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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (July 13, 1899)
ONE OF OUR NEIGHBORS. “Where Once the Buffalo Roamed” Is Now Formed Into Provinces# Not long since a great American writer, in an article on the ‘‘Wheat supply of Europe and America,” made the statement that to the north of the International boundary line there was only a narrow fringe of land capable of producing wheat. Another writer, replying to this, said that wheat could be successfully grown at Fort Simp son, a Hudson Bay Company’s post at the junction of the Liard and Macken zie rivers. Fort Simpson is at lati tude 62 degrees north, and is as far northwest of Winnipeg as that city is northwest of New York city. It is possible not only to raise wheat at Fort Simpson, and of a better quality than is grown in any other country, but at a point miles further north rye and oats are grown, whilst two hun dred miles still further north barley and potatoes are successfully pro duced. Nor is this very extraordinary, as will appear further on in this ar ticle. The attention that is being directed sibllities it presents to the poor man, the man of moderate means and the capitalist, will therefore be in order. To properly appreciate the enor mous extent of this territory, four hundred miles north and south and nine hundred miles east and west and embracing a narea of 360,000 square miles, let us state that if we draw a line from the northern boundary of Pennsylvania to the southern line of West Virginia, passing through Har per’s Ferry, and take all the west of that line to the Missouri river, em bracing, as well as parts of the states named, all of West Virginia, Ohio, In diana, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri and Iowa, we shall have American territory equal in extent and area, but in no wise superior, to the portion of west ern Canada under consideration. In short, there are in Canada two hundred and seventy nine thousand square miles of land for the plow not surpassed in fertility by any area of similar size on the face of the globe, and it is nearly A WESTERN CANADA WHEAT FARM. towards Western Canada at the present time and the large number who are going there for the purpose of making it their home, has been the cause of an interview with Mr. James A. Smart, the deputy minister of the interior for Canada. He Is a gentleman thor oughly posted and ready at all times to impart information concerning Canada’s resources. Mr. F. Pedley, also of Ottawa, Canada, is the superintend ent of the immigration branch, which is almost a department by itself. The result of the interview with Mr. Smart is practically embodied in the accom panying article. The extent of Canada is enormous. The distance through Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific is 3,000 miles. Its area, all told, is 3,456„383 square miles. Of this it is safe to say, there is less waste land than in any other country in the world. It Is not our purpose to say much if anything about the older provinces of Canada, as they are mostly fairly well settled. Western Canada comprises the province of Manitoba, 74,000 square miles; Brit ish Columbia, 380,000 square miles; Assinibola, 90,000 square miles; Sas ketchewan, 106,000 square miles; Al berta, 106,000 square miles; Athabaska, 104,000 square miles, to say nothing of Keewatin with about 300,000 square miles, and the unorganized territories of the northwest with over 900,000 square miles. As a grand total the area of Canada in square miles is 3, 456,383. Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Athabaska alone consti tute a region larger than all Russia in Europe. Time w’as when it was to the interest of the great fur dealing companies of the continent to send the impression abroad that this vast re gion was fit only for the habitation of the beaver, the buffalo and the bear, but it has been demonstrated and is now generally understood that these vast plains contain the finest wheat and grazing lands in the world. This applies not only to the comparatively well-known province of Manitoba and the districts of Assiniboia and Alberta, but to the entire region lying four all embraced within the limits herein described as western Canada. A few words as to the climate of this great country may not be out of place right here. The climate of western Canada, as described by those who have lived there for some years, is very agreeable, and much preferable to that of the east. Disease is little known; epidemics unheard of. Winter extends full three months, usually. There is little change during winter. Frosts are keen, but, the air being dry, a tempera ture