DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD; DAKOTA CITY, NEBRASKA.
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ow Uncle Sam Is Goindfohip
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the Germans in the Air
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ITI1IN (en months the United States
will lmve 25,000 brittle plnnes In ser
vice In Europe. The plnnes will bo
equipped with American motors of 250
horsepower, cnpnblo of driving them nt
a maximum speed of 100 miles an
hour. Furthermore, these motors will
bo constructed principally of aluminum
and will be of less weight per horse
power than nny airplane motor here
tofore built. Thus the plans of the
aircraft board of the council of national defense,
.adopted by the war department and llnonced by
congress, nre in n fair way to bo speedily con
summated. Not long ago, the "Washington correspondent of
ttho Knnsas City Star, who signs himself "II. J.
XI.," went to Dayton, O., to Interview one of the
inventors of the airplane about America's great
jaerlal program, planned to "blind" the German
&rmy. Portions of the reporter's story arc printed
below. It gives some details of what Uncle Sam
is doing In the production of an army of mnn
jblrda: , A young man jumped and caught the propeller
lnde of the biplane and gave It a pull. It turned
Ibalf way around and stopped. Ho repeated the
jierrormonce two or three
times. Suddenly there was a
troar and the propeller .became
I a blur.
It was a hot morning In
Dayton nnd the breeze from
he revolving propeller fan
looked refreshing. The plane
wasn't going up. It was blocked on the ground
.and they were merely trying out the engine. I
stepped forward Into tho breeze.
"The power Isn't turned on yet," said Orville
"Wright, at my side. "It won't be so pleasant hero
when it is."
The roar turned into thunder. The ground
rseemed to be blowing nwny in n cloud of dust.
'"We grabbed for uur hats and retreated.
"Just one of the training planes," Mr. "Wright
explained. "Only a hundred horsepower."
Of no importance on a battle line, perhaps. But
one of thp gathering squadrons thut even now aro
lbeglnnlngeto cast a faint black shadow across the
German horizon.
For this field, with Its four
square miles, Is to be one
of the great centers of
the aircraft work which Is
relied on to turn the scale
of battle on the western
front. And there at one
end of the field, which has
been named the Wilbur
Wright field, In honor of
one of the two brothers
who invented the airplane, Is tho little, wenthor-
ibeaten shed which was used by the brothers as
rthe hangar for their original plane, only thirteen
jyears ago.
It Is Just a plain shed, and beyond It stretches
vtho Imposing line of hangars off into the distance
iprotty nearly two miles of buildings, calculated
to house the 240. planes that aro to be assembled
In tho field eight miles east of Dayton. And, yet,
it Is fittingly preserved as a memorial to the dnys
-when air flight was being slowly and painstakingly
developed by the daring scientific genius of the
AVrlght brothers.
In Washington I had talked with tho men whose
-Imagination had conceived the great 040-mtllIon
dollar aircraft program, and who arc now In
-charge of Its execution. They aro engineers and
-executives, not practical aircraft men. They know
-America's Industrial and engineering resources.
'Their enthusiasm Is contagious.
I went to Dayton to talk with tho World's fore
3nost aeronautical engineer and to learn some of
tho dllllcultles that must bo overcome before we
-can put gout the eyes of the Germans In the nlr,
organize our surprise attacks, destroy tho enemy
communications nnd blow up the Krupp works at
Essen.
Orville Wright is a man of 40, of medium size.
JModest and unassuming, he gives the Impression
-of Independence In thought nnd nctlon. He Is
deliberative in manner, well-organized, perfectly
controlled, clear thinking.
"We can do the job," ho said, as wo drove to
Ttho aviation field. "And It's worth doing. It offers
tus the one big hope of winding up this war next
.year, Instead of permitting It to drag along for
.years to come. All our Information Is that Ger
many and the allies aro keeping about an equal
number of plnnes on tho battle front. We can't
Ibe sure, but their resources In building seem nbout
equal. Each side probably has about 3,500 planes
in active service on the western front, aside from
their reserves nnd training plunes.
