The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965, May 30, 1895, Image 6
DAffiY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. Bow Sueceeaftil Farmer* Operate This Department of the Farm—A Few Hint* m to the Caro of Live Stock ami Poultry. ' HE UNITED 1 states consul at f.Chin-Klang says that tho use of in cubators In hatch ing oggB has been known and prac ticed in China for several hundred years. It is a large and profitable In dustry, but the ap paratus used is of a very primitive description, xne hatching house Is usually a long shed built ot bamboo, the walls plastered with mud and thickly thatched with straw. Along the ends and down one side of the building are a number of round straw baskets plastered with mud to prevent them taking Are. A tile forms the bottom ot each basket. Upon this the heat acts, a small fire place being below each basket. Upon the top of the basket thero Is a straw cover, which fits closely, and Is kept shut during the process. When the eggs are brought they are put in the baskets, the fire Is lighted beneath them, and a uniform heat maintained. In four or five days after the eggs have been subjected to this temporature they dealer. It does not prevent selling skim milk on account of this standard established, but provides a heavy penal ty for not marking the cans In which It lg sold, or for selling It for whole milk when It Is skimmed. Another provision that will Interest the shippers of this section Is that the contractors shall clean the cans before returning them to tho farmer. This Is a provision that would hnrdly seem necessary, yet there Is no question but what the farmers are put to an Immense amount of trouble and labor to put tho cans In condition to hold milk after they have been knocked about for several days In the summer time with milk left in them, which gets rancid and fairly decayed. The Interesting provision of this law Is the percentage of solids and fat that is provided for as standard. It would hardly seem necessary to provide so low a standard an even 3.7, but 3 per cent Is certainly giving even the poorest farmer and tho poorest cow a chance to come into the procession and be acknowledged first class.—Elgin Dairy Report. Raising Lambs on Cows' Milk. The question of raising lambs on cows' milk hus been discussed to some length In the National Stockman. Writ ing In that paper J. M. Jamison says: The first point necessary to make It a success Is to have plenty of milk, and It Is best for the lamb grower to make calculations ahead. We now have over 80 head of lambs, the oldest about two weeks old. Have lost several, but Btlll have more than a lamb to tho ewe. Have not had so much cow’s milk as we would have liked, but have saved quite a number of lambs by its use. We bought a half gallon coal oil can, changed the spout from the top to near tho bottom on one side, made end of them to suck. If such a thing Is not at hand a little cloth may be roiled up and have a strong piece of cloth tied over it anil over can spout, which will answer quite as well. To do well the lamb should he fed at least eight times a day for the first two weeks, and always on fresh milk. Aft er this it may be gradually dropped down to five or six times. When three or four weeks old may have the milk for it drawn three times a day, but for a couple of months the milk should al ways be warmed up to 100 degrees every time the lamb is fed. Outlook for Cattle. Hundred dollar steers are not eo scarce Just now as they once were in ( the markets, but none of them have | been found to be scrubs up to date, I says the Nebraska Farmer. And it is I believed that figures relative to the pro- [ ductlon of this class of cattle will show the most economical way to the manu facture of good beef. The situation is certainly one full of encouragement to the producers of high grade beef cattle. There is one thing about the cattle business that distinguishes it in a marked way from any and all other meat producing Interests. This thing is the fact that it requires years to read just an unbalanced state of affairs as to requirements of trade, whereas in the case of hogs or sheep it only requires months to do this. There is at present an acknowledged deficit In numbers of good stockers and feeders in the coun try, there is a markod shortage of fat cattle as all know, and the herds of breeding cattle throughout the entire country have suffered decimation in their ranks from the fact of unprofitable prices for young stock. All these things have been going on under the noses of breeders for years, steadily but surely SUSSEX HEIFER, A PRIZE-WINNER IN ENGLAND—FROM FARMERS’ REVIEW. are taken carefully out, one by one, to a door, in which aro n number of holes nearly the size of the eggs. They are held against these boles, and the at tendants, looking