DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
Ilow SueceMfnl rurinrni Operate This
Mepnrtmeut of the Fur in—A Few lllnt*
a* to tb© Car© of Ltvo Stock and
Poultry*
0 THOSE WHO
buy their bacon I
have a word to say,
wrlte3 a correspon
dent of Rosenberg
Progress. During
the late snow storm
1 was confined In
Houston at a hotel
where thero was a
number of gentle
men from the west
ern states wno uaa
como down to Texas to take a look
at the sunny south, many of them with
a view to making It their future home
If they were pleased with tho soil,
climate and people.
While thero I fell Into conversation
.with a man that I took for a preacher
from the state of Iowa. He told me
'he was a farmer—fed hogs, cattle,
etc. I asked him what was the host
breed of hogs to raise. He said they
had tried all breeds, and that It was the
rule of his country to raise tho hog that
would always keep fat. I asked him
his reason for that. He said: "We do
that because we have to ship and sell
to save ourselves as soon as the hog
cholera strikes them, or wo would In
,*11 probability lose all the hogs wo have
or are feeding." I asked him if he
could find sale for a herd of hogs that
had cholera. "Oh, yes," he said, “the
board of health of Chicago decided that
the meat of hogs that died of cholera
was all right.” He said that the buy
ers would take every hog and pig that
was alive when they reached the mar
ket and pay the ruling prices for them,
“MAIDEN,” AN ENGLISH SHORTHORN—FARMERS’ REVIEW.
and the ones that had died In transit
they paid half price for (pretending
they were to bo used as soap grease,
etc.). This statement of the old man
called tho attention of western men
present, who were disposed to take is
sue with him on the fact. In other
.words, his veracity was assailed, which
seemed to mortify him greatly, and he
publicly asserted that all that he had
said to mo was true, and he thought ho
could substantiate it in the city. I said
to the party of gentlemen present, if
this fact was known to our farmers
they would raise their own meat rather
than eat meat that had died or was sick
With cholera when butchered.
' I know from observation, that when a
hog dies of the cholera be turns per
fectly red, and I further know that I
have taken large sides of bacon out (the
boxes of bacon we buy) that was per
fectly red, which makes me believe
hvery word the old Iowa man said was
true, and such meat as I described died
of cholera.
| I have diverged a little from my
story: The old Iowa man was stirred
up considerably. In a short time he
came back to me with a gentleman of
his acquaintance, who said he had
bought thousands of hogs in Chicago
and that every word he said was true,
and intimated that the dead hogs
bought for soap grease went through
the same channel that the live ones did,
and eventually landed in the bacon
box with the others.
I Now, I appeal to the farmers of Fort
Bend county to know if you are still
going to buy such bacon as I have de
j scribed when you have a country far
superior to the West to raise your own
meat in. We must wake up to our own
interest, and sell instead of buy bacon.
Pointers to Shippers.
Keep pregnant stock at home.
Don’t ship in any diseased, badly
„ bruised or emaciated stock.
r': Don’t load your cars too heavily, es
pecially of hogs or sheep, though in fact
of any class of live stock.
Watch out and don’t ship In any
stock that has sores, abscesses or other
indication of unsounduess or unwhole
soweness. -
1 The government inspectors are “the
goblins that will get you if you don’t
1" watch out” and keep back unsound, dis
eased. or far advanced pregnant ani
mals.
■ neveare of the calves you ship in.
H Anything on the “Bob” or “Deacon” or
y " der—that is, less than one week old or
weighing under 75 pounds—is pretty
sure to be thrown out and find its way
into the tank.
1 Don’t ship any scabby sheep to mar
ket, as they are very liable to be con
demned. Bamby ewes should also be
held back, as where they are pretty far
advanced they cannot be sold, under
the new inspection rules, and will
either have to go back into the country
or be slaughtered, and in all probabil
ity condemned here,
i Don’t load too many hogs In one car.
Disregard of this rule ts being seen
every day In the number of dead hogs
strewn along the unloading chutes. As
the weather gets warm hogs must bo
loaded to prevent crowding. As high
ns twenty dead hogs have been taken
from n single car this week, because of
carelessness in loading. Give the hogs
room. Give them also some good clean
straw to lie in.