"If wo were in a position to put several thou
sand planes, mnnned by trained aviators, on the
-western front today, we might bring the war to an
early end."
"By using the planes to extend the range of
mrtlllery, and bombing tho enemy lines of com--raunlcayon
and his munition plants and naval
Abases?"
"Possibly, to some extent. I nm not particularly
.sanguine over bombing, and I do not believe other
Tilyers are. Tho men who have never flown are
the most enthusiastic over tho possibilities of
dropping bombs. Tho antiaircraft guns keep tho
tflyers ut n height of above two miles. Anyone
who has ever flown nt that height knows tho tre
mendous difficulty of hitting n target. There Is
nothing for him to gauge his speed by. The bomb
drops through nlr currents moving In different di
rections which deflect It
from Its course.
"Tho Krupp works nt
Essen offer n largo
enough tnrget so that
a squadron of airplanes
might bo able to put
them out of business.
Other plants might be
successfully attacked. Under favorable conditions
other bombing operations might be carried out
successfully. But my Idea of the effectiveness of
.supremacy in the air Is along different lines."
"Which ones."
"In other wars the element of surprise has de
termined tho outcomo when tho forces were of
.approximately equal strength. Tho general who
could mass his men so as to fall on a smaller forco
-of the enemy won tho battle. The airplane has
topped that. Now a commander on tho western
.front knows exactly what his opponent Is doing.
JIhero Is no cnance to mnsH men for surprise
r'rilaJM'lHL
Qjci
attacks. Consequently, we hnve the present dead
lock In France.
"What we must do is to drive every enemy air
plane out of tho air. By doing this we not only
prevent the Germnns from knowing what we nro
doing, but we also crlpplo their artillery, for ar
tillery fire has been directed by the nlrpluncs.
Then wo can plan surprise attacks and can drive
the enemy back. In modern warfare the side with
out nlrpluncs Is nt a hopeless disadvantage. When
wo gain complete connuand of the air, when wo
have literally smothered the enemy nlrpluncs, wo
break the deudlock and
win the war.
"Tho nlrplnnc has pro
duced tho deadlock. The
airplane can end It."
now soon can we"
hope to do this?"
"We have the best
men In the country nt
work on the problem. But people must not bo
., impatient if at firsbour progress seems slow. Only
men who hnve tried It know the difficulties of
building a high-power airplane motor."
In the matter of personnel, It mny bo noted, our
aircraft promoters believe wo hnve a grent supe
riority over the rest of the world, for this reason :
It takes an exceptional sort of man to make a
good flyer. He must bo quick-witted and have tho
steadiest sort of nerves. Otherwise, he comes to
grief nnd smashes an expensive machine. Men of
this typo volunteered extensively In Britain and
Canada early In tho war. They constituted tho
armies that went Into the battle line without
adequate artillery protection nnd so were lnrgely
destroyed. The same forces operated to destroy
m tho strong nnd vigorous young men of France anil
Germany who would have made good aviators.
So today America Is the greatest reservoir In the
world of the right sort of material for the per
sonnel of the aircraft service. While tho other
countries are having difficulty In getting proper
men for flyers England has Invited us to send
men to her aviation schools because she cannot
keep them filled our problem Is merely to train
them nnd provide them with equipment.
I nsked Mr. Wright what speed plane we might
xpect to develop.
"It Is a complicated problem, the limit of useful
speed," ho replied. "A good many reckless state
ments aro made on tho subject by persons with
vivid Imaginations. It Is safe to say there aro
machines on the western front that can make 1150
miles an hour. So far ns speed Is concerned thero
are no Inherent Impossibilities in developing a
piano that might mako as high as two hundred
miles nn hour. The difficulty is in the lnndlng.