through them, are able to tell whether they are good or not. In nine or ton days after this, that is, about fourteen days from the commencement, tho eggs are taken from tho baskets and spread out on shelves. Hero no tiro heat Is applied, but they are covered over with cotton and a kind of blanket, under which they remain about fourteen days more, when the young chicks break their shells and come forth. The natives en gaged in this business know exactly the day when the young chick ens or ducks will come forth, and are ready for their arrival. They are gen erally sold two or three days after they are hatched. Some Poultry SuffR<wtlon*. A western poultry ralsor makes the following observations: The Inside arrangements of a hen house should be made movable, so that In cleaning out or whitewashing, tho nests and roosts may bo easily carried outside. A child's broom is far better to use In (whitewashing than a whitewash brush. We keep lime where our fowls can have free access to It, and almost any time in the day there may be seen one or two or more fowls picking over the lime pile. Charcoal Is another essential; the fowls need It; sharp grit they must have or they will not remain healthy very long. Many a chicken dies with chol ora. simply for the want of grit, or . gravel. I am often asked which Is best to set hens, on or above the ground. I think there is little difference where she is placed; if she has good fresh eggs and la not molested she will probably make a good hatch. A setting hen ought to haTe a nest large enough to turn around in, but not so large that she can not gather tho eggs up under her and keep them anug and warm; if a nest is so flat that the eggs keep rolling out from under the hen every time she moves, they ■ .will get chilled one at a time, and the consequence is a poor hatch. Setting v hens should be dusted heavily with in i'*. aect powder two or three times during 'if: the three or four weeks it takes her to 5! (bring off a brood of chickens, for lice cause a great uneasiness to setting hens. . Standard for Milk In MassacImsetU, The legislature of Massachusetts has In process of passage a bill providing for varying percentages of fat as a standard for different months In the year. The standard as proposed in the law is 13 per cent of total solids, with P.3 per cent of solids not fat. and 3.7 per cent of fat. Another provision of this law is that during the months of May, June, July and August the stand ard is 12 per cent of total solids with 9 per ^ent of solids not fat and 3 pm- cent of fat. , Milk inspectors are provided for, who hare the privilege of inspecting the milk shipped from the country, at the {depots, or in the possession of the spout so the rag wrapped around It un der the nipple would not slip off when tied. Buy the best rubber nipple to bp had. Cut small hole large enough' for the milk to flow freely from the can. The cow from which the milk Is taken should be as near fresh as possi ble. She should at any rate be In full {Row of milk. Do not like to use the milk from a stripper. When the weath er is very cold we pour boiling water in the can before starting to the barn, empty' water out of can and milk Into the can. This plan gives the milk to the lamb in the best possible shape, unless the lamb is taught to suck the cow. It is not a very good plan to milk the cow at all hours In the day and night, but when the can is filled from vessels at the house there Is trouble with the cream in the nipple. At the start the lambs should be fed overy two hours, and this would doubt less be better for the lamb as a contin ued practice, but It Is too much trouble. We gradually widen the time between feeding to four or three times a day and once or twice each night. It is not worth while to try to raise a lamb on Bktmmllk. We feed the milk wholo as taken from the cow; do not dilute or add anything to It. The lambs should have bran and other ground feed as soon as they will eat. We feed them milk till they go out to grass and a few days after. The suc res of this hand raisins depends en tirely on the care and liberality with which they are fed. With a limited uiiiuuuvi ui uiun auu iccu iuo will be limited in their make up. This spring we have used the cow’s milk so far principally as a starter and help for weak ones. Sometimes the ewe’s milk is scant for a day or two, and with the help of the cow’s milk the lamb starts off stronger. When nec essary to raise a lamb on cow’s milk never take it to the house. Leave it with the flock. About the house it will soon become a nuisance. We have taught them to drink milk from a ves sel the same as a calf, and this is less trouble where many are to be fed. But if the cow is milked into the vessel and there is froth on the milk they will not drink it. On the same subject J. S. Woodward says: The main