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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1919)
THE SEMIAVETKLY TRIBUNE, NORTH PLATTF, NEBRASKA. WEEVILS CAUSE SERIOUS LOSSES Harvest Beans, Peas and Cow peas Promptly After Maturity to Prevent Damage. TREAT SEED BY FUMIGATION Kill Insects Before They Can Increase In Numbers and Carry on Destruc tlve Work Growers Have Be come Discouraged. Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) The serious losses caused hy bean iintl pea weevils which amounts to millions of dollars nnnunlly Is large ly preventable, and by putting a stop to It n valuable and much-needed sourco of the nation's food supply can be saved. No satisfactory artlllclal remedies can be applied to kill weevil grubs In beans, peas or cowpeas grow ing In the field, but they can be easily and effectively controlled afterward If the necessary care Is given. The crop should be harvested as soon as possible after maturity, and the seeds thrashed or shelled and treated by fumigation, heat or cold storage, in order to kill tho weevils In them be fore they can Increase In numbers and carry on their destructive work. Weevils not only'causo serious dam age to peas, beans and cowpeas In storage but also In the field, and are responsible for a curtailment In tho acreage planted In these crops. In some sections, particularly the coastal regions' of the middle Atlantic states, this pest has carried on Its work of destruction so successfully that grow ers have become discouraged and have discontinued to produce on a commer cial scale these valuable food crops. Badly infested seeds are worthless for planting. In one experiment on record only 50 per cent of infested "beans germinated, and of these 30 per cent were so badly Injured that they could not develop into normal plants. Harvest All Seed. In gathering the crop, exercise caro, the bulletin urges to leave no portion of It In tho field, as seeds scattered on the ground or left In shattered pods on the dried vines, may carry the pest over winter, and furnish a supply of weevils the following summer. The crop should be harvested as soon as possible after' reaching maturity and the seed thrashed or shelled soon after wards. Storing in the pod does not confine the weevils. Immediately on placing the seed In storage, fumigate with carbon dlsulphid or carbon te trachlorld. These chemicals when ex posed to the air vaporize Into a heavy poisonous gas which "Immediately kills the weevil. Carbon dlsulphid is the more generally used, though carbon te trachlorld has the advantage of not be ing Inflammable. Seed to be fumigat ed should bo placed In an air-tight con tainer, such as a tin can or barrel. The chemicals, used at the rate of from 2 to 4 pounds to each f00 cubic feet of space to be fumigated, should be poured over the top of the seed, and fumigation should continue for from 24 to 48 hours. Killed by Heating. When there is only a sniall.q'uantity of seed, the weevil may bo killed by heating the seed in the oven for sev eral hours. The oven should not be hotter than 120 to 145 degrees Fahr enheit. Dipping seed in boiling water for one minute is also an effective remedy. Weevils will not feed or cause damage at low temperatures, and If seed can be kept in cold storage at n temperature of 2 to 4.1 degrees Fahrenheit, no trouble from this pest will result. URGES FISH MEAL FOR HOGS Tests Conducted by Agricultural Do partment Show It Is Equal to Tankage in Feed Value. (Prepared by tho United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) To stimulate greater Interest in tho production of fish meal, which Is a good substitute for tankage In the feeding of hogs, n representative of the United States department of agri culture recently visited a number of fisheries along the gulf coast as well Hops Feeding at Self-Feeder. as a number of marketing center in the South. Tests conducted hy tho de partment show that fish meal Is equal n feeding value to tankage. It con tains about 67 per cent protein. It is made hy drying nonedible fish and grinding fine. This meal Is being used at the government farm at Beltsvllle, Md., to replace tankage. The men haden fisheries on the Atlantic coast can produce annually 10,000 tons of fish meal. Fisheries along the gulf states and Mississippi river have been wasting or manufacturing as fertilizer large quantities of uouedlhlo fish. BERMUDA GRASS IS VALUABLE AS FEED Troublesome Weed Makes Good as Sod and Pasture. Susceptibility of Root-Stocks to Win terkllllng and Its Inability to Withstand Shado Make It Easy of Eradication. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Bermuda grass Is one of the most valuable as well as the most troublo some grasses of tho Southern states. This vigorous growing perennial spreads rapidly, making a thick sod which is well suited for pastures and lawns. The same characteristics that make It so valuable also render It one of the principal weeds the eradication of which is essential to the successful growlug of intertilled crops. The plant has certain natural weaknesses, such as its inability to withstand shade and susceptibility of the root-stocks to win terkilling, which can easily be made use, of In its eradication. The most widely practiced and suc cessful control measures, especially In the Southwestern states, is a combined attack upon these two weak points by alternating a summer shade crop, such as velvet beans nud cowpens, with In tertilled crops, such as corn and cot ton, keeping the soli occupied with growing oats or rye, with or without vetch, during the winter. Hogs arc also useful in eradicating tills grass. They are fond of the root stocks, and they will he aided greatly in the good work If tho land is first plowed. A good system Is to graze the land an entiro season, continue the grazing tho following season until mid summer, then plow shallow to exposu the root-stocks to the drying action of the sun and the persistent rooting of the hogs. Bermuda grass may bo winterkilled by exposing the root-stock system to freezing, but this method Is effective only in the northern part of the Ber muda, grass area, as killing frosts do not ordinarily occur in the central and southern parts. In small areas, such as gardens, the root-stocks may he gathered after the land has been plowed, with a rake or fork, and burn ed. Where only small patches are in fested they may be covered with heavy paper, preferably roofing paper, which should be weighted down. This "so completely shades the plants that In about two months they will be killed. Bermuda grass was at one time looked upon solely as a pest, but In view of the fact that It is exceedingly valuable for pasture, hay and lawn purposes, the plant has been widely utilized throughout tho cotton belt and its value is far In excess of the dam age which It causes. PREVENT WASHING OF SOILS Good System of Broad-Ba6e Terracei Is Recommended Work Can Be Done at Any Time. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Tho maintaining of soil fertility should be one of the supreme aims of every farmer. Tho most universal source of loss is from soil washing Nothing will do more to prevent this loss thnn to establish a good system Plowing Over a Terrace. of hroad-hase terraces. Tills is con junction with a well-planned cropping system, will not only maintain but in crease soli fertility. Terracing can be done at any time during the year when the lands are free of growing crops. In the cotton states the weather is rarely too severe during the winter to prevent this work from being done. Those who havo not already terraced their farms should sec the county agent and get his advice and help along this line. PROPER FEEDING HELPS COW If Rightly Fed All Her Life Animal Will Be of Value When Old Overfeeding Is Harmful. If the cow has been rightly fed all her life she will be a good cow when sho becomes old. A cow that has been overfed for years will have become "burned out" by the time sho Is ten or twelve years of age. The cow that has never been fed to bring 1ier up to her highest capacity for milk giving will have fixed her habits of milk pro ductiou at a low point and will not he valuable as an old cow. She will, therefore, have to be disposed of to tho butcher several years before she would otherwise have gono out of r. vice. BUILDING GOOD ROADS 1919 PROGRAM Michigan Starting on Greatest Era of Highway Construction In His tory of State. "Ichlgnn is going to start on tho greatest era of road building la tho Btato's history, declares Edward N. Ilines, first vico president of the De troit Automobile club. Mr. Illncs adds that Michigan highway constructors havo seen the folly of their ways In building roads too narrow and of types not permanent They will correct this In the future. Every citizen, including tho farmer, business man, laboring man and tho resident of tho small town, sees the need of permanent highways, the case being proven to them by wartlmo con ditions, according to Mr. Illnes. This was brought nbout by tho inadequate freight and express service, tho food situation and the general need to con serve labor wherever feasible. "Ilad tho war continued," Mr. Illnes