MAN EATERS
AMONG SHARKS
Details of Instances Where
They Have Attacked Per
sons in Bathing
Australian bathers must ever be
in the elert for sharks. More than
70 species of sharks are known in
Australian waters. Several species
common on the Australian coast are
dangerous to man; among these are
the white shark, hammer-headed
shark, tiger shark, gray nurse, blue
nurse, blue pointer, sea shark, whal
er and blue shark.
Some of these sharks are of im
mense size, for instance, the whale
shark, which is known to attain a
length of 50 feet. The white shark
is undoubtedly the most ferocious
of marine animals, attaining a
length of 40 feet and being provided
with many rows of large triangular
teeth, well adapted for tearing
flesh. It is more plentiful in the
open ocean than near land. It has
been known to devour human beings,
and the fact that seals have been
extracted from its stomach proves
that it is as swift in movement as
It is voracious. Small specimens,
8 to 10 feet long, are well known
from the neighborhood of Port Jack
son, and a Victorian specimen meas
ured 36'a feet.
mere nave oeen many dangerous «
attacks and some tragic fatalities
made by these monsters upon bath
ers off the Australian shores during
recent bathing months- A few of
these attacks may be cited.
Last April a party of six went in
for a swim at Bondi beach, near
Sydney, and, when the group decided
to leave the waters, one of the
group, Maxwell Steel, who was fol
lowing some yards behind the others,
was suddenly seized by a shark. He
was in water a few feet deep about
20 yards from the beach when a
heavy wave washed the victim free
of the shark’s jaws, and rolled him
toward the shore.
Steele’s brother, who had been
another of the swimming party, had
juat reached the beach when he
heard a shout and saw his brother
struggling. He afterward stated,
“We did not see the shark. It all
happened so quickly.” The shark
had stripped the flesh from the
calf of Steele’s left leg, from the
knee to the ankle, completely ex
posing the bone, and. in addition to
shock, he was suffering severely
from loss of blood. A blood trans
fusion was necessary to save his life.
His leg was amputated.
The victim. Maxwell Steele, was a
powerful swimmer, a winner of
many races, and a popular member
of his club. His clubmates flocked
to the hospital and submitted to
blood tests fhen it was learned that
there would probably have to be a
transfusion operation. He described
his attack in the following manner:
“I felt a sharp stab of pain In
my leg as the shark go\ me in Its
jaws. Then I went under and I
tried to beat it off with my fists.
I punched it several times, where I
don’t know; I think it was on the
jaw, but it had me in a vice-like
grip. Finally I succeeded, and in
a flash I was free. My leg was not
hurting much, it seemed numb. It
was very strange, I could not do
anything with it as I began to swim
as strongly as I could toward the
shore. IJow badly I had been hurt
I did not know'. After I had been
swimming a little while I was
tossed along by a w'ave. When I
reached the shallow water I stood
up and shouted, but It seemed such
a long while before anybody came
to me.”
“Of course,” he added, “I am not
quite clear on just what did hap
pen, it was very quick and very
terrible.”
One week before this attack, a
man was killed bv a shark at Mere
wether Beach near by.
A man w-ho lives immediately
above the scene of the Steele at
tack said that he had seen sharks
in the water at this point so fre
quently lately that, when he want
ed a swim, he walked the full
length of the beacn to the baths
at the other end. He added that
he had seen three of four sharks
resting in the water at one lime
Another memorable shark trag
edy was in 1924, when Miss Nita
Derrett lost both feet as the re
sult of an attack at Bronte beach.
There have been at least five
deaths resulting from shark at
tacks within the last few years
around the waters near Sydney.
It. has been pointed out that
April is the time of year wool!
sharks are most orevalent in Aus
tralian waters. The monscars are
then arising about the coast,
chasing the shoals of salmon which
are at that time moving to warm
er latitudes.
EXERCISE REDUCES ANKLES
Eileen Bourne in Liberty Magazine.
Ovei developed ankles can be re
duced by any woman who Is anxious
to have shapely feet by following a
few simple exercises.