difficulty in raising lambs on cow’s milk is that not enough care is taken to get as fresh a cow as possi ble. and then the lamb is fed too much at a time, and not often enough while very young. The milk of the ewe is richer in sol ids than that of the cow, and to suc cessfully raise lambs on cow’s milk the milk should be freshly drawn from the cow each time the lamb is to be fed for two or three weeks at least and the cow should be just fresh, and if a teaspoonful of granulated sugar be add ed to each pint the lamb will take it better and do better on it. The milk should be warmed up to 100 degrees and not more than one gill should be fed at one time. An old fashioned lamp filler, a can with a long spout, is a good thing to use for feeding them. A rubber nipple or a rubber Anger cot with a small hole punched in the end drawn over end of spout and tied on makes a good teat for drifting along toward the day of reck oning that is now about at hand. We congratulate the breeder who has had the foresight, perseverance and good fortune to have been able to hold on to his good things through thick and thin, through good report and evil report, for at last the day appears to have dawned when it will be possible for him to reap his just reward for services that have been steadfast and true. With the up ward trend of the market producers should be quick to secure the very best breeding stock at their command, and farmers who keep a class of cows calcu lated to raise calves for the feed yard must now bear in mind more than ever before the saying that the bull is half the herd. Lose no opportunity, farmers, to buy the bull on sight that suits you. Higher prices will be the rule all around in the very near future. The Creamery In Vermont—Cream eries are a great help in Vermont Many farmers who are Incompetent as salesmen, or who make inferior butter that does not bring the highest prices, loose money constantly until they turn over the cream to some good creamery, and thus get rid of the re sponsibility of manufacturing. I no tice they then began to pick up. Get ting a check regularly every month, they are able to add one more cow to the herd occasionally, and if they are discreet enough to keep only the best cows in the best way the farm’s capac ity for supporting stock is constantly increased, and along with it the own er’s income. The old plan of making butter in the family and selling it to local merchants is a relic of the old times that should have no place in mod ern agriculture. The merchants pay all they can afford to, and many don’t want the butter at the price they pay. Where all the butter of a community is made in one place, with correct appointments for its uniform manufac ture, it may be depended on to bring fair prices in distant markets.—Eugene Noyes. Dogs at 'Work—One of United States, consuls in Belgium in his report com ments upon the fact that in that coun try no dog is allowed to be idle, being as regularly used for beasts of draught as horses are here. It is estimated in Belgium that ten dogs will accomplish as much work as one horse, and they are even more powerful than the horse in proportion to their weight, as they compute the load for the average horse at four times his weight, and for the single dog or pair of dogs at six times his or their weight. It is estimated that the dogs in the United States ought to earn for the country at least $l5u - 000,000 annually, and to do so would be greatly to their advantage, as their viciousness would disappear, and the danger from rabies be greatly lessened —Ex. Cauliflower for the market should be cut so as to leave about one inch of the stem on. and trim off the leaves even with the flower. Pack in bushel boxes holding one dozen heads, or one layer, with face turned up. GRAND OLD PARTY. LIVING TRUTHS OP REPUCLICAN DOCTRINES. The Rain and Disaster Wrought by Cleveland and 1118 Congress — Lillee Direct Legislation for England—Some Plain Figures. Toward the close of last year state ments were published by. free trade pa pers showing how great an Improve ment there was in our exports of man ufactured goods, the Inference being that we were reaching the markets of the world under the reform tariff. This was a half truth infinitely more danger ous than a naked lie. Total values were not given In support of the state ment, only percentages of values, and as there had been such an enormous shrinkage in the export value of our agricultural products, naturally enough there was a gain In the percentage of our exports of manufactured goods. This free trade argument can best be exposed by taking our exports of Amer ican manufactures during January and February of this and last year, showing their actual values, as also the percentages of these values to our total exports In each month. Thus: Exports of Manufactures. —Values— Per ct. of total. Jan. Feb. Jan. Feb. 1894.. $14,313,285 $12,283,168 16.97 19.31 1896.. 