-—-x
OF INTEREST TO FARMERS
RUNNING THE INCUBATOR
First of ali, let us make it perfectly clear that any suggestions which
we make here are purely general in nature, and that we strongly advise
each incubator operator to study his own machine rigidly and carefully.
The manufacturer of an incubator is more concerned than any one
else, except the owner, with the successful operation of the machine He
best understands the secrets and it is always safe and logical to follow
his lead. There are, however, certain fundamental problems regarding
a few items, which will be helpful and appreciated.
Temperature is the most vital factor in the care and operation of
lunnjng an incubator. It is one fact that cannot be varied widely and
followed with good hatching results Whether the incubator is a small
lamp-heated machine, or a large sectional type heated by hot water pipe*,
the same princ ple as to temperature applies; namely, w'hile 103 is uni
versally recognised as the ideal incubator temperature, it is well to start
the machine the first week slightlv lower than this, approximately about
• 102.
The second week 102'.., and the third week it should be run at 103
to 103 «; the latter being best at the very end of the hatch. These tem
peratures apply when the thermometer is located above the eggs with
the bulb just clearing the eggs, not touching them. Lower temperatures
than this will retard the hatch and decrease its efficiency, while higher
temperatures will hasten the hatch and weaken the chicks. In mam
moth cabinet incubators where the air surrounding the eggs is of the
same temperature, a degree of heat considerably lower than this is neces
saryp and desirable. Most cabinet machines operate best at a tempera
ture of, or just above. 100 degrees.
In the care of the heating unit, whether it be kerosene lamp, coal
stove or gas burner, certain factors must be appreciated; The source of
heat must be kept in perfect working condition; it must be systematically
cared for; wicks should be trimmed regularly and kept burning evenly;
coal fires should be shaken down at necessary intervals, usually twice
a day, ashes completely removed at each shaking and the fires coaled
evenly and uniformly. If we have any irregular heat supply we are
bound to have irregular temperature.
Special attention must always be given to the heat regulating devices
whether they be floats in water tanks connected immsd;ately with draft
dampers, whether they be thermostats controlling vemilating dampers
or whether they be expansion regulators adjusting the flow of hot water
through pipes, they must be constantly watched and adjusted, first of
all, to see that they are clean and free, and functioning properly; sec
ondly. to see that they are properly regulated to maintain the degree of
temperature desired. Heat then is the fundamental factor in incuba
tion and it must be watched and maintained at all times at the proper
point.
T'ho f livn'mr nf nororp 1 I! FVin innnUninw I « 4 a a.. aaa_a lift. J . -
-— --c> - “DO ••• 1.W* ' u«i IU nuvvvgoi TT ii J V4 v/ n t
do it? Because the old hen does it. What is the effect of turning?
It is this: It changes the position of the germs within the egg constant
ly, preventing the germ from coming in contact with and adhering to
the shell. Turning brings the germ in contact with the lresh supply
of oxygen, and during the latter part of the hatch, turning is essential
to enable the embryo to assume the right shape or position in the egg.
It is not necessary to turn each egg over one half turn completely
at each turning time, but simply necessary to rotate or move the egg:;
slightly from time to time so that the position of the germ and the egg
is changed. Frequent turning has been found to be very beneficial. In
small lamp-heated machines they are generally turned two or three
times a day. and the same is true in mammoth incubators, but with
modern turning appliances, eggs by the thousands can be turned in a
moment s time. It is generally felt that an additional turning or two
is helpful, so that many mammoth incubator operators turn the eggs in
t.he early morning, at noon, late afternoon and late evenings. This gives
four turnings.
In years gone by it used to be necessary to cool the eggs in the in
cubator each day especially during the latter part of the hatch. Modern
incubators r.re so well ventilated and the air changed in them so fre
quently, fresh oxygen supply is constantly available, and hence cooling
is bound to retard embryo development. Cooling has gradually gone out
of use. With the temperatures above given in an incubator which is
well ventilated, one need never be concerned with the necessity of cool
ing. Be sure, however, that the incubator cellar is well ventilated and
that a fresh supply of oxygen is flowing into the cellar continually in
the form of fresh, pure air. This is especially necessary with an incu
bator cellar or room which is filled to large incubator capacity.