The government force began Its rigid
inspection May 1. They will throw out
all animals considered not fit for hu
man food. This will Include calfy cows,
piggy sows, and lamby ewes that pre
pretty far advanced; scabby sheep,
shelly canners, cholera pigs, lumpy
Jaws, badly bruised stock of all kinds;
thin, wasted sheep, "busted pigs,” etc.
Everything on this order will be held
out, passed upon by veterinarians, and
if not passed or condemned may be sent
back to the country. Condemned stock
will be at once tanked.—Live Stock Re
port, Chicago.
Ksrly Work on Lire.
I It la the first work of the season that
I saves labor lator on. Lice do not come
spontaneously. They are living creat
ures that multiply, and unless there is
a source from which they can come
there will be no lice. They do not in
crease very rapidly while the weather
Is cold, but Just as soon as the warm
season opens they become millions In
a short time. It Is much easier to de
stroy a few, and keep lice In check,
than to get rid of them after they be
gin to swarm In every crack and crev
ice, and on the walls, roosts and floors.
Every reader knows what the kerosene
emulsion Is. Twice a week give the
poultry house a thorough saturation
with it until warm weather comes, and
the lice will then be about finished, and
as a safeguard spray the house once
a week thereafter. An excellent pre
ventive is lime. Scatter It freely on the
walls. Use the air-slacked lime, and ap
ply It liberally. Rub a little melted
lard well Into the feathers of the heads
and necks occasionally, to destroy the
large gray lice on the heads. By keep
ing down the pests that prey on the
hens the number of eggs will be more
than doubled.—Ex.
Barrcli for Chicken Coops.
Every poultry raiser has used old
barrels as coops. But most of them
have employed them merely for nests
at night, laying the barrel down on Its
side, putting In a handful of straw, and
a brick on each side to keep it from
rolling. This plan is good enough
when there are no rats or cats around,
or when the fowls are allowed the
range of the farm. In fact in the east
it is common practice to fix up such a
barrel, drive down a stake twenty or
more feet from it, and tie a string to
the hen, protecting the leg with a
piece of cloth. The fowls soon get
used to being tied, and thus the hen
and her brood are kept oft the gardens.
But this is not an ideal way, nor do
we wish to recommend it. The illus
tration here given shows a barrel ar
ranged to keep in the old hen and per
mit her chicks to run at will. The bar*
rel Is separated Into two parts by
; nailing down the hoops onto the
’ staves where the separation is to be
| made. Then sawing the hoops gives
; two coops. Care should be taken to
! make this separation at a point on the
! barrel where the bottom will split
! lengthwise of the grain. The pieces of
lath in front may be nailed onto the
barrel or driven into the ground.
The second illustration shows how
to make even a better pair of coops
from a single barrel. The staves are
marked on the barrel about three
I inches from each other, that is, the
I marks on each alternate stave will run
I round the barrel In a line. The saw
! ing of these will give two ends like the
I one seen in the illustration. In sawing
I these barrels it would be well not to
have the alternate openings all around
the barrel, ns they would let in too
much cold at nights, besides wind and
dust. When there are but few openings
they can be turned to the side to get
the sun or away from the sun as de
sired; aim, to avoid wind. Besides It
is easier to shut up a few openings at
nights and keep out rats.
Grain In tha Cow'i Rations.
In the report of a New York farmers’
meeting notice the following: “Prof.
Robinson of Ontario is reported as say
ing tiiat no cow should be fed more
than eight pounds of cotton seed meal a
day. The cow will not respond to more
than that. If the digestive organs of
the cow are strained, she is injured per
manently. I have visited several sta
bles in Orange county, recently, and in
every one I detected a smell that show
ed plainly to me that the cows were
being fed too much grain. It had
passed undigested and had fermented.
One should watch the droppings to see
If the grain is all being digested. Very
many dollars are lost by over-feeding.
Then, too, one cow pays for her food
in the milk pall; another one, turns her
foods into fat. One cow will eat, di
gest and assimilate a certain amount
of grain, another will not, while an
other will eat and pay for more. Indi
viduality of the animal must be stud
ied by the feeder, in order to rationally
feed a herd of dairy cows. All these
conditions must be considered when
answering the question just as the price
of milk is considered. The manurial
value of a food must also be consid
ered in calculating the worth of a food
for the dairy cow.”
