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NEW MRS. VANDERBILT.
Her Ilnalinnd I tli Actml Head t
the VuniUrlil((H and Man
rv wttli i IllBtorjr.
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William K. Vnderbilt and Mrs.
Lewis M. Jtutherfurd, wlio were re
cently married in London, arc pro
nounced as handsome a pair for their
age as could well be brought togeth
er at the altar. Mrs. Kutherfurd's
second husband 'died two years ago
at Paris, and Hhc but recently re
opened her fine house near the man
sion of the Castellanes in Passy. She
Las lived abroad for many years, and
was married 13 .years ago in London
to the late Mr. Jtutherfurd. She was
then the widow -of Samuel S. Sands,
a wealthy New-Yorker, and had been
the beautiful Aiinn Harriman. Mr.
Iluthcrfurd was 'one of New York's
best known society and club men.
He w.s i brother of Mrs. Henry
White. The new Mrs. William K.
5s a perfect blonde, with a very
handsome face, regular features,
lirlght blue eyes and pure golden
liair. Sbe as 'immensely wealthy, and
as the owner of the beautiful Tran
quillity farm, a ilne estate in New
Jersey. She wos 'one of the eight
children oT 'Oliver Harriman and one
of the heirs to an estate originally
valued at $15,000,000.
William Kissam Vanderbilt is the
second 5011 of the late William II.
Vanderbilt. He was born on Statcn
Island December 12, 1849. In stature
he is a trifle below the medium
height. He is an nble railroad man,
safe, conservative and prudent. So
cially he is eminent for his diplo
macy. His wealth is between $S0.
000,000 and $00,000,000. He is fond
of yachting, racing, coaching, hunt
ing and fishing. His friends call him
-"Willie K."
William IT. Vnnderbilt's last will
and testament disposed of an estate
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MIS.
RLTIIERFURD-VANDERBII.T.
valued at $200,000,000. He made Wil
liam K. one of his executors and one
of his principal legatees. After giv
ing to each one of his eight children
$5,000,000 outright and placing S5,
000,000 more in trust for each, the
testator divided the remaining $120,
500,000 into two equal parts, leav
ing $GO,000,000 to Cornelius and the
same amount to William K. Vander
bilt. With the death in 1890 of Cor
nelius Vanderbilt William K. became
the actual head of the family b In
1678 he married Miss Alva Smith, of
Mobile, Ala., wJioso divorce and sub
sequent remarriage are recent mat
ters of New York family history.
Mnkc the Unity Comfortable.
Don't make baby's dress too tight,
says a writer in Good Housekeeping,
any a baby frets and cries simply be
cause the little arms are restricted,
or the neckband is too tight. IJy
making baby's clothes large you will
save yourself much extra work and
many fretful days. My baby wore
her first dresses until she wore them
out, some being in use' when she was
two and a half years old. No chnnge
was necessary save in length of skirt.
Itecently I saw a big, overgrown baby
of bix months whose yoke met only
at one button. I asked the mother
if I might loosen the clothes. 1 did
so and found that the sleeves, made
for a small baby, now cut into the
fat arms. The baby at once stopped
fretting.
Intoxication In Animals.
M. Orobaut, professor of physiology
in Paris, in describing the effect of al
cohol upon animals, snjs that the suc
cessive stages of intoxication through
which they pass are ga. ety, sadness,
solemnity and a supreme intoxication
which ends in death. Itnbbits are very
curious when under the influence of
liquor, and a drunken kangaroo is bru
tally aggressive.
Itow to I'repnre Ileef Ten.
When making beef tea never add the
ml-t till the meat has been cooking
for fome time. Salt nets upon the
fiber and prevents it giving out all
the nourishing properties.
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BAS MARVELOUS POWERS.
L'Slx-YcAV-OlA Loin Cotton.ttNcwVork
Girl, In ait Accomplished
Mind Header.
Lola Cotton is an extraordinary
child, though Lola docs not realize
that she is different from any other
six-year-old girl.
Here ure some of the things that she
can do, acceding to the New York
Herald:
Blindfolded and with her back
turned toward the other occupants of
n room she will name and describe
dozens of articles selected by any per
son present. She does this without
hesitation and with a rapidity and
ease that astonish the listener. If she
had eyes in the back of her head the
answers could not come with more sat
isfactory clearness and accuracy in
nearly every instance where n test iB
desired.
Lola can give correct answers to
mathematical questions, both in arlth-
LOLA AT THE BLACKBOARD.
metic and algebra, without an instant's
hesitation.