14,100,978 12,221,895 17.65 22.13 Loss $212,307 $61,273 *0.68 *2.82 •Gain. It Is clearly seen that there has been a slight decline in the value of our ex ports of manufactures during each of the two months of the present year, but the percentages are larger because our exports of agricultural and forestry products were of so much less value this year, thus making the proportion or percentage of our manufactured ex ports appear larger while the values were really less. This was a very smooth trick and it has been worked for all it was worth. But the foregoing are the bald facts, and instead of our exports of manufactures “creeping steadily” down, even though the wall of protection has been blasted out of sight. The detailed statement of our exports of domestic merchandise during Feb ruary enables one to see in what lines our people are reaching out into the markets of the world. During Febru ary our manufacturers of agricultural implements sold $82,000 worth less of their goods to foreign countries than in February, 1894. Our sales of bricks fell off by $6,265; of candles we sold $7, 000 less; of carriages, street cars and their parts, $24,700 less; of copper and its manufactures, $480,000 less; of cot ton cloths, $272,000 less; of fish, $91,700 less; of flax manufactures, $26,000 less; of furs and skins, $137,000 less; of hides, $130,000 less; of hay, $43,400 less; of hardware, $15,400 less; of nails and spikes, $10,000 less; of oil cake and meal, $250,000 less; of animal oils, $13, 000 less; of oleomargarine, $280,000 less; of butter, $189,500 less; of cheese, $54, 000 less; of seeds, $273,000 less; of soap, $52,000 less; of distilled spirits, $368, 000 less; of starch, $12,000 less; of re fined sugar, $27,000 less; of tobacco leaf, $118,000 less; of manufactured tobacco, $75,000 less; of vegetables, $43,000 less; of timber, $74,000 less, and of lumber, $235,000 less. These show some of the smaller values of American products and manufactures in one month’s sales to other countries when the markets of the world were wide open to us. This is how we are “letting ourselves out." Free Trade In Louisiana. A Louisiana correspondent tells us that “some remarkably fine chickens have come home to roost this year.” The free trade policy is now bearing fruit of the heaviest kind in Louisiana. Wages have been cut down from 30 to 40 per cent; sugar has sold at prices below the cost of production. No mon ey can be obtained for the expenses in cidental to the cultivation of the next crop. Sheriffs and marshals have been busy selling out plantations at unheard of prices. A few cases In point are the Rosehlll plantation of 1,200 acres- with a cen tral factory which was erected during the last bounty year at a cost of over $100,000 for the new machinery alone, the whole property, including factory, mules and tools, being disposed of at a forced sale for $15,000. Another plantation, the Marshfield, of two thou sand acres, with its large crop, with mules, tools, sugar house, dwellings, la borers’ houses and numerous other buildings, were all sacrificed on the altar of free trade for the sum of $5,500. At recent sales by the United States I Marshal in New Orleans 108 farms and | plantations have been sold, most of them improved homes, at prices rang ! ing from $30 to $2 per acre, several 40 1 acre farms being sold for $25. 1 Each day adds to the long record of ruin, and very many are now feeling the effect of what they themselves have helped to bring about. Surely this ter rible state of affairs will arouse the people of Louisiana to shake off those fetters that have bound thorn to the ; party of free trade, which is directly responsible for all their woes. Letting the Other Fellows In. ! During February, on the other hand, | our imports of foreign goods were I much larger in almost every line of | trade, notably so of barley, brushes, buttons, potash, clocks and watches, raw cotton, cotton manufactures, earth en and china ware, eggs (467,000 dozen more in a month), glass and glass ware, hay, hides and skins, hops, leather and its manufactures, paper, meat products, cheese, rice, seeds, silk manufactures, bags and bagging, tin and wool and its manufactures. The gain in the latter, though not quite so large as In Janu ar. , was still so important as to war rant the production of our woolen im ports In detail: Imports cl Woolen Goods. February. February. 1894. 1895. Carpets.9 55,324 $165,983 Clothing, ready made 47,534 77,204 Cloths . 629,074 2,258,812 Dress goods. 676,672 2,022,933 Knit fabrics . 39,346 50,952 Shawls. 6,581 30,573 Yarns .:. 33,195 172,954 All other . 62,960 123,868 Totals .