Moisture and ventilation are two factors in artificial incubation
which are closely linked up together. The real gauge of the amount of
moisture and ventilation required is the size of the air cell. Without going
too much into detail, it is sufficient to say that more ventilation is
needed in the incubator during the latter part of a hatch. Moisture is
generally helped in moist climates throughout the hatch, although this
varies somewhat in the type of incubator used. Slow draft incubators
of section or individual type require more moisture than do the cabinet
machines, in which the air is forced into the machines and changed
rapidly.
The test of proper ventilation and moisture is the air-cell of the egg.
For example, when the egg ts placed in the machine the air-cell is very
small being only one sixteenth to one eighth inch in depth. On the third
day the air-cell will be about one quarter of an inch in depth; on the
eighth day about three eights of an inch; on the 15th day about five
eights of an inch, and on the 19th day or just before hatching, about
three-quarters of an inch in depth. If one is getting too large an air
cell it means there is too much ventilation or not enough moisture. If
too small an air-cell, the reverse condition is to be expected.
Be sure to candle the eggs early in the hatch to take out infertiles
which can be sold for baking purposes. Any dead germs should either
be boiled for feeding to the chicks or discarded. They are not suitable
for human food. Testing is done, as you know, by holding the eggs be
fore a candle, candling machine, or by passing a light under the egg
tre.y; the infertile eggs showing absolutely clean, no germ development
being present. Dead germs are noted by a ricular ring of blood around
the shell in the center of which is a dark spat, which is the dead em
bryo. Be sure to keep a careful record of the hatch on special cards or
records provided for each machine of each hatch. Eternal vigilance is
the price cf success in artificial incubation.
SUDAN GOOD CATCH CROP
Those who have overflow land to
handle this spring or land that has
been too wet to plant to corn at the
usual time, if they are In position to
use a forage crop, either for pasture
or hay, may be interested in sudan
• grass- It is not an ideal pasture grass
by e«y means, but as an emergency
crop it is one of the best available
It may be seeded any time in June,
the sooner the better.
Good corn land will yield from
three to five tons per acre. It will
produce as much as three tons per
acre, even if not seeded till the later
part of June and the hay is very
palatable to all classes of livestock.
It is a nonlegume and therefore not
to be compared in feeding value with
the legumes, which are rich in pro
tein But when we are speaking of
emergency crops, the question is not
the growing of the very best crops,
but rather putting the land that had
been Intended for some other crop to
the best possible use under existing
conditions.
Soybeans make a better quality of
hay than sudan grass, but the de
mand for soybeans for late seeding
this year has been so strong that the
seed is not only high in price hut in
many sections also very difficult to
get. Sudan grass is available at rea
sonable prices a~d will appeal to
many this year.
If seeded for pasture care must be
taken not to use it tor '.hat purpose
after frost, because of the danger of
pruM.c odd poisoning When reed'd
late on a well prepared seed bed it
grows very rapidly and will 're ready
for erasing in five or si\ weeks after
seeding.
In preparing a cd bed for sudan
guau, proceed as for oats. Corn
ground may be prepared by disking
and harrowing without plowing In
i. t», spring plowing for sudsn Is not
Ki:i:r all hm lims
Nc matter who takes care of the
biU# in your family, you should have
•linn system of filing There are on
■air, filing bones not much trigger
than a lunch bos, which are spten
iln things in ahlch to keep the fam
ily untrue* Ami it on* doesnt care
»o spend a* i. ueh there are Inter
ftlrt about the »./» if a the. tom tv
and which resemble a bock They
air indexed M that cm can tiki in*
ii. .ante pedicle* either under the tet
ter T or under the name of the
in mane* company
Uteri are a great many retardent
w» ^a •-* w« acei" -<m
desirable if it can possibly be avoiled.