Now, while the conclusions drawn are
quite correct, yet farmers must use care
in feeding all grains, especially cotton
s’eed meal. As shown by an article In
the Farmers’ Review two weeks ago,
the feed should be small at first and
gradually increased.
The Cow and Prosperity.—"You show
me a community of farmers who are
largely interested in the dairy industry
and I will show you a community of
prosperous and happy people, no mort
gages on their farms, plenty of money,
children properly educated and all en
joying the luxuries of life. Hard times
do not materially affect them. On the
other hand, in a community where the
cow la left out or is of secondary consid
eration, where they keep but a few and
those not half cared for, picking their
own living in the winter from corn
flelds or straw stacks, where they
make little butter and trade it at the
stores for groceries, kick at the cream
ery, claim it does not pay to keep
cows, and I feel sure it does not for them,
and I will show you a community that
is continually growling about the times,
this or that administration,” etc.—Prof.
T. L. Haecker.
Poultry Products Last Year.—Poul
try statistics for 1894 give eggs to the
: value of $102,000,000, and poultry $50,
i 000,000, or a total of 152 million dollars.
Oats and cotton are given at about
$200,000,000; tobacco about the same as
eggs, while the whole mining Interest
of gold, silver, iron, etc., only aggre
gates $265,000,000, and wheat a trifle
i more than $280,000,000. Our poultry in
terest is just in its Infancy, and will
rapidly increase and become an import
ant source of income for American
farmers.
Sugar Feeding.—The results of ex
periments in the use of molasses and
sugar in the feeding of cattle made at
the sugar factory at Libnowes, Austria,
are given by Mons. Vivien in Le Fer
mer. The trials extended over 30 days.
Twelve beasts had added to their usual
rations, for 7 days, 21b. 3 oz. of molasses
per day; for the following 15 days, 3 lb.
4 oz., and for the last 8 days, 4 lb. 6 oz.
The average weight of each beast be
fore the experiment was 1120 lb., and
after the experiment 1204 lb., being a
gain of 84 lb. per head, or a total of
1008 lb. This is equivalent to a daily
gain per head of over 2 lb. 9 oz. Twelve
other beasts were experimented on at
the same time, and fed in the same
way as the former, except the molasses.
In 30 days they increased 784 lb., corre
sponding to 65 1-3 lb. per head, or an
average of nearly 2 lb. 3 oz. per head
per day. As to the profits, the net gain
was calculated to nearly a dollar per
head in favor of the molasses-fed ani
mals.
The Grass and Hay Ration—A good
quality of grass, or of the grasses, is
considered to be one of the best and
most perfect rations for milch cows
during the summer season; hence, who
ever keeps a dairy, will consult his
own interests in securing the best pas
tures possible by proper improvement
for this purpose. Reasoning from the
same standpoint the farmer should en
deavor to produce the best quality of
hay for winter feeding. Especially is
this desirable wheae cows are milked
a part or the whole of the winter sea
son. Other crops will be needed foi
this purpose, but hay made from grass
will continue to have its appropriate
place. And this should be in quality
as near grass as the conditions will al
low it to be made.—Ex. _. _.
GRAND OLD PARTY.
LIVING TRUTHS ABOUT PRO
TECTIVE SYSTEM.
The Prosperity Not Duo to Silver Agi
tation, but to the Advent of the
New Republican Congress and a High
Tariff.
According to the report of the senate
committee appointed to inquire into the
low prices' of cotton, there appears to
be such difference of opinion on the
part of cotton raisers as to what the
cost of producing the -raplo really is
that the committee refrained from mak
ing a report upon that part of the sub
ject matter. Some of the experts who
were examined placed the cost as low as
3 cents per pound, others declared that
cotton could not be produced at less
than 8 cents at a safe profit. These opin
ions cannot affect the conditions sur
rounding the price of the staple in this
country, but there is a factor now oper
ating which is depressing to the prices
of cotton in the American market, and
that is the free entry of Indian and
Egyptian cottons.