stated, "I had records of projects for building of concrete roads in the state that likely would havo been put through by tho proper authorities In Washington because of their war ne cessity, there being some 050,000 square yards. Other projects for con crete roads In Michigan financed by the Covert act whoso Issues were Hold and the money not expended during tho past season, and direct tax levies amounted to 1,347,909 square yards, a total for the state of close to 2,000,000 square yards. All of this will be built In 1910 and in all probability this.ynrd ago will be doubled by the time the road construction work begins in tho spring. "Wayno county's concrete roads havo stood the test since the United States entered tho world conflict. The normal traffic, plus the enormous war hnulago by army trucks over concrete roads seven, eight, nlue and ten years old, was handled satisfactorily and the highways held up in perfect con dition. Eyes of the road builders throughout tho country havo been fo cused on Wayne county's roads and the practical demonstration of tho value of permanent roads has been proven here In tho vicinity of Detroit. "Wayne, leader among tho counties of Michigan In mileage of Improved roads, asked for no county road tax this year and will havo to rely on tho money received from automobile li censes. Consequently 1919 will not ap proximate previous years' programs because of lack of funds to push tho work to tho limit. We expect to get more for a dollar In 1010, though, as Neglect of Maintaining Roads Is Not Only Tying Dp "Transportation and Handicapping Industry, but Is Cost ing United States Many Millions ot Unnecessary Expense. the labor turnover will not be ns great and material prices will have a ten dency not to incline towards higher levels. "Among the projects which will bt carried out next year are tlto follow ing: One-half mile section in the vil lage of Wayne, from Michigan avenue on the Wayne road south, connecting with tho Huron Itlvor d-ive. Tills road will be of concrete, 20 feet wide. Belle-vllle-Itomulus branch of the Huron Itiver drive and Outer Uelt drive Is to be finished. Delivery of stock on this Job has Already been started and will bo kept up ns long as good weather continues. Wurren road, which will he concreted to the Waslitcnnw coun ty line In time, is to bo taken caro ot by another road crew. Tills work will go on until the 1010 funds are exhaust ed. The Lalisor road, from Bedford north to tho Oakland lino, connecting with the good road in Oakland county will also be completed. "We will pay considerable attention to widening some of the main routes and will maintain all the previously built roads in a first-class condition." Public Necessity. Good roads are a public necessity and there is no uso trying to stop progress by complaining about the cost, or objecting to tho uutomoblle If every nuto were destroyed, good roads would bo as much needed as with the nutos. What Poor Roads Mean. Lack of proper rnndu Is costing tlm American people Sl.OOO.OOO for every working day. That 1 tho conclusion of the Corn Hxchnngu National hank of Philadelphia. M3T MPROVE CITY MILK SUPPLY Important Factor Given Attention by Dairy Division of Department of Agriculture. (Prepared by tho United States Depart ment "of Agriculture.) Sanitary milk control an Important factor In city welfaro and a big prob lem of tho city health department receives personal attention from tho dairy division of the United States de partment of agriculture. Specialists in sanitary production and handling of milk are usually available, and upon request of the city health de partments they are sent to assist In Production of Sanitary Milk Begins With Clean Cows and Clean Attend ants. Improving the milk supply. This as sistance may mean the making of a general survey lasting only n few days or a very Intensive inspection lasting two or three months. During t?.io last year personal aid was given to 30 cities in 14 states. In addition to this, assistance was given the United States public health serv ice by conducting sanitary milk sur veys and In improving tho milk supply of 15 extra cantonment zones. All phases of city milk supply nro covered. Inspection of dairies, milk plants and other distributing centers nre made, samples of the products nro taken and analyzed, both chemically and bacterlologlcally. When neces sary, help Is given in the Installation of laboratories and technique and in the interpretation of tho results of chemical and bncterlal analyses. Special meetings may bo held among both producers and consumers of milk