If the ground must be plowed the d sk
should subsequently be freely used to
thoroughly compact the seed bed. A
cultipacker or roller if available will
materially aid in compacting the
ground.
Sow from 18 to 2? p or.ds of seed
per acre The later seeding takes
place the more seed one should use as
stooling will not be as free as when
seeding is done during the middle of
May. There are no special varieties of
this grass and fortunately it makes
no difference from what locality the
seed comes. Southern seed seems to
do just as well as northern seed in
Iotva and the com belt in general.
One should, however, be on guard
against weeds, and it is also well to
test the seed for germination. A sat
isfactory germination test may range
from 80 to 85 per cent.
—--—
HOGS REQUIRE MINERALS
The feeds generally given to hogs
do not contain sufficient mineral
matter for the best gains. Therefore,
all hogs, at all times, without excep
tion. should be supplied with one of
following mixtures:
1. Either charcoal or soft coal.
Charcoal burned on the farm from
corn cobs or wood is probably better
than soft coal. 2. Wood ashes, acid
phosphate, or ground phosphate rock.
Not all, but any one of the three
3. One part salt to 30 parts of 1
and 2 combined. 4. One part of
powdered copperas to 30 parts of l
and 2 combined, or the copperas may
be dissolved and sprinklrd over 1 and
2 5. Sulphur, slacked lime, or any
other material one desires may be
added, but 1. 2. 3 or 4 should always
be mixed and kept before tlie hogs.
••
| Very young pigs are extremal >is
ceiaible to dampness. Keep their
quarters dry.
when it ia very desirable to be able
to locate a bill or receipt Immediate
ly and a ilk will enable you to do
£3. AUo In caw of fire or travel,
one's family archives can go along
or else be stored in a safety deposit
box at the bank
Many instance* have been known
woere the safe storage of old business
paper* has re ulted In great saving*
You will al o find that if you make
a [s si of '.ak:ng tore if cu»«ncaa
papers In a kuunswiUr way, that
you will also take setter cart of vour
money, drat habit* •ocnetime* trav
«* tn ever ng curie*
TODAY
BY ARTHIR BRISBANE
The federal reserve reports cheer
ful business conditions. Production
of steel ingots Increased 25 per cent,
ir. January, general manufactured
products increased 6 per cent. This
country is In good shape, richest,
most prosperous, most fortunate on
earth.
If government will put some of
its suiplus to work on the Mississippi
and the Boulder dam development,
all will be serene.
Distributing water and fertilizer
makes farms productive, distributing
cash makes nations prosperous.
The Rev. Rodolph Petter. devoted
missionary on the northern Cheyenne
reservation in Montana, is translat
ing the Bible from Hebrew and Greek
into the language of the Cheyenne
Indians. Translating the New Testa
ment must be difficu.t. Fighting
Cheyennes did not talk the language
of Christianity.
The reverend translator can sym
pathize with old Maimonldee who
translated the Greek Philoaopners
into Hebrew, He had to invent He
brew words to express abstract Greek
ideas that did not exist in the Hebrew
language. Because he did that the
Green synagogue in Spain excom
municated him.
That did not worry the justly rev
erend “Rambam.” He had a good
job as physician to the ruler oi
Egypt, and lived safely with that wise
and tolerant Mohammedan.
In California, with 40,000 people
that might be better employed, look
ing on. the powerful Basque Uzcudun,
from the Pyrenees, fought the huge
negro prize fighter Godfrey. The
Basque weighed 195 pounds, the ne
gro 235 pounds, the negro winning.
To this Uzcudur., member of a
strange race of origin unknown, all
men look alike. Our high spirited
white American fighters, whose ring
time is worth $500 a second, are more
cautious.