The simplest exercise is to stretch
out the foot, spread the toes, and
draw them together again. Then,
pointing the toes down, bend the
foot up. out. in—always from the
ankle. Finally, hold the knee with
clasped hands and rotate the foot,
not from the knee, but from the
ankle, as many times as possible.
Standing erect, bring the knee up
as high as possible and give a vig
orous kick forward with the toes
pointing down.
Rising on vour toes 20 or 30 times
a day stretches and rounds out the
lower part of the leg. Indeed, anv
kind of new kick you can devise will
aid you in this estimable endeavor
Try it lying down. Bring the knee
up to the chest and kick forward as
hard as possible.
Bull O’ The Woods.
From Bulletin. Sydney.
“Here, what’s the big idea—
chuckin’ the bricks down as fast as I
bring ’em up?”
“It’s all right—the ''OS3 keeps
passing underneath.”
“Oh, yes, accidents will happen,
wont they?”
Q Which of the Canadian prov
inces are called the Prairie prov
inces? N. D.
A. Prairie nrovinces is the name
applied to the three Canadian
provinces of Manitoba, Saskatche
wan. and Alberta.
OF INTEREST TO FARMERS
SALT FOR WORK MULES
Common salt, or sodium chloride,
U a very essential part of a work
mule's ration and a mule should
have free access at a!! times to this
material, either in the flaky or the
block form.
Salt adds palatability to the ra
tion, and its chemical elements, so
dium and chlorine, play a very im
portant part in digestion and in
body metabolism.
If salt is omitted from the ration
the mules become unthrifty and
their perverted appetite is demon- i
strated by their desire to gnaw on
their feed boxes and mangers and
to eat dirt.
Mules vary considerably in the
quantity of salt needed, and the
consumption of salt also varies with ,
the amount of work the mules are
doing and with the temperature.
For the last four years accurate
records have been kept of the salt
consumption of 20 head of mules on
air experimental farm. These mules
were doing heavy farm work during
this period. Salt in the flake form
was available for each mule
throughout the test.
The average consumption per 1,
000 pounds live weight daily for the
group was four-tenths of an ounce, i
During the spring and summer the i
consumption ran as high as forty
six-hundredths of an ounce per 1.000
pounds live weight daily, and this
quantity decreased during the fall
and winter season to an average of
three-tenths of an ounce daily.
KNOW YOUR COCKERELS
September is the time to go over
the cockerels being grown on the
range for use as breeders next
spring. The birds are now old
enough to take shape and give some
idea of the conformation and type
they will develop. Plumage is suffi
ciently advanced to show whether it
possesses any serious defects and to
determine the excellence of plumage
pattern.
The poultryman who has been do
ing pedigree breeding and wing
banding will find it an advantageous
time to study his breeding males,
look up their, pedigrees and deter
mine the ones best suited to hold
over for breeders next spring. Also
to note serious defects, such as wry
tails, crooked toes, crooked breasts,
and so on.
In spite of rather careful selection
at broiler age, a number of defects
will get by. It is best to single
them out, for the cockerels have
reached an age when they will make
profitable roasters and they should
be marketed while attractive prices
can be had.
The best way to improve the lay
ing flock is to use breeding males of
known ancestors. One should not
postpone getting acquainted with
the young generation of breeding
males until it' is time to use them.
GROWING A HERD SIRE
It used to be said that the bull
is half the herd. Now it is generally
recognized that the herd sire is more
than half the herd. In growing out
a herd sire into the growthy in
dividual that is to be desired, some
special care is required.
For the first six months the male
calves will be cared for much as
will the heifers. At weaning time,
however, usually at six months for
the heifers, the methods differenti
ate somewhat. Skimmed milk may
well be fed to the bull calves for
longer periods, say for from eight to
10 months of age. This keeps them
growing and by 10 months of age, if
fed on a good leguminous hay and
a grain mixture consisting of, for
example, five parts of bran, four of
ground oats and one of linseed meal,
the future herd sires should continue
satisfactory growth without a break.
When mature, exercise yards
should be considered a requirement.
The too common practice of chain
ing in a dark corner of the barn or
yard is an unfortunate one. A sat
isfactory grain ration for a mature
animal is found in two parts of
barley, four of ground oats, three of
bran and one of linseed meal.