Hlind folded and with back toward a
blackboard she will direct what is
called the "Chess Knight's Tour" while
the person with the crayon moves it
swiftly from field to field until the en
tire GJ fields have been covered in ns
many moves, without reerossing, con
cluding at the starting point. Over this
network of lines and figures little Lola
leads the crayon holder. This she does
without error, although the fact that
she starts from any field designated
makes it necessary that she should be
able to follow 4,090 combinations to a
successful finish.
How does Lola do the things that no
other six-year-old girl in New York
can do?
Does Lola know more than she will
tell? Or knowing nothing about it,
does the secret lie in the unconscious
subservience of her brain to another!
controlling influence?
All that Lola does is performed in
the presence of her father, J. L. Cotton.
The questions answered by her are
asked by him, although suggested bj
other people. Mr. Cotton says that the
system is that of thought transfer
ence; that his blindfolded daughter!
brain is in such marvelously intimate
communication with the workings oi
his own that she can follow his
thought, while his eyes move from ob
ject to object, and while they are rest
ing upon some one tiling she will in
btnntly know what the thing is, and
will name it. He states that she her
self will hold the crayon, and, blind
folded, mark the chess knight's moves
with as much ease as she directs his
moves? when he holds the crayon. She
does this, he says, by reading his mind
with a rapidity that keeps pace with
his own thought.
In brief, Mr. Cotton says that Loin
can solve any mathematical or chese
problem with which he himself is fa
miliar, and that she can describe any
object blindfolded that is within rang
of her powers of description.
She has never been to school nnd does
not know how to read or write.
Mr. Ctton says that he has been In
terested for many years in psycholog
ical matters, and one day, watching the
baby then four years old at play, he
wondered if he could exert unspoken
influence over her. He mentally com
manded her to takp up certain toys and
lay others down, and the experiment
proved successful. Fearing to affect
her brain, he proceeded cautiously and
by degrees, in the meanwhile subject
ing her to medical examination to be
certain that no injurious results had
followed. Lola is the only child of Mr.
nnd Mrs. Cotton. She was born in
Clarkvlllc, Allegany county, N. Y.
GupmhIiik nt Mrn'M Arm,
"What are the respective ages of the
father and the son?"
"Well, I judge the former is over
50, because I noticed he likes to be
called "my boy,' and that the latter
is under 25, for the reason that it
pleases him to be nddresscd ns 'old
man.' "Tit-Bits.
At the Ilonrdlnir limine.
S. Off More Look here; these
croquettes are worse than they were
the last time I was here.
Ilobert Impossible, sir. Pennsyl
vaniu Punch liowL
FIG WASP AT WORK.
Useful Insect Performs Important
Horticultural Duty.
May lie the Means of Developing n
Sere and Lucrative Industry la
the Southern Stntca of
the UiiIom,
Special Los Angeles (Cal.) Lettor.
TLAb'lOPHAUA GliOSSOItUM is
fj tue rather formidable name of the
insect tribe which proves to be an
indispensable aid to an industry which
may become a large source of reveuuc
to the farmers of the south utid ex
treme west.
The culture of Smyrna figs, or a va
riety that will rival them In the mur
kets of the world, has long been the
aim of the agriculturists, and unsuc
cessful attempts have cost years of la
bor and large sums of money. Now the
little fig wasp, with the large name, as
above, is quietly solving the problem.
Figs have been bo long raised in Cali
fornia that their origin is doubtful,
although the blanket veil covering
grapes, olives, etc., is thrown over
them and the little dark specimens so
well known are called "mission figs."
Thcsci are- onlysultnb!e for food when
first taken from the tree. As the prob
abilities of horticulture were devel
oped In this state, ambitious planters
endeavored to improve on their fig
trees, and introduced different vari
eties from Asia Minor and places
around the Mediterranean, but nones
could be cured in'n manner to red
der them an article of commerce. It
CALIFORNIA CROWN SMYRNA FIGS.
was realized that ideal conditions for
fig culture existed In California when
once fruitful trees were introduced. In
the early eighties, about 500 cuttings
were secured through the United
States consulate at Smyrna, nnd wide
ly distributed over the state, but they
did not bear satisfactorily. About the
same time, the white Adriatic fig was
imported from Sicily, planted, prop
agated, and. for awhile, seemed to
promise well, but soon showed n ten
dency to sour on the trees, and was
generally of poor flavor. These or
chards have, us a rule, either been up
rooted or are being "worked over"
into true Smyrna fig trees.
In 1SS5, E. W. Moslin obtained some
imported Smyrna figs in San Francisco
nnd planted the seeds, from which
beautiful trees were grown, which
failed to produce fertile seeds, for reu
sons then unknown. In 1SS0, F. Itoed
ing determined to devote special ef
fort, on his ranch in the San Joachin
vulley, to introduce the true Smyrna
Tlin FIG WASP.