"A machine's landing speed Is nbout half its
maximum speed. That is, if a plane Is designed
to make n speed of fifty miles nn hour Its wings
will not sustuln it In tho air if it travels slower
than twenty-five miles. It must be moving at a
-peed of at least twenty-five miles an hour to
make a successful landing. So n plane with a
' speed of 180 miles an hour cannot land at a speed
of much less than 6lxty-flve miles."
From the field we drove to the laboratory. It
Is simply a development of the crude shop in
which ho and his brother together worked out the
problem of nlr flight. Tho alrplnno was no lucky
find. It was not developed by rule of thumb.
Wilbur and Orville Wright, sons of n Dayton
United Brethren bishop, nfter getting through high
school, set up a bicycle repair shop. They had a
natural tasto for mechanics nnd for sports. Twenty-one
years ago they became Interested In tho ex
periments of LIHenthal, tho German experimenter,
In a glider. His death nttrncted their attention to
his work. For two years they worked on data
and "laws" thnt other Investlgntors had produced,
only to find that tho work so far done was
worthless.
So In their own shop In Dayton they devised a
"wind tunnel" a chute through which an air
blast was driven by un electric fan, und set to
work measuring tho resistances of curved sur
faces by a wonderfully Ingenious method of their
own devising. By a long series of exact measure
ments and elaborate mathematical calculations In
volving sines and cosines and such, they worked
out the problem of the curvature of the planes
and of the propellers.
The problems of balance were enormously In
tricate. But these, too, they solved. They were
pioneers. They had to discover the dllllcultles
and then find the wny out. So they had to .de
vise the methods. It took unlimited patience,
resourcefulness .and hard thinking to win success.
Ioth tho brothers were primarily scientific men.
They were Impatient to devote themselves to the
scientific side of furthering
the development of aeronau
tics. But they necessarily
had to finance companies,
fight patent suits and con
duct the business of estab
lishing a now Industry.
Wilbur Wright died five
years ago, and in 1015 Or
ville Wright was able to dis
pose of his- business Inter
cuts and devote himself to
the scientific work where his heart has always
been.
In his well-equipped laboratory In Dayton he Is
now conducting two lines of work which will bo
of Immediate value In tho great aircraft program
planned by tho government. One Is tho measure
ment of the air resistance of curved surfaces ; the
other Uie development of a stabilizer to make tho
control of tho airplane moro nearly automatic.
Other aeronautical laboratories the world over
huvo made these measurements of air resistance,
but tho figures have sometimes been as far as 100
or 200 per cent apart. Tho. results obtained by
tho Wright method fourteen years ugo proved sub
stantially accurate, and now Orville Wright Is
taking up tho work where he left It off.
"I hope to proldo the proper measurements for
n largo variety of planes," ho said, ."so that in
building different sorts wo shall not hnve to de
pend on cut -nnd try."
The stabilizer Is an Intricate device by which
the action of a rovolvlng fan holds tho airplane
steady.
"We can set the stabilizer," tho Inventor ex
plained, "In such a way, for Instance, as to keep
the plane moving In a circle, leaving tho pilot freo
to use his hands for making photographs."
The stabilizer has boon tried out successfully,
but needs' fuither refinements so ns to do away
with the need of dally adjustment before, Mr.
Wright Is willing to put It Into service. He Is
on lntlmnte terms with members of tho govern
ment's aircraft production board, and nil ids re
sults nro nt the disposal of the government for
the prosecution of the war.
llo hns great expectations of the development
of aircraft In practical liso after tho war, when
thousands of trained llyers shnll return to civil
life, nnd when we shull have enormous fnctory
cnpnclty for turning out tho best machines In tho
world. But that, again, Is another story.
The Joy and Chivalry of Air Fighting.
Flying has become ns much n mutter of routine
In wnr ns marching on land or srcnmlng on tho
sea, and men nro ordered to fly, nt fixed hours und
for stnted periods, ns though flying were a naturnl
act, and not the organized miracle that It really Is.