of 20 degrees below zero there is more hearable than 10 degrees above in the damp and changeable climates of the east. Spring sets in about the first of April. Some seasons, however, seeding is begun early in March, the snow having entirely disappeared. Spring is quickly followed by summer, whose long days and cool nights have a very beneficent influence upon vege tation. The growth is more rapid than anywhere known in lower latitudes. The soft maple ha3 been known to grow more than five feet high in a single season. Autumn is delightful. It extends into the middle of Novem ber. Snow sometimes does not fall un til late in December. This gives the farmer the opportunity of finishing his threshing, marketing his thousands of bushels of No. 1 hard wheat, and yet leaving him sufficient time to put his land in crop for the following year. The wheat of western Canada is known to be extremely hard. The yield is al so from 30 to 50 per cent more than in the states south of the boundary line. There are natural causes for this. The further you travel towards the northern limits of its growth the better the quality of the soil. The rea son that it is bettor is because the sub soil, throughout the heat of the sum mer, is kept moist at all times by the slow melting of the deep winter frosts, the moisture thus maintained ascend ing to the surface and nourishing the roots of the grain. This stimulates the growth, keeps the plant always fresh and produces a bountiful crop. Again, just when needed, when the heads are ripening, sunshine is longer. AFTER THREE YEARS’ RESIDENCE IN ALBERTA, WESTERN CAN ADA. hundred miles northward of the Can adian Pacific Railway. To the west of this vast territory lies British Co lumbia with its innumerable rivers, rich in fish, its gold, silver and copper mines and its fertile valleys capable of producing the choicest fruits in great abundance. It is to that portion of western Canada lying between Lake Superior on the east and the Rocky mountains on the west that the attention of the agriculturists throughout the world is being directed at present and it is to that district they are looking for homes for them selves and their children, and. for the solution of problems created by the overcrowding of population in the older countries and the United States. A few authenticated facts regarding this vast region ®nd the infinite pos (WVN/WWWSAA/VS/WWWSi^/WVW Heat and sunlight are both needed to bring wheat to maturity. The great er the amount of both the better the result. From the 15th of June to the 1st of July there are nearly two hours more daylight in every twenty four in western Canada than In the State of Ohio. A great deal can be said as to the agricultural possibilities of this vast region. Lord Selkirk, at one time, prophesied that these plains and val leys would one day maintain a popu | lation of thirty million souls. And why should they not? Manitoba alone last year had nearly two million acres under crop—wheat, oats, barley, flax, and other grains and potatoes and other roots. Between sixteen and sev enteen hushels of wheat were market ed. Ninety-five per cent of the prairie i3 good wheat land. The average yield of wheat varies under different conditions. In some years the average has been over thirty bushels. Once or twice It went as low as eighteen bushels. At even the low est average, with good prices there are few Industries that will give bet ter profits. A late United States con sul, in one of his reports of harvest time, states that the entire labor of the region was found to be totally in adequate for the task before it. The wheat straw was so tall and stout and so heavily laden with grain that the work of reaping and sacking was ex tremely exhausting. The strength of the growing grain frequently broke the reaping machines, and the utmost ex ertion of strong men was required to handle the great weight of the sheaves. But while wheat is king in that re gion it is by no means the only cereal grown. The oat, barley and pea crops are phenomenal. Oats yield all the way from 60 to 90 bushels per acre. In some cases they have been known to exceed over one hundred. A delegate who visited the country reports, ‘‘One hundred bushels of oats, and sixty bushels of barley per acre were com mon crops. In one case the oats stood feet six inches high, the heads were five feet six inches long, and each chaff twelve inches long, and each chaff case contained, not one but three per fect kernels.” Barley, as stated, yields enormous ly. It is sought after by brewers ev erywhere and it brings several cents per bushel more than that grown in other countries. Peas yield splendidly. They are extremely