-—-x OF INTEREST TO FARMERS RUNNING THE INCUBATOR First of ali, let us make it perfectly clear that any suggestions which we make here are purely general in nature, and that we strongly advise each incubator operator to study his own machine rigidly and carefully. The manufacturer of an incubator is more concerned than any one else, except the owner, with the successful operation of the machine He best understands the secrets and it is always safe and logical to follow his lead. There are, however, certain fundamental problems regarding a few items, which will be helpful and appreciated. Temperature is the most vital factor in the care and operation of lunnjng an incubator. It is one fact that cannot be varied widely and followed with good hatching results Whether the incubator is a small lamp-heated machine, or a large sectional type heated by hot water pipe*, the same princ ple as to temperature applies; namely, w'hile 103 is uni versally recognised as the ideal incubator temperature, it is well to start the machine the first week slightlv lower than this, approximately about • 102. The second week 102'.., and the third week it should be run at 103 to 103 «; the latter being best at the very end of the hatch. These tem peratures apply when the thermometer is located above the eggs with the bulb just clearing the eggs, not touching them. Lower temperatures than this will retard the hatch and decrease its efficiency, while higher temperatures will hasten the hatch and weaken the chicks. In mam moth cabinet incubators where the air surrounding the eggs is of the same temperature, a degree of heat considerably lower than this is neces saryp and desirable. Most cabinet machines operate best at a tempera ture of, or just above. 100 degrees. In the care of the heating unit, whether it be kerosene lamp, coal stove or gas burner, certain factors must be appreciated; The source of heat must be kept in perfect working condition; it must be systematically cared for; wicks should be trimmed regularly and kept burning evenly; coal fires should be shaken down at necessary intervals, usually twice a day, ashes completely removed at each shaking and the fires coaled evenly and uniformly. If we have any irregular heat supply we are bound to have irregular temperature. Special attention must always be given to the heat regulating devices whether they be floats in water tanks connected immsd;ately with draft dampers, whether they be thermostats controlling vemilating dampers or whether they be expansion regulators adjusting the flow of hot water through pipes, they must be constantly watched and adjusted, first of all, to see that they are clean and free, and functioning properly; sec ondly. to see that they are properly regulated to maintain the degree of temperature desired. Heat then is the fundamental factor in incuba tion and it must be watched and maintained at all times at the proper point. T'ho f livn'mr nf nororp 1 I! FVin innnUninw I « 4 a a.. aaa_a lift. J . - -— --c> - “DO ••• 1.W* ' u«i IU nuvvvgoi TT ii J V4 v/ n t do it? Because the old hen does it. What is the effect of turning? It is this: It changes the position of the germs within the egg constant ly, preventing the germ from coming in contact with and adhering to the shell. Turning brings the germ in contact with the lresh supply of oxygen, and during the latter part of the hatch, turning is essential to enable the embryo to assume the right shape or position in the egg. It is not necessary to turn each egg over one half turn completely at each turning time, but simply necessary to rotate or move the egg:; slightly from time to time so that the position of the germ and the egg is changed. Frequent turning has been found to be very beneficial. In small lamp-heated machines they are generally turned two or three times a day. and the same is true in mammoth incubators, but with modern turning appliances, eggs by the thousands can be turned in a moment s time. It is generally felt that an additional turning or two is helpful, so that many mammoth incubator operators turn the eggs in t.he early morning, at noon, late afternoon and late evenings. This gives four turnings. In years gone by it used to be necessary to cool the eggs in the in cubator each day especially during the latter part of the hatch. Modern incubators r.re so well ventilated and the air changed in them so fre quently, fresh oxygen supply is constantly available, and hence cooling is bound to retard embryo development. Cooling has gradually