It would take a steel cable to drag
one of those priceless gentlemen into
the ring with a negro even smaller
than Godfrey, unless it were certain
that he had been paid to “lie down.”
that he couldn't fight, or that disease
had rendered him powerless.
ll may ue ieptaicu ulai a miiau
sized gorilla could takp Uzcudun.
Godfrey, Dempsey and Tunney at
their best, all four together, and
pick them to pieces at leisure.
Pope Pius in a ceremony honoring
the memory of the venerable Elisa -
betta Mora, refers to the immodesty
in dress of some modern women as
“insults to the eyes of God and cause
for temptation or distrust in the ej'es
of the world."
That is no exaggeration. It took
women a million years to learn to
dress modestly. They overdid it with
their veils, hoop skirts, bustles, etc.
Now they are rapidly going the other
wav. A stronge. daring sex.
The late Albert Brisbane, more
than 80 years old, suggested that
large apartment houses with central
heating plants and water automatic
ally distributed should be built as an
improvement on "the Isolated house
hold.” Some, old fashioned, who
knew little, did not mind seeing their
wives carry water from the pump,
said. “Americans will never live
herded together."
Now Dr. Albert E. Douglass of the
University of Arizona, exploring the
Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico, finds
an early American nouse about 1,000
years old. that housed 2,000 early
Americans.
Dr. Douglas can tell by rings in
trees that have grown up since its
abandonment, how old the apart
ment house is.
Mrs. Eva Dugan, aged 50, convicted
of killing a man in Arizona, must be
sentenced to hang.
Arizona has never hanged a wo
man. Will that state officially kill
its first, woman in 1928? A woman
of 50 can be disposed of with safety
to the public, without submitting the
state to the degradation of choking
an old woman to death. It should
be difficult to find, in Arizona, any
man willing to undertake that job.
Miss Fannie May Davis, one of
many interesting religious workers
who make California better and
brighter, dies, leaving to her relatives
“the priceless memory of companion
ship with me.” and leaving $15,000.
000 to a gentleman friend. Isaac J.
Isaac=on. Her will says that giving
rne money to Mr. Isaacsrn is “not an
act of human mind but a direct or
der from Providence.” A wise judge
will investigate that statement.
Sever, men and six women were en
gaged in an interesting train robbery
in Chicago. ‘‘Limpy Charlie” Cleaver
drank too much and talked too much.
He Is in jail, and a criminal lawyer
is held, accused of planning and di
recting the crime. The police at**
hunting a politician also involved. It
was a typical well thought out crime,
netting (133.000 The lawyer and
politician make it worth mentioning.
- +»—■■
Q What did the Indians use to
scent or perfume smoking tobacco?
J. L. H
A. Kinnikinnick. an Algonquian
word signifying "mixed by hand,” is
used to designate a mixture of to
bacco with some other plant, either
for the purpose of imparting a more
pleasant odor or to reduce its
strength, as the trade tobacco alone
is commonly too strong to suit the
fancy of the Indian. Among the
western tribes tobacco ordinarily used
by mixing with it gum. sumac, and
bearberry. the bark, leaves, and roots
of two kinds of willow, rnanzanlta
leaves, Jamestown weed, touchwood,
dogwood bark, arrow wood, and a va
riety of other woods, barks, leaves,
twigs, and even insects.
A flood Start.
From Passing Show
Diner That voung waiter is look
ing very proud today.
Head Walter- Yes sir: you see ire's
Just miscalculated his first bill.