free from bugs and grubs. Used in fattening hogs and for other feed, they are superior in ev ery way to corn. The absence of hog cholera in this country is attributed by experts to the excellent feed, corn not being used. Corn can, however, be grown, but wheat pays so much bet ter that but little attention is given to corn. In roots and vegetables, it is esti mated by all who have any knowledge of the matter in these products, this region has no competitor. Ripe toma toes may be seen in profusion in the middle of September. They have been known to ripen as early as the 1st of July. Displays of roots, vegetables, garden products are made at the agri cultural fairs that for size and quality cannot be equaled at any of the fairs in the United States. An Ohio gentle man visiting one of these fairs said lie had never seen anything in Ohio to equal it. Three cabbages together weighed one hundred and twenty pounds. These were as solid and fine grained as though they had weighed but six pounds apiece. Prize potatoes, he said weighed four pounds each; those weighing three were so plentiful that they attracted little attention. Beets, carrots, turnips, etc., also The export trade in hogs is constant ly on the increase. They come next to cattle in point of Importance to the farmer. Poultry is also very profitable, but up to the present time the local demand has absorbed the supply. The educational facilities of .the country are equal to any on the con tinent. Rural schools are about three miles apart in the settled districts, and they are tree. The government makes an annual grant to each school. This covers all. expenses, including the sala ries of the teachers, who are properly certificated. One eighteenth part of the whole of the "Fertile Belt” from Pembina to the Saskatchewan and be yond is set apart for the maintenance of schools. This is a most generous en dowment. In 1871 the school popula tion of Manitoba was 817. It is now over 50,000. In 1883 the average at tendance was 5.000; it has now increas ed to about 24.000. In 1883 there were 246 teachers; now there are over 1,100. These schools are well inspected at in tervals by competent educationalists. The average salary of the rural teach ers is $368 per year. The schools are non-sectarian and in no character na tional. In connection with educational gov ernment, experimental farms have been established in Manitoba and the territories. All the different kinds of grain, seeds, roots, vegetables, etc., that it is sought to grow in the prov ince, are sown on the varied soils that are found on these farms. The results are carefully noted and pub lished for the information and guid ance of the farming community in the different newspapers of the country. The government also sends around to the towns and villages a traveling school of dairy instructors who give lectures, accompanied by practical op erations by competent men, in all the arts of cattle raising, butter and cheese making, etc., that all may learn the best methods known without the loss of time and money to the settlers. Farmers’ institutes have also been es tablished. These, affording practical farmers the opportunity of interchang ing experiences, are of great assistance to the agricultural community. Railways now traverse all the set tled parts of western Canada. Very few farmers are more than a dozen miles from a market or railway. Rail way stations, with post offices, and ele vators for the storage of grain occur at intervals of about seven or eight miles. The only remaining territory on this continent in which ranching on a large scale can be gone into is to be found in western Canada. The District of Alberla, immediately east of British Columbia, is pre-eminently fitted for ranching. Its area is 400,000 square miles, and it extends from north to south 430 miles, and from east to west 250 miles. The opportunities offered here in this respect are unparalleled by any other country in the world. The country is open, rolling and well wa FARMERS’ TEAMS AT A WESTERN CANADA FAIR. grow to an exceptionally large size. Watermelons have been known to weigh as much as seventy-five pounds, iltrons twenty-five pounds. Experimental tests of different va rieties of grains and roots have been made for the purpose of gaining infor mation as to their productiveness and usefulness. The results of these tests For three consecutive years are given below: In oats, of twelve varieties tested, the iverage yield at the Manitoba Experi mental farm was 75 bu., 20 lbs., per acre; at the Northwest Territory’s farm the average was 85 bu., 23 lbs. per acre. In two-rowed barley, of six varie ties, the average yield at the Manitoba