gone out of use. With the temperatures above given in an incubator which is well ventilated, one need never be concerned with the necessity of cool ing. Be sure, however, that the incubator cellar is well ventilated and that a fresh supply of oxygen is flowing into the cellar continually in the form of fresh, pure air. This is especially necessary with an incu bator cellar or room which is filled to large incubator capacity. Moisture and ventilation are two factors in artificial incubation which are closely linked up together. The real gauge of the amount of moisture and ventilation required is the size of the air cell. Without going too much into detail, it is sufficient to say that more ventilation is needed in the incubator during the latter part of a hatch. Moisture is generally helped in moist climates throughout the hatch, although this varies somewhat in the type of incubator used. Slow draft incubators of section or individual type require more moisture than do the cabinet machines, in which the air is forced into the machines and changed rapidly. The test of proper ventilation and moisture is the air-cell of the egg. For example, when the egg ts placed in the machine the air-cell is very small being only one sixteenth to one eighth inch in depth. On the third day the air-cell will be about one quarter of an inch in depth; on the eighth day about three eights of an inch; on the 15th day about five eights of an inch, and on the 19th day or just before hatching, about three-quarters of an inch in depth. If one is getting too large an air cell it means there is too much ventilation or not enough moisture. If too small an air-cell, the reverse condition is to be expected. Be sure to candle the eggs early in the hatch to take out infertiles which can be sold for baking purposes. Any dead germs should either be boiled for feeding to the chicks or discarded. They are not suitable for human food. Testing is done, as you know, by holding the eggs be fore a candle, candling machine, or by passing a light under the egg tre.y; the infertile eggs showing absolutely clean, no germ development being present. Dead germs are noted by a ricular ring of blood around the shell in the center of which is a dark spat, which is the dead em bryo. Be sure to keep a careful record of the hatch on special cards or records provided for each machine of each hatch. Eternal vigilance is the price cf success in artificial incubation. SUDAN GOOD CATCH CROP Those who have overflow land to handle this spring or land that has been too wet to plant to corn at the usual time, if they are In position to use a forage crop, either for pasture or hay, may be interested in sudan • grass- It is not an ideal pasture grass by e«y means, but as an emergency crop it is one of the best available It may be seeded any time in June, the sooner the better. Good corn land will yield from three to five tons per acre. It will produce as much as three tons per acre, even if not seeded till the later part of June and the hay is very palatable to all classes of livestock. It is a nonlegume and therefore not to be compared in feeding value with the legumes, which are rich in pro tein But when we are speaking of emergency crops, the question is not the growing of the very best crops, but rather putting the land that had been Intended for some other crop to the best possible use under existing conditions. Soybeans make a better quality of hay than sudan grass, but the de mand for soybeans for late seeding this year has been so strong that the seed is not only high in price hut in many sections also very difficult to get. Sudan grass is available at rea sonable prices a~d will appeal to many this year. If seeded for pasture care must be taken not to use it tor '.hat purpose after frost, because of the danger of pruM.c odd poisoning When reed'd late on a well prepared seed bed it grows very rapidly and will 're ready for erasing in five or si\ weeks after seeding. In preparing a cd bed for sudan guau, proceed as for oats. Corn ground may be prepared by disking and harrowing without plowing In i. t», spring plowing for sudsn Is not Ki:i:r all hm lims Nc matter who takes care of the biU# in your family, you should have •linn system of filing There are on ■air, filing bones not much trigger than a lunch bos, which are spten iln things in ahlch to keep the fam ily untrue* Ami it on* doesnt care »o spend a* i. ueh there are Inter ftlrt about the »./» if a the. tom tv and which resemble a bock They air indexed