here In
the West, are being
restored to health
and strength by the
purely vegetable ton
ic and laxative
known as California I'lg Syrup and
endorsed by physicians for over 50
years.
Children need no urgtng to take It.
They love Its rich, fruity flavor.
Nothing can compete with it as a gen
tle, but certain laxative, and it goes
further than this. It gives tone and
strength to the stomach and bowels
so these organs continue to act nor
mally, of their own accord. It stimu
lates the appetite, helps digestion.
A Kansas mother, Mrs. Dana All
gire, 610 Monroe St., Topeka, says:
“Bonnie B. is absolutely the picture
of health, now, with her ruddy cheeks,
bright eyes and plump but graceful
little body and she stands at the top
In every health test.
Much of the credit for her perfect
condition is due to California Fig
Syrup. We have used it since baby
hood to keep her bowels active dur
ing colds or any children’s ailments
and she has always had an easy time
with them. She always responds to
Its gentle urging and is quickly back
to normnl.”
Ask your druggist for California
Fig Syrup and look for the word
"California" on the carton so you’ll
always get the genuine.
A New Wrinkle
"So you didn’t sell that man a
car?" inquired the boss peevishly.
"How could I?” argued the star
salesman. "He wanted a car with a
door that slammed shut without
making a lot of noise!"
It’s all up with the artist who
can't draw his breath,
A man must get a thing before he
:an forget It.—Holmes.
FIRST HIGHWAY OF
STEEL IN AMERICA
Horse Railway in Massachu
setts Pioneer.
It is common historical knowledge
that ttie llrst railroad in the United
States was a horse railway In opera
tion nt the Quincy Ornnlte works at
Quincy, Mass., in 1820. During the
next several years various measures
were made to get railrondlng under
way. A commission of the Massa
chusetts legislature reported In 1828
on the possibility of constructing a
railway from Boston to Now York
and affirmed that “animal power is
better adapted.”
The record of the Massachusetts
legislature In 1827 reveal that the
project of a railroad from Boston
to the Hudson river was held tip to
ridicule by our solons on Beacon
hill. The Idea of n railroad across
Hie hills in Worcester and Berkshire
was too extravagant to deserve any
thing but to be laughed at. As late
ns lS.'k'l a prominent man In Connec
ticut thanked Ood he lived in a hilly
country where is was Impossible to
build railroads.
Despite early opposition, however,
railroading soon began In earnest.
In 1S30 the subscription books of
the Boston & Lowell railroad were
opened and 370 shares of $50 par
were subscribed for out of a totnl
offering of 1,000 shares. The start
ing of the Lowell rnllroad caused
a heavy slump In Middlesex cnnal
stock.
Close behind the Lowell railroad
came the roads to Worcester and
Providence. The first locomotive set
in motion in Boston was on the Bos
ton & Worcester tracks In late March,
1834. Hniis were laid out ns far as
Newton and the company delayed
opening for trnffic this completed sec
tion of the road only because It was
compelled to nwalt the arrival of the
engine driver imported from England
to take charge of the English built
locomotive. In June, 1835, the rnll
road was completed to Worcester.
60 HctTS of BABIES
have been helped to sturdy childhood on Score's Emulsion
of Cod Liver Oil. It gives them Vitamin A for growth, and
its wealth of Vitamin D and calcium salts are invaluable i
for correct bone development. Doctors recommend Scott's
Emulsion for infant*, growing children, expectant mothers
and invalids. Fine for adults too. Its pleasant flavor makes \
it easy to take regularly. Scott A Bowne, Bloomfield, N. J.
Sales Representatives, H. F. Ritchie & Co., Inc., New York.
LlSTKN to Seotft Fmv'fion'o " Romnneee of the Sea" every Sunday and
Tuesday al 8 SO p. n. over the Columbia Matte Aetwark
The formal opening took place on
Saturday, July 1, 1835. The rail
roads to Providence and Lowell had
been opened a few days before the
Worcester road, the former on the
11th and the latter on the 27th day
of June, 1835.
The Itoston & Worcester was com
pleted through to Albany In 1841 and
the event was celebrated on Decem
ber 27 of that year by the entire
Itoston city government going In n
body to Albany to celebrate. They
had their Junkets in those days. The
Fitchburg road was opened to Its
western terminus during 1845. It
was In the same year that tho Old
Colony railroad opt ned through to
Plymouth.
The Coward I
Lawyer I think I can get you a
divorce, madam, for cruel and Inhu
man treatment. Do you think your
husband will fight the suit?
Woman—Fight! Why, the little
shrimp is nfraid to come into any
room where I am!—Pathfinder.
Some may indulge in all the free
speech they please because nobody
cures.
A word to the wicked Is sufficient
—if you call him a liar.