LIMING PAYS
In the fall of 1925, a western
farmer limed 10 acres of a 17-acre
field, applying two tons per acre at
a cost of $7 per acre. He seeded it
to clover in the spring of 1926,
securing a fairly good stand on the
entire field. He did not pay much
attention to the clover until he cut
the hay crop in 1927. when he cut
one-third more hay from the limed
land than the unlimed. His biggest
surprise came when he cut the
clover seed. On the seven acres of
unlimed land he threshed 14 bushels
of seed, at the rate of two bushels
per acre. On the 10 acres of limed
land, he threshed 34 bushels or 3.4
bushels per acre, an increase of 1.4
bushels per acre, which at the sell
ing price of $16 per bushel was
worth $22.40 per acre more than
that produced on the unlimed land.
Liming pays.
SUMMER SILAGE
Dairymen experience more diffi
culties in tending their cows during
August than they do at any other
time of year. The hot weather low
ers the production of the cows, and
the files are an annoyance, but the
chief difficulty is the lack of good
succulent feed.
Silage or soiling crops can take
care of this need.
A western experiment station con
ducted an experiment to determine
the value of summer silage When
the cows received silage to supple
ment the short dry pastures they
yielded 10 per cent, more butterfat
than when they had no silage. Also
the use of silage kept the cows from
losing weight and it started them
into winter milk production in far
better condition than when they
were starved during the summer.
Rainfall was plentiful so that the
usual during that season that our
experiment was conducted. Furth
ermore, we reseed and fertilize our
pastures regularly, says the expert
LOWER PRODUCTION COSTiT"
When a business is showing a loss
there are two ways of wiping it out
—increase the selling price or lower
the cost of production. Dairymen
with average cows need both ways
to break even these days. Increased
returns can come mainly through
better organization, but lower costs
are up to the individual.
Where enough cows are kept to
require more than one hand milk
er, a milking machine will save
labor and usually do away with one
full time employe. Or if a man is
alone he can greatly Increase the
number of cows he milks and thus
lower his overhead costs. We can
in charge, and they are bet. r than
the average run of i ntures
throughout the country. Th. dairy
man with ordinary pasture and in
an ordinary season will find more
than a 10 per cent, advantage for
the summer silage.
However valuable silage may be
for summer feeding, some dairymen
do not have it. The best solution
for these men is to use sailing crops.
In an experiment covering eight
years’ feeding, we round soiling
crops and silage were of equal value.
Some of the regular farm crops are
excellent for soiling purposes. Qreen
corn and alfalfa or clover are ex
amples of this. Oats are an early
crop that can be used for soiling,
and a mixture of oats and field
peas is the best combination we
have ever tried. Amber cane is
more valuable as a soiling crop than
for pasture or hay. and soy beans,
even though somewhat difficult to
cut and haul, are very satisfactory.
MONEY IN SUMMER DUCKS
Each year we find an increase in
the consumption of ducks in the
United States, a cheering state of
affairs to the producers. We still
lag behind the Pilipino in our love
of duck products. The industry
there has developed the Balut, a
fresh young-developing duck vary
ing from 14 to 20 days in incubation.
The demand is greater than the
supply, which is produced by artifi
cial hatching every week in the year.
Our hatching season for ducks
ranges from December to August,
and provides the quickest turnover
to be had in poultry. Ducks hatched
in July and August can be most
successfully and economically grown,
for they thrive better during the
hot days of summer than do young
chickens.
A recent test shows that ducks
hatched on July fifth made a weight
of six pounds at 11 weeks of age.
These birds were hatched by artifi
cial incubation and brooder under
the regulation coal-burning brooder
stove. They were confined to yards
with no water except that given
them to drink.
One change only between hatch
ing time and marketing was made In
the ration that was fed in the test
The ration the first two weeks was
50 pounds of wheat bran, 50 pounds
of yellow corn meal, 12 pounds of
red-dog flour, 10 pounds of dried
skim milk. 5 pounds of m—*t scrap—
50 per cent, protein—and 5 pounds
of minerals. This was fed in a wet
condition four times a day, as much
as the ducklings would clean up.