farm was 42 bu., 31 lbs., per acre; at the northwest Territory’s farm 66 bu., 26 lbs. per acre. In six -rowed barley, six varieties, the average Manitoba farm yield was 51 bu., 1 lb. per acre; at the North west Territory’s farm 60 bu., 6 lbs., per icre. ! In spring wheat twelve varieties, the iverage yield at the Manitoba farm was 35 bu., 28 lbs., per acre; at the Northwest Territory’s farm 41 bu., 11 lbs., per acre. In potatoes, twelve varieties, the av erage at the Manitoba farm was 343 pu., 50 lbs., per acre; at the North west Territory’s farm 300 bu., 15 lbs., per acre. Wild fruits, strawberries, raspber ries, currants, gooseberries, grapes, plums, cherries, and cranberries grow n great abundance. Dairying in all parts of western Can lda is a specially important industry, md has made great strides during re pent years. The butter which has Found its way to the east and the English markets was found to be of pxcellent quality and in some cases su perior to its competitors. Mixed farming pays well through put the region. Horses and cattle ! thrive well on the prairies. Almost all classes of high bred cattle are to be seen. Beef export is very large, but it Is now expected that the mining dis trict of British Columbia and the Yukon will create a splendid home market. The quality of the beef is the richest, and the cost of production is reduced to a minimum the profits are k’ery large. Frequently an animal will bring from $30 to $50, which did not post the farmer or rancher more than i few dollars. This is most especially the case in the great ranching district pf Alberta, where the herds roam the ranges throughout the year. The country is peculiarly adapted to sheep raising, and it is found very re munerative. tered. The valley and beach lands pro duce a most luxurious and nutritious growth of native grass. Cattle, horses and sheep graze outside the whole year. The snowfall is light, qnd it is melted almost as it falls by the warm Chinook winds which blow from the Pacific ocean. Profits are large. Steers cost ing the owners but a few dollars each bring from $35 to $45 on the ranges. Heretofore the cattle have been ex ported, but with the opening of the British Columbia Yukon mining re gions, there Is a large and constantly growing market right at home. The northern part of Alebrta, in ad dition to being a ranching country, has large deposits of minerals. It is also heavily wooded as well as well watered. In all Canada laws are enforced with the strictest impartiality. There is no such a thing known in Canada as mob law and lynching, not even in its most remote districts. The peace lover and the law breaker both know that the laws of the land will be enforced, and they govern themselves accordingly. . It is not alone in agriculture or stock raising that Canada fiffers un equaled opportunities to the young or middle aged man. Its fisheries are the richest in the world. Its number less rivers and lakes, as well as it3 sea line, teem with fish of all kinds. Brit ish Columbia salmon is famed the world over. British Columbia has enormous for ets of timber. This province is one of the finest fruit growing regions in the world, while in its valleys there are large areas of agricultural lands open for settlement. In mining Canada promises to equal, if not eclipse,any other country. Brit ish Columbia mines have made for the province a reputation that any country might be proud of. In fact, the entire region from the boundary line north to the arctic circle, and from the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains to the Pacific ocean, appears to be an inex haustible deposit of minerals of all kinds. The Klondike region, almost wholly In western Canada, is known throughout the whole civilized world today. Three years ago it was quite unknown. The output this year is ex pected to reach the magnificent sum of twenty million dollars in gold. Com petent authorities believe that the out put will be doubled each recurring year, for years to come. There is no other country offering the great opportunities for either the poor man, the moderately rich man, or the capitalist as western Canada af fords. Millions of acres are ready for the plow. Some of it free, and the rest of it at a very low price per acre. A company of wandering; comedians have been acting at Prremysl a play entitled, "Captain Dreyfus." The pub lic followed with such interest the action of the drama that several of the spectators waited for "Henry” and "Esterhazy” as they left the theatre, and cudgeled the two miscreants. The two artists who had sustained the parts of the Uhlan and the forger were conducted back to their lodging in a pitiable state by the police. And now who will give them compensa tion? Poverty may be necessary to starve our passions. It takes an honest man to discover other honest men in the world. Hall's Catarrh Cars Is taken internally. Price, 75c. Little men measure themselves by rach other; Great men by the Golden Rule. I know that my li.'o was saved by Peso’s Cure for Coustunpiion.