The introduction here of Egyptian
cotton has well nigh destroyed the Sea
Island cotton industry on the coast of
the South Atlantic states, and now the
short staple, or upland, cottons of the
United States will have to meet the
low-priced short staples of India, not
only on the Liverpool markets, but also
in our own markets. The importations
of these cottons have steadily increased
and we have now the report of the de
partment at Washington showing the
receipt of 14,882,562 pounds for January
and February, against 4,807,8 S$ pounds
for the corresponding months in 185)4.
The attention of the South has been di
rected to this menace time and again,
not only by the protective press but
also by certain southern papers, among
them the Charleston News and Cou
rier of South Carolina. The evils of the
situation cannot now be neutralized in
any way that we can see, but the next
congress could levy a sufficient duty on
raw cottons to give some measure of
protection to thi3 depressed and un
profitable industry. There are over
ten million of our people directly and
indirectly interested in the cultivation
of cotton. They must have protection
if they need it.—American Economist.
Beef and Reciprocity.
The recent worry and fret over the
beef situation could have been settled
in the twinkling of an eye if the rec
iprocity of the McKinley law had been
incorporated in our present nondescript
tariff act. It was the design of the
friends of reciprocity to apply this
principle so as to admit free, with
compensating benefits from other coun
tries, such articles or things as were
not produced by ourselves in sufficient
quantities for the domestic consump
tion. Under the McKinley reciprocity
clause in the act of 1890 the president
could at any time remove the duty up
on any article, and at the same time,
by treaty, enlarge our exportation of
such commodity as the country with
whom the reciprocal relation was es
tablished should want. In case of the
possible inability of our own cattle
raisers to supply the domestic demand
the exercise of such powers by the ex
ecutive, did they exist, would be most
effective. Supplies could be drawn
from Argentina, Mexico, and Canada,
and for the privilege extended to these
countries privileges would have been
obtained in return.
Spread tlie Light.
Manufacturers and other people en
gaged in industrial pursuits, either as
wage earners of employes, possess
much valuable information concerning
Protection, which should not be lost,
They know the difficulties which beset
home manufacturers until, under the
tariff of 1891 they became firmly estab
lished. They can recall how greatly
the country depended on foreign goads,
in their respective lines, until the
manufacture at home of like products
drove the imported articles out of the
market and gave free scope to Ameri
can skill and enterprise.
They can tell from actual experience
how even the money price of home
made wares and fabrics has been re
duced under Protection, so that many
commodities of large consumption have
been sold at less than foreign goods of
like quality, because the commodities
in question were protected by a proper
tariff and were made by well-paid
workmen. Our manufacturers can also
give interesting information concern
ing their export trade, showing how
American goods can find their way into
foreign markets, or whatever obstacles
there may be to prevent them. De
tails such as these should be recorded
diligently and sent to the newspapers
for publication. They will servo as
cogent arguments for Protection, will
prove that it has fulfilled the promises
that were made in its behalf, or will
show what is needed to enable this.—
American Economist.
Cockcrill and the Japs.
In a recent interview in Japan be
tween Colonel Cockerill of the Herald
and Count S. Okuma, ex-minister
of finance, the statesman said: “For a
time our young men who were sent
abroad returned to us with an inclina
tion toward the Manchester school—
that is to 3ay, those who gave politi
cal economy any sort of investigation
were inclined to be Free-Traders. To
day we have a very large and intel
ligent class turning toward Protection.'’
Count Okuma, who is a Free-Trader,
also said: “Our cotton mills and silk
factories, iron and steel works, etc.,
with our cheap and skillful labor will
enable us to enter any market In the
world.” The candor of the Japanese
ex-minister is refreshing. The com
placency with which he speaks of
.“cheap labor" stamps him as a con
firmed Free-Trader. It also stows the
extent cf the conpctttion that Ameri
can labor must be called upon to meet
under a Free-Trade policy in the Unit
ed States.
More Gold Goan?.