M that cm can tiki in* ii. .ante pedicle* either under the tet ter T or under the name of the in mane* company Uteri are a great many retardent w» ^a •-* w« acei" -is ceiaible to dampness. Keep their quarters dry. when it ia very desirable to be able to locate a bill or receipt Immediate ly and a ilk will enable you to do £3. AUo In caw of fire or travel, one's family archives can go along or else be stored in a safety deposit box at the bank Many instance* have been known woere the safe storage of old business paper* has re ulted In great saving* You will al o find that if you make a [s si of '.ak:ng tore if cu»«ncaa papers In a kuunswiUr way, that you will also take setter cart of vour money, drat habit* •ocnetime* trav «* tn ever ng curie* TODAY BY ARTHIR BRISBANE The federal reserve reports cheer ful business conditions. Production of steel ingots Increased 25 per cent, ir. January, general manufactured products increased 6 per cent. This country is In good shape, richest, most prosperous, most fortunate on earth. If government will put some of its suiplus to work on the Mississippi and the Boulder dam development, all will be serene. Distributing water and fertilizer makes farms productive, distributing cash makes nations prosperous. The Rev. Rodolph Petter. devoted missionary on the northern Cheyenne reservation in Montana, is translat ing the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into the language of the Cheyenne Indians. Translating the New Testa ment must be difficu.t. Fighting Cheyennes did not talk the language of Christianity. The reverend translator can sym pathize with old Maimonldee who translated the Greek Philoaopners into Hebrew, He had to invent He brew words to express abstract Greek ideas that did not exist in the Hebrew language. Because he did that the Green synagogue in Spain excom municated him. That did not worry the justly rev erend “Rambam.” He had a good job as physician to the ruler oi Egypt, and lived safely with that wise and tolerant Mohammedan. In California, with 40,000 people that might be better employed, look ing on. the powerful Basque Uzcudun, from the Pyrenees, fought the huge negro prize fighter Godfrey. The Basque weighed 195 pounds, the ne gro 235 pounds, the negro winning. To this Uzcudur., member of a strange race of origin unknown, all men look alike. Our high spirited white American fighters, whose ring time is worth $500 a second, are more cautious. It would take a steel cable to drag one of those priceless gentlemen into the ring with a negro even smaller than Godfrey, unless it were certain that he had been paid to “lie down.” that he couldn't fight, or that disease had rendered him powerless. ll may ue ieptaicu ulai a miiau sized gorilla could takp Uzcudun. Godfrey, Dempsey and Tunney at their best, all four together, and pick them to pieces at leisure. Pope Pius in a ceremony honoring the memory of the venerable Elisa - betta Mora, refers to the immodesty in dress of some modern women as “insults to the eyes of God and cause for temptation or distrust in the ej'es of the world." That is no exaggeration. It took women a million years to learn to dress modestly. They overdid it with their veils, hoop skirts, bustles, etc. Now they are rapidly going the other wav. A stronge. daring sex. The late Albert Brisbane, more than 80 years old, suggested that large apartment houses with central heating plants and water automatic ally distributed should be built as an improvement on "the Isolated house hold.” Some, old fashioned, who knew little, did not mind seeing their wives carry water from the pump, said. “Americans will never live herded together." Now Dr. Albert E. Douglass of the University of Arizona, exploring the Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico, finds an early American nouse about 1,000 years old. that housed 2,000 early Americans. Dr. Douglas can tell by rings in trees that have grown up since its abandonment, how old the apart ment house is. Mrs. Eva Dugan, aged 50, convicted of killing a man in Arizona, must be sentenced to hang. Arizona has never hanged a wo man. Will that state officially kill its first, woman in 1928? A woman of 50 can be disposed of with safety to the public, without submitting the state to the degradation of choking an old woman to death. It should be difficult to find, in Arizona, any man willing to undertake that job. Miss Fannie May Davis, one of many interesting religious workers who make California better and brighter, dies, leaving to her relatives “the priceless memory of companion ship with me.” and leaving $15,000. 