$1,541,686 $4,903,279 During the two months of January and February we have bought nearly $8,500,000 worth more of foreign woolen goods than in the corresponding months a year earlier. The Importance of the lower tariff on woolens will be best ap preciated, or otherwise, by those who gain their livelihood working In the woolen mills when they understand that we bought over 160,000 square yards more of carpets in two months and must consequently make that much less. We also bought, in two months, 5,800,000 pounds more woolen cloths, besides the larger quantities of ready made clothing, dress and knit goods. These larger quantities will he sold in our markets, and every yard of them will supplant a yard made in an Amer ican mill by an American laborer. The competition in the woolen trade is both enormous and unnatural. The result must be as disastrous as the tariff re formers intended It should be. It is the outsome of breaking down our wall of protection and giving the other fel lows a chance to get In. Tariff Reform’s Great Yield. It has yielded a 16 per cent increase in the importation of foreign goods, made by foreign labor, and displacing a like amount of American labor. It has yielded a nearly 10 per cent decrease in the exports of American products and merchandise, thus cutting off so much more work and wages for Americans. It has yielded a great flood of foreign grown wools, and destroyed the sheep raising industry on American farms and ranches. Incidentally it has helped to yield a shorter supply of sheep for slaughter and assisted the Chicago meat ring to put up the price of mut ton. It has yielded more foreign imports by a hundred million dollars’ worth and yet it has yielded a decrease of 10 per cent in the amount of importations free of duty. McKinley’s act even had a more liberal free list. It has yielded more taxation and rev enue on imported foods, necessaries of life—such as sugar, tea, coffee, fruits, rice, fish, vegetables and provisions generally—than the old 1890 tariff by about two dollars to one.—N. Y. Re corder, April 15, 1895. The Increase In Wages. It is amusing to observe how lustily the free traders crow over the few in creases in wages which have taken place since the “tariff reform” con gress adjourned. Wages are going up in spite of the tariff. After the election of last No vember the country began to take hope. It saw the beginning of the end of Democratic rule. Still there was no visible improvement in wages—no up ward movement in wages. It required the result of the spring elections to confirm the people in the belief that the reaction had come to stay. There are few who do not now believe that the Republican party will be fully re turned to power next year. There is hope for the future, and advances in wages are the fruits of that hope. The real turning point in the great depres tion was the final adjournment of the congress that passed the Wilson tar iff. The Democratic party had done its worst and had been repudiated by the country. The nation has returned to its senses and business is once more on the up grade. Prom this time on we may look for gradual advances in wages, and as they come they will be hailed with gladness and satisfaction. It will take some time before they are restored to the high water mark of 1892—Pittsburgh, Pa„ Commercial Gazette, April 9, 1895. It is C.oou Sense. English newspapers are urging the farmers of that country to practice in tensive farming to lessen the importa tions of cereals and meats from Amer ica and Australia. It is a sensible pol icy and shows what practical business sense will do for any country. It is the fundamental principle advocated by the Republican party for the develop ment of the home interest? »f the peo ple of the United States. It is wholly a mistaken idea that the Republican party is committed to a policy having special interests. Thorough protec tion will care for every general* inter est of the country.—Burlington, la. Hawk-Eye, April 3, 1895. The Democratic Policy. The policy of the administration at home has been one of distrust arid dis appointment. It has diminished the revenues of the government and de creased the occupations of the people. Under the pretext of reducing the tar iff that it might reduce the cost of liv ing it has reduced the living itself and left thousands in a situation of desti tution, the like of which they had never before experienced.—Gov. Wm. McKin ley. Advanced Over More Deserving, Indianapolis Journal: To make Col. Coppinger, the son-in-law of the late Hon. James G. Blaine, brigadier-gen eral the president has jumped a dozen colonels of regiments who are his seniors in rank and service. The re fusal of Gen. Harrison to promote Col. Coppinger over so many deserving offi cers was based upon the ground that it involved an injustice. It is said that the army entertains the same opinion. 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