The New York papers have been filled
with long lists of passengers who are
leaving our shores to travel in Europe
during the summer months. It is also
said that a very large number of re
cently arrived Immigrants are hurrying
back home again, to such an extent
that the steamship companies have ad
vanced their passenger rates. Each
fare paid by these returning Immi
grants is so much money for a foreign
steamship company and taken out of
the country. Every American visiting
Europe for pleasure takes hundreds of
dollars out of the country. This, of
course, they have the right to do. The
money Is their own to spend where
they please. But we respectfully sub
mit to those who contemplate passing
the present summer season in Europe
that they should pause and consider
how much or how little they know,
and have seen of this country, and if
there are not some points of interest
in the United States which they might
visit with considerable advantage to
themselves, seeing sights and scenes
that exist nowhere else in the world.
By doing this they would lose nothing,
they would have a good outing, they
would be able to talk more intelli
gently about their own country and
they would have the further satisfac
tion of knowing they had materially as
sisted in circulating their money
among their fellow-citizens at a time
when it was needed. Patriotic Ameri
cans should travel through the United
States.—Ex.
_
A Few Things.
Sheep slaughtered by millions, be
caus'e wool ha3 been made free: the
price of beef advancing: a Portland
(Oregon) syndicate buying three thou
sand horses with an Intention to intro
duce horse meat to American con
sumers; Edward Atkinson running
about the country giving demonstra
tions of methods of preparing 15-cent
dinners and recommending to
poor people the use of shin beef and
oleomargarine; women doing men’s
work in the tin plate mills In western
Pennsylvania; foreigners leaving the
country as fast as others come in, and
the treasury of the United States un
able to stand by itself, but propped
up by British bankers—these things in
dicate what we have come to and fore
shadow what we are coming to under
the domination of American affairs by
British ideas.—The Manufacturer,
April 27, 1895.
Protection for Sujjar.
Thank God, men. of greater caliber
will henceforth shape the destinies of
the Republic—men who believe in Pro
tection as a principle, and who will
take care of all our great interests,
sugar included! They know how the
foreign industry has been built up;
they also know that to make this coun
try prosper they must do as our cousins
across the sea have done—stimulate
home industries. That can and will be
done, either by a bounty or an in
creased duty on sugar (the latter being
now rendered most probable by the de
feat of the income tax), and when such
wise legislation Is determined upon we
do not believe that even the veto of
a Democratic president—the la3t of his
line—can stay the popular demand for
home protection against bounty fed,
artificially stimulated Industries.—The
Sugar Planters' Journal, New Orleans,
La., April 13, 1895.
T7ie Tallow Trade.
The tallow market of the world ap
pears to be closed, our exports of
American tallow In March being 1,300
000 pounds less than in March, 1894.
How fs this? The same is the case
with oleomargarine, the foreigners
buying nearly 6,000,000 pounds less
from us last March. This, however,
has not improved the demand for
American butter, our exports of but
ter having fallen off by 1,300,000 in the
month; so the question arises: What
are the foreignei-3 eating? No oleo
margarine, no tallow, no butter. There
.was no contract that the markets of the
world should be closed against our
products.
How Lovers Ilelmve In Fiction.
Some one with nothing else to do
has investigated the way in which 100
men in fiction are represented as pro
posing. Seventy-two hold the lady's
hand, seventeen hold it very tightly,
fourteen have lumps in their throat,
and nine exclaimed aloud; “Thank
heaven!’’ Only seven out of the 100
declare themselves to be deliriously
happy, and five are too full for utter
ance. Three out of 100 stand on their
feet when they make a proposal, and
two go down on one knee, while nine
make a formal prelude—something like
the slow music in the play, when the
villain appeals to heaven to witness
the consuming flame of his affections
for the heart he plots to ruin. The
behavior of the lady under the circum
stances is equally entertaining anu in
structive. Out of 100 cases 81 sink into
the arms of the gentleman, sixty-eight
rest their heads on the geu
tleman’s breast, and only one
sinks into the arms of a
chair; eleven clasp their arms around
the gentleman’s neck, six weep teai-3
of joy silently, and forty-four weep
tears aloud—whatever that means;
seventy-two have eyes full of love, and
nine out of 100 rush from the room
and tell everybody. Only four are great
ly surprised and eighty-seven out of
100 knew that something was coming.
Five giggle hysterically, and one even
sneezes. Only one of 100 struggles not
to be kissed, while six kiss gentlemen
first.
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