From the third week up to mark
eting they received this mixture:
100 pounds of corn meal. 40 pounds
of wheat bran. 10 pounds of red-dog
flour, 20 pounds of meat scrap—50
per cent, protein—10 pounds of al
falfa leaf meal, 10 pounds of dried
skim milk- 10 pounds of ground
rolled oats.
Ducklings hatched during the
summer for the fall and early win
ter market are the most profitable,
for not only do they bring a higheT
price at this time but the cool nights
and warm days tend to mature them
rapidly.
PROTECTION FOR POULTRY?
The poultry industry, grown to be
one of our leading agricultural pur
suits, has just passed through a
somewhat depressing year, due prin
cipally to low prices received by the
producer for poultry and eggs, ac
companied by relatively high cost
of production. During the last
spring, egg prices at country points
were slightly higher than 1927, but
were still too low.
Eggs have had to face large im
ports of frozen and died egg prod
ucts, principally from the Orient.
These imports come in direct com
petition with our low-grade eggs,
and indirectly with the high quality
eggs we produce for table purposes.
The great volume of foreign prod
ucts does not allow a satisfactory
price to encourage home breaking,
drying and freezing, hence a large
quantity of low grade eggs which
should be broken must find a mar
ket here in the shell. This throws
a mass of low grade shell eggs into
direct competition on the shell egg
market with higher quality prod
ucts, with unhappy results to both
quality and price.
Increased quantities of live and
dressed poultry are also coming
into the United States from South
American, European and North
American countries, thus giving our
poultry producers severe competi
tion under the low tariff schedule.
During 1927 close to 2.000,000 pounds
of live poultry, and more than 4.
000.000 pounds of killed poultry
were imported, which volume seri
ously lowered prices. Turkeys from
South America and Europe are also
coming over the low tariff wall.
The poultry industry is organized
through the National Poultry Coun
cil to secure for our poultry farm
ers more adequate tariff protection.
The same protection which industry
enjoys will safeguard the poultry in
dustry and will insure the American
consumers high quality eggs and
poultry at reasonable cost. Our
poultry industry can supply every
legitimate market demand under
adequate tariff protection.
VALUE OF SILAGE
It is difficult to give the value of
silage in terms of money for the
reason that many of its properties
that have an actual value cannot
be measured. For instance, while
an analysis will show probably no
more food units than in many other
feeds, silage has succulency, giving :
it much of the properties of grass.
This means that the stock will eat
more of it and assimilate it more
readily, tut one cannot express that
value in figures. It takes far less
storage space than hay or other
feeds, pound for pound, saving a
cost oi buildings and their mainten
ance. Another and far greater con
sideration to the dairy farmer is
the increased production of milk
from the feeding of silage.
thus get the same milk production
with lower labor costs or an in
creased production with the same
labor coats. On my own farm, says
an up to date dairyman, we have so
far this year secured both increased
production and lower labor costs. I
believe milking machines are fast
becoming an economic necessity for
the man who is trying to run a
dairy at a profit.
DON'T FORGET
Low-production casts are essential
these days if dairymen are to exist.
Costs are influenced by various fac
tors, but the greatest opportunity
for lowering costs is still increased
production per cow.
V IMPORTANT N
TO MOTHERS OF
UNDERWEIGHT
CHILDREN
“Two Tablespoons of Karo
in a Glass of Milk doubles
its Food Value”!
THIS statement is made by one of America's greatest
child specialists.
“Karo”, says this physician, “is not only a delicious
sweet, but the ideal food for the underweight child. Karo
can be added to the diet without spoiling the appetite for
other foods—and it improves the taste of milk.”
Karo has a high energy value —there are 120
calories per ounce in it —almost twice the energy value
of eggs and lean beef, weight for weight.
Further—Karo is easily
digested—giving children mus
cular energy immediately.
Serve the kiddies plenty
of Karo in milk, on cereals, on
sliced bread —and watch their
. weight improve.
Economy—compare Karo,
pound for pound, with the price
of other staple foods. Isn’t Kan
economical?
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