—John A. Miller, Au Sable, Michignu, April 21, 18V5. There can be no peace in the heart while wo aro fighting against the will of God. FITS FemtsnentlyCured. No (Its ornervousnessafter Hist d*ys u.e of Dr. Kiln*'* limit Nerve Itcstoier. Semi for FKKK tilsl bottle and treatise. Ua. 1(. H. Rush, Ltd., Kill An.li St., 1 hlladvlphla, Pa. Some preachers aim to make plain things mysteries, instead of making mysteries plain. Mr*. Winslow's (toothing Syrup. Fat-children teething, sotteustbe mints, reduces ti? Qauiuiatlon. allays pain, cures wind colic. Hoc a botila No man after missing a target can heartily congratulate another who hits it. Faultlrss Starch. Best and goes farthest, gives stiffness and elasticity. No sticking, blistering or break ing. Every grocer soils it, nearly every body uses it. 10c a package. You can nearly always Judge a man’s character by what he thinks laugh able. Are Yoa Using Allen's Fuot-EnifT It is the only cure for Swollen, Smarting, Burning, Sweating Feet, Corns and Bunions. Ask for Allen’s Foot-Ease, a powder t.o be shaken into the shoes. At all Druggists and Shoo Stores, 25c. Sample sent FREE. Ad dress, Allen S. Olmsted. LeRoy, N. Y. It's hard to be grateful to those who fight your battles for you and get licked. Kdurnfe Your Uoivrla. Your bowels can be trained as well as your tnut <den or your brain, t'a.earets candy Caibarttc cleanse and purlly your body Inside. All druu trlsts, llJc, iMc, 5oe. The man who races for wealth al ways finds himself out of breath at the finish. CRITICAL PERIODS In Woman’s Life Are Made Dan gerous by Pelvic Catarrh. Mrs. Mathilde Richter, Doniphan, Neb., says: “I suffered from catarrh for many years, but since I have been taking Pe ru-na I feel strong aiyl well. I would Mrs. Mathllde Richter, advise all people to try Pe-ru-na. As I used Pe-ru-na and Man-a-lin while I was passing through the change of life, I am positively convinced your beneficial remedies have relieved me from all my ills." Pe-ru-na has raised more women from beds of sickness and set them to work again than any other remedy. Pelvic catarrh i3 the bane of woman kind. Pe-ru-na is the bane of catarrh in all forms and stages. Mrs. Col. Hamilton, Columbus, O., says: “I rec ommend Pe-ru-na to women, believing It to be especially beneficial to them.” Send for a free book written by Dr. Hartman, entitled "Health and Beau ty." Address Dr. Hartman, Columbus, Ohio. Remember that cholera morbus, cholera infantum, summer com plaint, bilious colic, diarrhoea and dysentery are each and all catarrh of the bowels. Catarrh is the only correct name for these affections. Pe-ru-na Is an absolute specific for these ailments, which are so com mon in summer. Dr. Hartman, in a practice of over forty years, never lost a single case of cholera infan tum, dysentery, diarrhoea, or chol era morbus, and his only remedy was Pe-ru-na. Those desiring fur ther particulars should send for a free copy of "Summer Catarrh.” Address Dr. Hartman, Columbus, O. The beet white rose for cemetery planting is Madame Plantier. It is a vnrteyt of somewhat slender growth, and on this account is sometimes termed a half-climebr. But it re quires no trellis, being much more graceful when allowed to train itself than when given a support of any kind. It throws up a great number of stalks, on which great quantities of milk-white double flowers are borne in clusters during June and July. Your work will be divine in the measure in which you see the possible Christ in ail. Miss Lockheart’s LETTER TO MRS. PINKHAM. [LETTER TO MRS. riNKHAM NO. 67,104! “ I cannot express ray gratitude to you for the good that Lydia E. Pink ham's Vegetable Compound has done for me. I have taken five bottles of the Compound and two boxes of Liver Pills and feel better in every respect. I had suffered for years with dropsy; the veins in my limbs burst, caused from the pressure of the water. I had the worst kind of kidney trouble, faint ing spells, and I could not Btand long at a time. ’ 1 also had femalo weakness and the doctor said there was a tumor in my left side. The pains I had to stand were something dreadful. A friend handed me a little book of yours, so I got your medicine and it has saved my life. I felt better from the first bottle. The bloating and the tumors have .