With or Without’
From Answers, London
Entering the restaurant, the stran
ger Hipped a chair with a silk hand
kerchief and carefully sat down
“Yes. sir? asked the waiter, putter
ing the menu
' ll begin with a doten oyster* ”
•aP* i lie prrctse on*s “and mind they
are natives I want Hiem on the deep
shell not too large and not too small1*
The waiter bowed,
•"Chooee them very carefully.*' went
on the customer, “and be quite sure
you do not bring me wny that are **ot
pirn ip and fresh "
‘Ye*, sir," replied the waiter, "cer
tain,* And er wilt you have Vm
with pearls in rig or without- ittl” |
If Back Hurts 1
Flush Kidneys
Drink Plsnty of Wstsr and Tako |
Class of Salta Before Break- 9
fast Occasionally
When your kidneys hurt and your
back feels sore, don't get scared and
proceed to load your stomach with a
lot of drugs that xelte the kidneys
and Irritate the entire urinary tract
Keep your kidneys dean like you
keep your bowels clean, hy flushing
them with a mild, harmless salts
which helps to remove the body’s
urinous waste and stimulate them to
their normal activity.
The function of the kidneys Is to
filter the blood. In 24 hours they
strain from it f>00 grains of add and
waste, so we can readily understand
the vital Importance of keeping the
kidneys active.
Drink lots of good water—you can’t
drink too much; also get from any
pharmacist about four ounces of .Tad
Saits. Take a tahlespoonful In a
glass of water before breakfast each
morning for r. few days and your kid
neys may then act fine. This famous
salts *.s made from the add of grapes
mid lemon juice, combined with Ilthln,
and has been used for years to help
clean and stimulate clogged kidneys;
also to neutralize the adds In the
system so they are no longer a source
of Irritutfon, thus often relieving
bladder weakness.
Jad Salts Is inexpensive; cannot In
jure; makes a delightful effervescent
Ilthia-water drink which everyone
should take now and then to help
keep their kidneys dean and active.
Try this; also keep up the water
drinking, and no doubt you will won
der what became of your kidney trou
ble and backache.
Names of the Months
January derives its name from
Janus, Latin god of ttie year; Febru
ary, from Februa, itoman festival of
purification; March, from Mars, god of
war; April, from Aperio, meaning to
open; May, from Maior (greater),
month of growth; June, derived from
Junius, the name of a Itoman family;
July, named for Julius Caesar; Au
gust, named for Augustus Caesar;
September, October, November and
December were the seventh, eighth,
ninth and tenth months of the itoman
calendar, from the Roman words for
the numerals.
America Far in Lead
The United States leads the world
til the production of electric horse
power, according to a survey Just
completed by t lie Department of Com
merce. Forty per cent of the total
power of the world is generated In
the United States. Similarly, with re
spect to the manufacture of electrical
goods, America leads, producing about
50 per cent of the world’s total.
Only 2 per cent of the trees struck
by lightning in national forests catch
fire, but this causes 17 per cent of
the forest fires.
A girl never tries to extinguish the
spHik as long ns a man lias money to
burn.
Message of Victory
Likened to Caesar's
Charles H. Flint, t lie New York
honker whose marriage wiis recently
announced, is known as "the father of
the trusts.'’ He Is, In fact, the father
of American Woolen. United States
Rubber and American Chide, lie Is
also, ns the “father” in the title might
suggest, a great friend of children,
anti he possesses a store of anecdotes
of childhood.
“We all know,” lie once said at a
dinner, “Caesar’s famous message of
victory to tlie Roman people—’I tame,
I saw, I conquered.’ Well, that mes
sage was wonderfully to the point,
but a boy bent It the other day.
‘This boy came home from school
with Ids hand cut.
“‘What's tlie matter with your
hand?’ ids mother asked.
‘The young Caesar puffed out his
chest and answered:
“'Them was darn sharp front teeth
Rill Jones used to have.’ ”
The Talker
Sinclair Lewis, tlie novelist of at
tack— Mr. Lewis nttacks ministers,
doctors, small towns, everything and
everybody is the hero of a story.
It appears that at a dinner party
lie was seated next to a movie actress
whose celebrity Is greater than his
own. Being an eloquent talker he
naturally talked to her. He talked
and talked. He had never been In
better form for talking. But sudden
ly the actress said:
“Humph!"
Everybody looked at her, and she
added:
“That’s n word In edgeways.”