(A, Adult Female. . Adult Male. Both
Greatly Enlarged.)
fig of commerce in conjunct ion with its
complement, the wild Capri fig, and the
fig wusp, In order that fig enpiificntion
in a natural way might be feasible.
His son, G. C. Itoeding, has gone on
with the work until, after about 17
years, it has been demonstrated that
commercial figs may be grown in this
fetute ns well as in Asia Minor,
The first orchard was planted about
seven miles east of Fresno. In 1SS0,
Mr. Ildeding sent Mr. W. C. West
abroad to study the whole subject. As
a result, from the Herbeyli district, in
the Meander valley, in Asin Minor, cut
tings of wild, or Capri, figs, the Lop
Injlr, or true fig, and a few other vari
eties were sent here, planted out and
carefully tended. Meantime, Mr. Itoed
ing was appointed a commissioner of
agriculture by Secretary Wilson, and
toured the whole fig district of Asia
Minor. In 1888 20 acres were set, nnd
the following year another tract of
equal acreage. In 1891 another 20
acres were put out, entirely in Lop
Injir, except a single row of 40 Capri
figs. In 1802 some of the trees came
into bearing, but the fruit failed to de
velop, although in 1890 a little fruit
had appeared, after an attempt had
been made at artificial fertilization. At
that time some of the Capri figs had
been opened, some of the pollen taken
from the male blossoms, nnd by means
of a toothpick conveyed into the ori
fice of the figs, fertilizing the female
llowcr. Of the half dozen thus treat
ed all matured, while the others shriv
eled and fell to the ground when one
third grown. After the fertilized fruits
were dried, they were found to con
tain fertilized seeds, but the flavor was
not cquul to that of the imported figs,
as only a portion of the female flowers
had developed seeds, owing to tho
crude fertilization.
Similar experiments were carried on
for several years, entailing much labor
with small results. Then various un
successful efforts were made to import
the fig wasp. Flnolly, in April, 1899, two
consignments of Capri figs, wrapped
in tin foil and packed in cotton,
reached Fresno, which, on being cut,
were found to contntn live and fully
developed insects. In June galls con
taining insectB developed in some of
the Capri figs, and nfter years of la
bor and expenditure the cultivation of
Smyrna figs became established in
America.
The caprificntion of the fig Is simple.
There are, as a rule, three crops of
Capri figs; one each In spring, summer
nnd fall. It is hoped that in the Cali
fornia elimnte there will be a fourth.
They are, In n way, evergreen, Uie Into
crop remaining on the treo through
the winter, although the loaves fall.
In figs there are four distinct kinds of
flowers, male, female, gall and mule Fe-
lwll'3"0fS
male flowers are present in the Smyrna
and a few of the summer crop of the
Cnpris. Gall flowers are found in nil
the crops of the Cnpris, and in no other
variety. these the little fig wasps
develop. Mule flowers, or misformed
female blossonis., are found in the first
crop of Smyrna and in the Adriatic
figs. The creamy white color of the
flowers and the glossygrecn of the figs
designate the time for capriflcation.
It must also be understood how often
the Smyrna must he caprilied In order
to obtain a maximum crop of fruit.
The spring or male crop of Capri figs,
maturing in the San .Joachin valley In
June, is to be chiefly considered. Mr.
Itoeding advises having two varieties
of Capris, one maturing about ten days
later than the oth(r, thus extending
the season, as the Smyrnu trees do not
have all their fruits in a receptive stngc
at the same time. When the Cnprl figs
reach full size, they are watched and
if male insects nre found crawling
around in the fruit when opened, the
female wasp hus begun to Issue. Also,
the fig may be pressed between the
fingers. If it gives to the touch, it is
ready for picking. Capri figs contain
ing the wasps are distributed in wire
mesh baskets, already hung in the
Smyrna trees.
The Capri fig is hollow, to a large ex
tent, lined with gall flowers, which re
cehe the wasps' eggs, at least six weeks
before the male flowers, near the eye of
the fig, mature. The wingless male
crawls from his gall and around In
the fig, and with its mnndibles cuts an
opening into the galls where tht fe
males lie, soon after which it dies In
side the fig. The winged female in
sect crawls through the opening made
by the male in the gall in which she
has lain, out into the fig, and thence
through the male flowers at the ori
fice of the fig, from which Its body be
comes covered with pollen. It then
enters the next crop of Cnprl figs, de
positing Its eggs in the gall flowers, or,
if its fig has been previously hung in a
Smyrna tree, it forces its way into
the female fig, losing its wings in the
process. The pollen which It received
on its body in leaving the Capri male
figs fertilizes the blossoms through
which it crawls when entering the fe
mnle Smyrna figs. The latter having
no gall flowers, It is impossible for the
insect to Jay its eggs, nnd it crawls out,
drops to the ground nnd perishes
having rendered the propagation of the
Smyrna fig tree possible as well ns tho
production of a fruit otherwise worth
less. All Smyrna figs thus entered pro
duce fertile seeds, nnd are of fine fla
vor. EDWARD J ULIAJt.