*•11 gone and I do not suffer any pain. I am still using the Vegetable Compound and hope others may find relief as I have done from its use.”— Miss N. J. Lockukaht, Box 10, Eijza detii, Pa. Only tho women who have suffered with female troubles can fully appre ciate the gratitude of those who have been restored to health. Mrs. Pinkham responds quickly and , withoutchargctoall letters from suffer- 1 mg women. Her address is Lynn, Mass. cuts: DANDRUFF:: UP tho skin. Koapi i*ml other wound* nr sdres on fr nn ___ or beast. are quickly healed with out near and with no danger of blood poison when Lee's i iertnor.oue I* used. I»ox of 1*» samples and booklet mailed postpaid for 10 oanta. ■BA7f»|U| A totter, salt rheum, and other skin dla toa U&ullfdfQ) IMP CM yield Immediately to treatment Ur "ith Lees(iermosone. Don't waste time and tem per with soaps. ointment*, and blood purl flora, tier niosoue la all-aufllelcnt, InexjKmslve, and a certain remedy. and other diseases affecting the scalp an' an easily curt'tl am any disease or ..and ointments don’t reach the spot. Oermostoncdocs. Btiimilauts have but temporary If any effect. When tho |>orcs of the scalp are clean und healthy the hair will grow. HADE EVCQ throat, or mouth, and other Inflnm vUilb Cl CO9 nmtlonsof the mucous liningof tho cavities of the body are quickly healed by use of Lee's Uon; 1 ozone, a soothing, healing, antiseptic lotion, applicable to any )>art of the skin, scalp, or mu cous membrane. RITES OF MOSQUITOES roK^i and Inflamed feet, clfaflng, and other skin disorder* peculiar to the summer season, instantly relieved and cured by use of Lee’s Uermorono. PCeiMn7nUC greatest healing __ 11 EilltiUmUIVEl agent yet discovered. is for sale by many druggists. A box of 10 sample* and booklet will l»e sent |M>*tpahl for 10 sent* by the m&nufuctuivrs, Qao. M. Lae Chemical Co., Omaha, Neb., or 00 Murray St., Now Verb, or a full-slse pockogu postpaid for BO oente. I EE’S Ui lK for s THE JUDGES OP CARTER S INK are the inters. More uaera of it than any other. Why? THE BEST I Coats YOU no moro than tha poorest I ■UUIHD BAILEY, Leading.enlist. < I6ib aud Farnam Sts., Omaue.' Finest wirk. lowe.l price. ” , Teeth extracted without psln. ...... Carriage Co. show tho largest assortment of fine St u 11)1 ope a. ltunubouls. Phaeton*, Surrey., 4 and 6 pn.«engcr Dnckboards Inlbe city of Omaha. Secondhand bargain. In city vehicle. Call ami look over our variety. Eigh teenth and Harney .tree!., opp. Court Hou.e. V Ad HUME TBiATMENTS^SrttSV* amlnnlloup. toirglcal operation, and ho.pllal. un nccc-sary. The nhllorophy of the treatment la explained In the ‘'vinyl Message” aent by mall to anv address. Vl.tVl COM PAX V, *4tt Be« lliilldlng. Omaha. WANTED—Caae of had ueaitn that RIP-A-NS Will not benefit. Bend 5 oents lo Klpant Chemical Co.. New York, for 10 aamiilea and 1,000 testimonials. ?TheBig4 1 4 u»e iratm •■▼era end. The Dixie Columbia .„ver. „a Grain Threshers, c£$tn « The matchless £J8&JrSS£ Clover Huller, KHatffe ncA.& T.Farm “^v,lUI Traction Engines, ffUSSR The A. & T. F* np to d*t« end **• ■ true,marketable Saw-Wills lumber. MANUPACTUIICO BY . /,} The Anltm&n & Taylor Machinery Co., OMAHA, NEBR. i M&a ror tr— Uluatratod Catalog** and mention this papa; — k . .. W. N. U. OMAHA. No. 28—1899 OXYGEN THE POTENT ELIXIR OF LIFE rhe Element That Thrills Through All the Universe of Animated Existence and fills the World with Health, Joy and Happiness. Oxygen, applied by means of the “PERFECTED OXYGENOR KING," will banish every 111 to which flesh is heir. Oxygen Is the most abundant of all the Elementary Substances; yet man has been slow to utilize this most valuable property—this health-giving force that fills the air. Scientific Re search has unlocked the Mystery which enshrouded It. The Wonderful Discov ery, whereby all disease may be conque red by flooding the patient's system with copious streams of this rich life-giving element in free atmospheric form. The Oxygenor Is an Instrument sold for self- use, and by correct application makes its possessor master of disease. Its tlm ely application will cause you to get well as easy as you got sick. Its field of usefulness covers every known com plaint In the category of disease. It cures without medicine or electricity, with the oxygen of the air, and oftlmes Intangibly. It enables mankind to utilize a benign law of Nature. The Oxygenor causes the body to rapidly absorb the Oxygen of the nir through the skin and membranes, which creates the most heroic functioning of every organ of the body; which purifies, en riches and vitalizes the blood, and destroys Bacteria, Bacilli and all diseasa germs. Write for descriptive book. „ ... , » NEBRASKA OXYGENOR C0„ 4" "iSK'S:”'"'