’Ear, ’Ear!
“Girl routs masher with wallop be
hind the car,” says the New York
Evening World. That’s hitting the
male on the head, oil right.—Farm
and Fireside,
Somewhere In a lifetime, all the
thrills have worn cut.
If one has a clever son, of course,
there -is a whole lot in heredity.
WESTERN GIRL »
STRENGTHEN
ByTaking Lydia LPmkbiai|
Vegetable Compound
Manchester, So. Dakota.—"t
a terribly weak and rau-dowa
when
told me
E. Ptnkhaea**
table Cara.yaw
began takias St a#
alter a «!i«tWlmi
I felt better,
are a fam■ ty off
and live ax
acre taroi,
have quite
deal to do
doors and too®. Mb
1 was MMfci*
to do anything and had to bar«* .gw#),
bat after taking tho Vegctatiba Oat*
pound 1 finally gained my otraac#®
bach and also gained considers®** a*
weight I will gladly anawor i.attw
from women In regard to your owib
cine."—linn. Otto J. Gnsa. R. V. at.
Box 20, hlancbeeter. So. Dakota.
on accoivT or kiiitokv sjtaia,
muMl pm 11 at tmt p, one of !>«>?< t |u»? in*; i® M—lih
l> laptrt Id Iowa. K> tabll*hea «4i yiM%
< hart«* Wood. Tieer, Iowa.
HARflAIN MIOItT TIMK. MwTi'rn 9 rm+m
pa\ttl #tre«t. fin# rhtefe#* briwUl.
bafd-Wry !#*;<( ion or tvrtvo h?m
Iota. Ad #wlck J. A IlHitjff*, I.*
— ._— ————» — —
winctbimi wokiii hi iim; rrn.na—
liiiul., Iwnt on earth lor fix' money. N«hS-.
noan ami huteixmliiiri.- In a hciillhint r-M—«W
wbm Inml valucn hnvr ■ com to nsoOl
C M KIOI.tlKKT, VIRGINIA CITT. IISIW.
SIOUX CITY PTG. CO.. NO. IS. MB*.
— . ..------T
Hobby's Argument
tin.—That v oiium turned np Snr
n«w«e nt m.v cor I.
Mr.— Proli My Just shout ing Oast
contempt. niy dour, for ti man ~lYr*lt
l«iy in imielt money for t>no.
There may he scorn for gold. MR
11kim* who have the gold lire mtro 4*
think it is envy.
If a man once use* porous ^:m*usi®
he ia likely to become (ittimkwC *f
IbeoL
lb YOU KNEW all about the different grades of leather and shoemaking, yams
would know that W. L. Douglas shoes are good shoea.
Naturally you will judge quality by the service you get out of a pair,of shook.
On that basis thousands upon thousands of men and women all over the ccnj.iww
turn to Douglas for assurance of shoe quality and values that cannot be cqu*He&
REMEMBER: We bought w leather before grief ad
vanced and are paesing am to alt mere customers, old and
new, a saving which amounts to alnsaat $ i.orn every pan.
A fair and square retail price stamped on the soles of l^mgtas shoes at the factors, guaranties hemere wta *
Men's IS to |8 Women’* $ S ter $d Bovs’ $4 to $5
C atalog of New Spring Styles mmeled am request.
TO MERCHANTS! I f Douglas shoes »re nor sold nytiu: sawn rwrite for catalog ondftgeaci*
W. L. DOUGLAS SHOE CO. 173 Spark Street. Brockton, Maas.
\\/ > t ^
Why
SO MAIMYaSMOKER$ have
CHAIMGED TO CHESTERFIELD
We STATE it as
our honest belief thut
the tobacco* used in
Chesterfield cigarette*
are of finer quality
and hence of better
taste than in any
other cigarette at the
price.
Lilian A Mvm» Tuiuu)Co.
• •. and ^bitt's more —
THEY’RE MILD
and yet THEY SATISFY!