CREAM SEPARATION.
Simple UlnKritiit Which Kxnlnlnn n
CoiiMelMvly no 1'oMnlhlo llovr Scp-
itriitot-N Work.
There is no line of demnrkatlon be
tween the skim-milk and the cream. In
the cut Is shown as nearly as can be de
scribed in a simple drawing the condi
tion of the milk nnd cream. The milk
enters the center of the bowl nnd of
course there begins at once a separa
tion. The sugnr, albumen, cnBclu nnd
CREAM SEPARATOR AT WORK.
ash as well as the water arc hurried to
the outside of the bowl and In accord
with a fundamental law of physics that,
"no two bodies can occupy the samu
place at thcsametliuc,"thcfat is forced
out and consequently finds itself Hear
ing tile center of the bowl. There is u
gradual condensation of tho cream
from the outside to the center. At the
innermost point the cream will contain
nearly 60 per cent, butter fat, gradual
ly decreasing until in a modern separa
tor, the skim-milk, which is taken at
the outside, will contain only n trace.
The different separators have n slight
ly varying contrivance for controlling
the density of the cream, but in every
instnnee the principle remains the1
snme; when taken tery near the center
the volume Is less nnd the fat content
high. The amount of cream may be re
duced until It cannot escape fast
enough, and so if the milk supply Is not,
diminished n portion of the fat will
necessarily pass off in the skim-milk-On
the other hand, if the cream screw
is changed to increase the volume that
is tnking It out nearer to the outside
of the bowl then we nre securing a
cream of less fat content, nnd thin
permission of increased outflow at tho
center of the bowl menus n more ex
haustive skimming. Hence to-day thu
test of a flrst-elnss machine Is to run
full capacity, skim clean, and deliver u
cream containing 40 to 50 percent, but
ter fat. II. E. Cook, in Itural New
Yorker.
CHOICE BUTTER FLAVOR.
It DcprndM 1,'non the Cue of 1'ropei
.Stnrtei'N nnd One Attention to
the ItliienliiK: of Creniti.
It is safe to say that the principal
defect in the quality of Canadian but
ter, as in the butter from any other
country, Is in regard to the matter of
fluvor, said .1. A. Iteddick in an ad
dress. The causes' which give rise to
this defect are many and not. always
easily located, but the buttermnker
has a great advantage over the cheese
maker, inasmuch as he has it within
his power to control the flavor of this
butter to a very great extent by the
use ' of good flavored fermentation
"starters," nnd by proper attention to
the ripening of the ereumt His failure
to do this Is one reason why the but
ter Ik often iuferlor in flavor, llutter
makcrs must study this question of
ripening cream and the use of "start
ers." The trouble is that very often
the "starter" produces a bad flavor in
stead of a good one'. When the farmer
sows his seed he expects to reap what
he sows. If he sown wheat he reaps a
crop of wheat, but If the grain he uses
is full of mustard seed I need not point
out what the result will be. It is not
possible to get fine flnvored butter
where bad starters are used any more
than it is to get 0 crop of wheat from
the mustard seed. The difficulty is that
maiiy buttermakers apparently do not
know the difference between what is a,
proper starter and what is not.
I'eiiH mid OntM for Cow.
If likely to be short on good cow
feed during midsummer, sow h bed of
pea and oats at once. Fit the ground
well and drill In Canada field pens at
the rate of lj bushels per acre, drill
ing the bed as near iys inches as possi
ble. Plant with grain drill. A week
after planting drill the field with two
bushels of oats per acre. The peas
acd oats will come on together nnd an
acre will feed a bunch of 15 or 20 cat
tle nicely for a while. This crop may
be cut as soon as the heads of the ontH
uppear. From this time on, the green
feed gains in nourishment. Jiefore tho
pea pods dry or the oats shell, tho.
crop left on the field may be cut for--hay.
No soiling crop is more relished
by cattle or sheep. J. E. Gilford, i.
Farm and Home.
sjsKasesrv .
IV-
-a 3iti1'!3S"&t $"
$w M.,,Jfetu,