Indian Relic* Tell Story
A small group of Indian relics re
cently found near Center City, Wls.,
was believed to tell the story of an
early hunting episode. William George
Nelson, farmer, was gathering mr pie
sirup sap when he came upon the
relics—a half dozen arrowheads, an
Indian stone knife, two hdr teeth
and a huge bear claw. Reconstruct
ing the scene, Nelson was able to
picture a fight between a group of
Indians and a huge boar.
Police Shoot at Movie*
Police of Berlin are being taught
to shoot at running objects by pic
tures thrown on the screen by a mo
tion picture projector. The scenes
show humans and animals racing
ucross a small screen, and to hit
them requires skill. The sharp
shooters nre required to make good
scores nt this practice work before
they can Join the regular squad.
Poor Time to Spring It
Nurse—Have you told Mr. White
lie’s the father of twins?
Maid—No; lie’s shaving.
Because there are ugly things In
this world, Is no reason why we want
to hear about them In every chapter.
Novelists, take notice.
There’s No Denying
These Facts.
Only Firestone Tires give y^ou the extra
strength and safety of these patented construc
tion features!
Gum-Dipping penetrates every cord and
coats every fiber with liquid rubber. This mini
mizes internal friction and heat, the greatest
enemies of tire life.
Two Extra Cord Plies Under the Tread
give stronger bond between tread and cord body
and greater protection against punctures and
blowouts.
Because distributors of special brand mail
order tires cannot meet Firestone extra values,
they attempt to confuse car owners with bold
srra
tmni
.WWaaWBWf/
c o'mpar e
QUALITY and CONSTRUCTION
4.7519 TIRE
_ Oldf;.ld T,p. 0f„w T„.
Mora Weight, pounds .] IS.00 17.00
Mara 1 hie AflTSH, inches .658 .603
Mare Non-Skid Depth, _
iriche. . .... .2*1 .250
More Plies Under Tread 6 5
Sane W idlh, inch.. . 5*2® 5.20
Sane Price.$6.65 >6-65_
"compare prices
\fir*t1«nt |Tir«*toa«
.,7| Oi J'i.Id Typ. OldWd 1yp« |
* Oh Pit. Old*. Tii. c«h Put.
_t.cH rmt t,cl1 hi P.ii ’
,4.40-21_$4.98 >1.90 f $9.60
1.50-21_ 5.69 5.69 11.10
1.75-19_6.65 6.63 12.9©
5.25-21_ 8.57 0.57 16.70
6.00-19 (» idle. _ . 1 ,c
| under thet trend J ^ ^ 22>20
ITRUCK AMD BUS TYPE
:*52,.ii,!£5 is-is 15.25 19-9.
fe-.i.'.'.VSS ‘7.95 I7.*s 54.90
- ~ -
COMPARE
QUALITY and CONSTRUCTION
450 X1 TIRE
Santinal Typa
More Weight, iwumli , 17*©^ 16.10
More Thickness, inch™ .598 .561
Mere Non-Skid Depth,
iiiche* « .25© .231
More Plies Under Tread 0 3
Same Width, Incbea . . 4.75 4.73
Same Price . . .... $4*85 $1 85
COM PAR EPRIC ES
Tir«*ton« especial Tir**ton«
Sentinel M,„ Sentmel
* Order Tire , T»»V
Ceen Price Price tech C""P,lc0
farh Hat Pair
4.40-21-54.35 $4.33 $8.50
1.50-21-r|.85 4.83 9.40
1.75-19_5.08 5.68 11.14
1.73-20 - 5.7 5 5.75 11.20
3.00-19*- 5.99 5.99 11.00
5.25-21-7.37 7.37 14*52
_ ___ _
cluims and misleading state
ments. But remember—there’s
no denying the FACTS of
Firestone extra values.
Check them for yourself—
today. Go to the Firestone
Service Store or Service Dealer
in your community. Compare
sections cut from Firestone
Tires and special brand mail
order tires and others. 1 ou be
the judge!
ftrtfNit I
BATTERIES
Give ex Ira power and longer life
at lowest prices. Made and guar
anteed by Firestone. Trade in
your old battery and be sure
your car will start quickly even
! in coldest weather,
i' -r-~ri '--j r~
★ A “Special Brand” tire i» made I
by u manufacturer for distributors such
ms mail order houses, oil companies and
Olliers, under a name that does not
identify the tire manufacturer, to the
public, usually because he builds hi*
“best quality” tires under his own name.
Firestone puts his name on EVERY tire
he makes.
Doubts Guarantee—Every tire
manufactured hv Firestone bears the
name “FIRESTONE” and carries
Firestone’s unlimited guarantee ancTthat
of our 25.000 Senire Dealers and Service
Stores. Sou are doubly protected.
f[f liiten to the Voice of Firestone
• Every Monday fright Over N.B.C.
_ Nationwide Network.
Firestone Service Stores and Service Dealers Save You Money and Serve Yeu Better