000 to a gentleman friend. Isaac J. Isaac=on. Her will says that giving rne money to Mr. Isaacsrn is “not an act of human mind but a direct or der from Providence.” A wise judge will investigate that statement. Sever, men and six women were en gaged in an interesting train robbery in Chicago. ‘‘Limpy Charlie” Cleaver drank too much and talked too much. He Is in jail, and a criminal lawyer is held, accused of planning and di recting the crime. The police at** hunting a politician also involved. It was a typical well thought out crime, netting (133.000 The lawyer and politician make it worth mentioning. - +»—■■ Q What did the Indians use to scent or perfume smoking tobacco? J. L. H A. Kinnikinnick. an Algonquian word signifying "mixed by hand,” is used to designate a mixture of to bacco with some other plant, either for the purpose of imparting a more pleasant odor or to reduce its strength, as the trade tobacco alone is commonly too strong to suit the fancy of the Indian. Among the western tribes tobacco ordinarily used by mixing with it gum. sumac, and bearberry. the bark, leaves, and roots of two kinds of willow, rnanzanlta leaves, Jamestown weed, touchwood, dogwood bark, arrow wood, and a va riety of other woods, barks, leaves, twigs, and even insects. A flood Start. From Passing Show Diner That voung waiter is look ing very proud today. Head Walter- Yes sir: you see ire's Just miscalculated his first bill. With or Without’ From Answers, London Entering the restaurant, the stran ger Hipped a chair with a silk hand kerchief and carefully sat down “Yes. sir? asked the waiter, putter ing the menu ' ll begin with a doten oyster* ” •aP* i lie prrctse on*s “and mind they are natives I want Hiem on the deep shell not too large and not too small1* The waiter bowed, •"Chooee them very carefully.*' went on the customer, “and be quite sure you do not bring me wny that are **ot pirn ip and fresh " ‘Ye*, sir," replied the waiter, "cer tain,* And er wilt you have Vm with pearls in rig or without- ittl” | If Back Hurts 1 Flush Kidneys Drink Plsnty of Wstsr and Tako | Class of Salta Before Break- 9 fast Occasionally When your kidneys hurt and your back feels sore, don't get scared and proceed to load your stomach with a lot of drugs that xelte the kidneys and Irritate the entire urinary tract Keep your kidneys dean like you keep your bowels clean, hy flushing them with a mild, harmless salts which helps to remove the body’s urinous waste and stimulate them to their normal activity. The function of the kidneys Is to filter the blood. In 24 hours they strain from it f>00 grains of add and waste, so we can readily understand the vital Importance of keeping the kidneys active. Drink lots of good water—you can’t drink too much; also get from any pharmacist about four ounces of .Tad Saits. Take a tahlespoonful In a glass of water before breakfast each morning for r. few days and your kid neys may then act fine. This famous salts *.s made from the add of grapes mid lemon juice, combined with Ilthln, and has been used for years to help clean and stimulate clogged kidneys; also to neutralize the adds In the system so they are no longer a source of Irritutfon, thus often relieving bladder weakness. Jad Salts Is inexpensive; cannot In jure; makes a delightful effervescent Ilthia-water drink which everyone should take now and then to help keep their kidneys dean and active. Try this; also keep up the water drinking, and no doubt you will won der what became of your kidney trou ble and backache. Names of the Months January derives its name from Janus, Latin god of ttie year; Febru ary, from Februa, itoman festival of purification; March, from Mars, god of war; April, from Aperio, meaning to open; May, from Maior (greater), month of growth; June, derived from Junius, the name of a Itoman family; July, named for Julius Caesar; Au gust, named for Augustus Caesar; September, October, November and December were the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth months of the itoman calendar, from the Roman words for the numerals. America Far in Lead The United States leads the world til the production of electric horse power, according to a survey Just completed by t lie Department of Com merce. Forty per cent of the total power of the world is generated In the United States. Similarly, with re spect to the manufacture of electrical goods, America leads, producing about 50 per cent of the world’s total. Only 2 per cent of the trees struck by lightning in national forests catch fire, but this causes 17 per cent of the forest fires. A girl never tries to extinguish the spHik as long ns a man lias money to burn. Message of Victory Likened to Caesar's Charles H. Flint, t lie New York honker whose marriage wiis recently announced, is known as "the father of the trusts.'’ He Is, In fact, the father of American Woolen. United States Rubber and American Chide, lie Is also, ns the “father” in the title might suggest, a great friend of children, anti he possesses a store of anecdotes of childhood. “We all know,” lie once said at a dinner, “Caesar’s famous message of victory to tlie Roman people—’I tame, I saw, I conquered.’ Well, that mes sage was wonderfully to the point, but a boy bent It the other day. ‘This boy came home from school with Ids hand cut. “‘What's tlie matter with your hand?’ ids mother asked. ‘The young Caesar puffed out his chest and answered: “'Them was darn sharp front teeth Rill Jones used to have.’ ” The Talker Sinclair Lewis, tlie novelist of at tack— Mr. Lewis nttacks ministers, doctors, small towns, everything and everybody is the hero of a story. It appears that at a dinner party lie was seated next to a movie actress whose celebrity Is greater than his own. Being an eloquent talker he naturally talked to her. He talked and talked. He had never been In better form for talking. But sudden ly the actress said: “Humph!" Everybody looked at her, and she added: “That’s n word In edgeways.” ’Ear, ’Ear! “Girl routs masher with wallop be hind the car,” says the New York Evening World. That’s hitting the male on the head, oil right.—Farm and Fireside, Somewhere In a lifetime, all the thrills have worn cut. If one has a clever son, of course, there -is a whole lot in heredity. WESTERN GIRL » STRENGTHEN ByTaking Lydia LPmkbiai| Vegetable Compound Manchester, So. Dakota.—"t a terribly weak and rau-dowa when told me E. Ptnkhaea** table Cara.yaw began takias St a# alter a «!i«tWlmi I felt better, are a fam■ ty off and live ax acre taroi, have quite deal to do doors and too®. Mb 1 was MMfci* to do anything and had to bar«* .gw#), bat after taking tho Vegctatiba Oat* pound 1 finally gained my otraac#® bach and also gained considers®** a* weight I will gladly anawor i.attw from women In regard to your owib cine."—linn. Otto J. Gnsa. R. V. at. Box 20, hlancbeeter. So. Dakota. on accoivT or kiiitokv sjtaia, muMl pm 11 at tmt p, one of !>«>?< t |u»? in*; i® M—lih l> laptrt Id Iowa. K> tabll*hea «4i yiM% < hart«* Wood. Tieer, Iowa. HARflAIN MIOItT TIMK. MwTi'rn 9 rm+m pa\ttl #tre«t. fin# rhtefe#* briwUl. bafd-Wry !#*;<( ion or tvrtvo h?m Iota. Ad #wlck J. A IlHitjff*, I.* — ._— ————» — — winctbimi wokiii hi iim; rrn.na— liiiul., Iwnt on earth lor fix' money. N«hS-. noan ami huteixmliiiri.- In a hciillhint r-M—«W wbm Inml valucn hnvr ■ com to nsoOl C M KIOI.tlKKT, VIRGINIA CITT. IISIW. SIOUX CITY PTG. CO.. NO. IS. MB*. — . ..------T Hobby's Argument tin.—That v oiium turned np Snr n«w«e nt m.v cor I. Mr.— Proli My Just shout ing Oast contempt. niy dour, for ti man ~lYr*lt l«iy in imielt money for t>no. There may he scorn for gold. MR 11kim* who have the gold lire mtro 4* think it is envy. If a man once use* porous ^:m*usi® he ia likely to become (ittimkwC *f IbeoL lb YOU KNEW all about the different grades of leather and shoemaking, yams would know that W. L. Douglas shoes are good shoea. Naturally you will judge quality by the service you get out of a pair,of shook. On that basis thousands upon thousands of men and women all over the ccnj.iww turn to Douglas for assurance of shoe quality and values that cannot be cqu*He& REMEMBER: We bought w leather before grief ad vanced and are paesing am to alt mere customers, old and new, a saving which amounts to alnsaat $ i.orn every pan. A fair and square retail price stamped on the soles of l^mgtas shoes at the factors, guaranties hemere wta * Men's IS to |8 Women’* $ S ter $d Bovs’ $4 to $5 C atalog of New Spring Styles mmeled am request. TO MERCHANTS! I f Douglas shoes »re nor sold nytiu: sawn rwrite for catalog ondftgeaci* W. L. DOUGLAS SHOE CO. 173 Spark Street. Brockton, Maas. \\/ > t ^ Why SO MAIMYaSMOKER$ have CHAIMGED TO CHESTERFIELD We STATE it as our honest belief thut the tobacco* used in Chesterfield cigarette* are of finer quality and hence of better taste than in any other cigarette at the price. Lilian A Mvm» Tuiuu)Co. • •. and ^bitt's more — THEY’RE MILD and yet THEY SATISFY!