In order to nrouse Interest In the local milk supply. Advice in fram ing ordinances to. cover dairy ond milk conditions is also offered. An Important feature Is the milk content work, in which specialists as sist In instituting these contests nnd net as Judges in scoring the product to determlno the relative standing of milk producers. These contests on courage rivalry among dairymen anil, In consequence, tend to lmprovo the milk supply of a city. LINE BREEDING IS FAVORED Common and Desirable Practice Is En couraged by, Co-operative Bull Associations. (Prepared by tho United States Depart' ment of Agriculture.) A hull association linving ns many as five or six breeding blocks should keep and use all its good bulls as long as they are fit for service. Advancing tho bull to the next block at the end of I two years does not ellminato him; It i simply makes It possible to avoid In- 1 breeding. Line breeding, on tlic other , hand, Is a common and desirable prac tlce, and tho hull association offers ox I ceptlonal opportunities for conducting that kind of breeding. In an associa tion composed of breeders of pure bred dairy cattle- carefully selected bulls produced In one block may bo used in other blocks, and the organlza , tion jnay thus continue indefinitely , without purchasing bulls from outsido ' sources If such a plan seems advisa ble. The same practice may be fol lowed when only a few high-class reg istered cows are owned by members if any association. The co-oporatlvo I 'mil association, therefore, offers un 1 excellent opportunity for Intelligent, long-continued breeding. Skillful mat ing, when combined with careful sc I lection of tho best nnlmais, makes I b'reat improvement possible. SUPPLYING WATER TO COWS During Winter Season Temperature Should Be Kept 15 to 20 Degrees Above Freezing. (Prepared by tho United States Depart ment ot Agriculture.) During the winter, when cows are stabled tho greater part of the time, and unless arrangements Imvc been made to keep water before them all tho time, they should be watered two or three times a day. If possible, the water should lie 15 to 20 degrees above tho freezing point, and should he sup plied at practically the same tempera ture every day. IMPORTANT KIND OF POULTRY Common Economic Classification Is Based Upon Adaptation to Certain Lines of Food. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Tho first step toward tho increase of uippllcs of poultry products through (ho uso of the type best suited to pro .taction is to get a correct understand ing of type. In fowls, the most Impor tant kind of poultry, the common economic cinssltlfetlon Is based upon the adaptation of certain types to cer tain linos of food production. Three such distinct types are recognized tho fgg type, the meat typo aud the dual purpose type, which Is commonly con sidered an Intermediate of the other two, though In reality It Is the primary type ot which the others are modifica tions. Because tho smallest standard breeds are distinctly of the egg type, the largest breeds are good layers only Chickens Are Usually More Health ful When Kept on Open Range. under expert care, nnd the best known of the dual-purpose breeds are of me dium size and weight, small size and great activity are commonly supposed to bo characteristic of the egg type, large slr.e and an Indolent tempera ment are supposed to characterize tho meat type, and medium size without cither marked energy or great Indo lence Is supposed to be characteristic of a mediocre dual-purpose type. These misconceptions arise from a too literal acceptance of the designation of a type as tiie definition of that type, Not only do breed types tend to change but Ideas of breeders as to the most desirable tyne for a breed change. In fact the ureeders are rare ly In full agreement as to the precise typo which should be preferred, and consequently nearly every breeder of superior ability has his "strain," which wlilie conforming to the gen eral description of the standard pre--lents distinctive peculiarities in points where u standard cannot he rigid Such elasticity in the application of standards Is, In the nature of the case, Inevitable. It Is not at variance with the purpose of standards In stock pro duet Ion but is in harmony with their function of securing general progress toward approved Ideals. Within the rang? of each breed typo there exist, on a much smaller scale but still in marked degree, the same differences which distinguish the three general types the egg type meal type and dual-purpose type. Ob servatlon of Individual difference along tlieso llnesives Insight Into the properties of type which affect prodtic tlon. SLACKER FOWLS NOT WANTED Connecticut Bureau Arranging Dem onstratlons Showing Hew Loafers May Be Detected. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Sell your slnckcr hens and buy War Savings stamps Is tho advice of tlto county agent in Middlesex county, Conn. The county farm bureau Is ar ranging slacker-hen dctnonstrutlous showing how these hens may he detect ed and disnosed of to advantage. Good fat hens will bring '! to !i8 cents per pound, live weight, at tho present time. In tlieso days when Idleness means direct loss the farmer cannot ufford to support loafers on the Job says the county agent. PRODUCING EGGS IN WINTER Comb of Laying Hen Is Bright a nd Red and Pin Bones Well Spread Apart Mate Layers. If winter egg production Is desired only winter luyers should bo bred. It Is easy to select the laying hen. Her comb Is bright aud red aud her plu bones will be well spread apart. Ob nervations should be tuudo during the winter so that the poultry keeper will know which of ills heiis are good lay arts. These should be marked so that they may bo used for mutiny; next spring. A Coated Tongue? What it Means A 1. .l U t U .Alt. l.a A UflU UlUAblli WOKU tUUUUU. UKV ttt in the mouth, languor and debility, aro usually signs thtt the ller is out of order. Prof. Hkm iibter says "Tho liver is an organ secondary la importance only to tb heart." We osa tnanu f ao ture poisons within oar own bodies which ars as deadly as a snako's venom. Tho liver nets as a guard over our well-being, sifting out tiio cinders and ashes from tho general circulation. A blockado in the intestines piles a heavy burden upon tho liver. If tha intestines nre choked or clogged up, tho circulation of the blood becomes poisoned and the system becomes loaded with toxic wnsto, ana we suitor from hendnche, yellow-coated tongue, bad tn8tu in mouth, nausea, or cos, acid dyspepsia, languor, debility, yellovr skin or oyes. At such times ono should tako n pleasant laxative. Such a ona is mndo ol Aiay-appie, leaves ot aioo, Iftlntt. mil Intn rnnt1v.(nnfln fnrm hv Doctor Tierce, nearly fifty yeara ago, anu soiu lor cents oy an uruggujui as Dr. Piorco'a Pleasant Peilots. Stockton, Calif. "Fbr constipation, ritk hmdacbe, an Inactive llrer. 'IndtroUon and bill ouinett there Is nothing to equal Dr. Pierce's Pleasant PelleU. I hare tried other thlnta tat like the 'Pcllota' beat ot anjr,"-tUl3. F. Ca TKLD, 329 8. Q rant Street. GERMOZONE Tho Ideal Flock Treatment for Poultry, preventive n J well us remedlalforKoup.Coldi, Canker, Swell ed or Sore Head, Uiatrhoea, Dowel Trouble, Lim ber Neck, etc Tablet form per package, poatrnld 75o(O.O.D. If desired), Sold by most aemera la bothllquldand tablet form. Uookoodlseoses.free. GEO. II. LRE CO., D,rt. S, Oasks, Nek. A Ut roultry Librur, S tooU THEE with plU,(, UCUUI OlONE. Hrwitiud Generally In Vain. Retribution Is a vigilant watchman on life's highway, and many of us try to slip the guard. A unsfnl rnrd to flnrfleld Tea Co brooklyn, N. Y asking for n sample will repay you. Adv. IN FRANCE OF OLD TIMES Before the Cruelty of War Led tho Minds of Men Astray From Proper Things. When you think of Christmas as It used to he In France,- the first thing that comes Into your mind s tho "creches" that aro set tip In nil the churches tho Virgin, tho Child In tho manger, Joseph, tho shepherds and their sheep, tho three wise men from tho Orient with their cnmels Some times even a shepherd dog Is added for "realism" although ho Is apt to bo modeled on the lines of the chlen berger of Franco, rather than of Pol estlno. In tho poorest village church and In the cathedrals alike, tho Christ mas caudles shone on this charming tableau, and In the evening, after tho day's work was over, whole fomlllofl went to pay their respects to "la Salnto VIergo ot lo petit Jesus" old grandmothers and grandfathers, fai thers and mothers, anil dark-eyed chil dren In black sateen aprons even lit tle Pierrot went In his mother's arms, although he would "falro dodo" and keep on sleeping peacefully In a most unappreclatlvo way. Many Were. "These aro oirty a few of my hunt ing exploits," boasted the young man. "I see. Put what did you do In Franco?" "I wasn't over there." "No?" said the girl. "I vas." Louisville Courier-Journal. The Popular Choice People of culture taste and refine ment are keen for health, simplicity and contentment. Thousands of these people choose the cereal drink INSTANT P0STUM as their table bev erage in place .of tea or coffee. a Healthful . Economical Delicious