A correspondent of tho London Times writes In
terestingly ubout It, saying:
Out in France tho last chivalries, tho last beau
ties of battle have taken refugo In the air. From
tho labors, butcheries, miseries, horrors und nsh
plt desolation of the earth, the lighting romanco
of war hns tnken wings and climbed sunwnrds.
Thero nlouc combat Is Individual, visual, decisive.
There alone has the combatant to rely solely on
himself. There alone Is tho
battle decided not through
veils of distance, between
Impersonnl nnd unknown
hosts, but wing to wing nnd
fnco to fnce. There alone
nro the rare courtesies of
warfare still possible; it
wns n British squndron thnt
suggested, nnd n British nlr
mnn who executed, tho
dropping of n funeral
wreath over the German lines ns n tribute to tho
air-warrior Immelmnnn. And there nlonc can In
dividual skill nnd courage have their swift reward.
For one flash, between a dip and n climb of his
swallow flight, tho fighting airman may catch the
glint of his opponent's eye, and, If the momentnry
burst of fire be truly directed, see him crumple up
In his seat and tho noso of his muchlne dip nnd
begin Its fatal spinning dive, while tho victor soars
up again to snfety nnd solitude.
And whnt a solitude Is his I From tho moment
In tho nlrplano when the mechnnlc hns given his
Inst heave, und tho Inst curt verbnl exchnngc,
'"Contact, sir 'Contnct, " hns been given, nnd
the engine sets up Its mighty droning song, tho
nlrmnn Is alone, submerged In that roaring music,
, deaf and dumb. For perhnps a minute ho sits
thero testing his engine, fingering his levers, as
suring himself that all Is well; and then, as tho
drono sinks to n hum, ho makes
his last communication tho
characteristic quick outwnrd
wavo of tho hands and arms.
Tho chocks are pulled away,
tho hum rises to a drone, breaks
Into a roar, nnd ho Is off, bump
ing over tho uneven enroll until
his speed gives his wings their
life, tho rough ground is shed nwny from benenth
his feet, nnd he rises into tho sudden pence of
tho air.
The "peace of the air" may seem like a con
tradiction In terms In wnr time; but it Is tho
supremo sensntlon of fnlr-weather flying, apart
from flying nnd fighting. Once you hnve got your
height, whether It be a thousund or ten thousand
feet, you seem to be absolutely at rest at rest
In sunshine and n strong gale. The dim carpet or
map beneath you hardly moves ; and although the
trembling fingers of the little clocks nnd dials
before you witness to the fluidity of your element
and tho tenderness of your hold on It, yet tho
only things thnt do not
seem to movo nro tho
wings and stays of your
machine which surround
you, a rigid cage from
which you look forth
upon tho slow-turning
earth or the rushing
clouds. It is not until
the engine has been
shut off, and you begin to plnne In mighty circles
toward the earth ngan, that you get, In that de
licious rush down the hill of air, any sensation of
speed; nnd not until, n moment before lnndlng,
you skim over the earth at 80 miles an hour, that
you realize with what pace you hnve been rushing
through the airy vacancy.
But these are the sensations of mere Joy-riding
Ten or twenty minutes may take the fighting pilot
to his stntlon In the air over the enemy's lines.
How puny the absurdity of the greatest wnr of
all time enn appear Is only known to the nlrmnn
ns he sits In the breeze nnd the sun, high nbovo
It all; tho danger to him Is not down there,
although to uscend into his remote sphere ho has
to pass through the zone of anti-aircraft fire; his
own pnrtlculor enemy Is tho German fighting ma
chine, which may come down to hnrry or destroy
the observer, and which he must himself attack
the moment It makes Its appenrarice. Between
these two he watchfully patrols, and all this time,
although a battle may be raging beneath him, ho
hears nothing but the strong, rnsplng hum of his
engine. He flics nnd fights alone.
RAVAGING A WASTED COUNTRY.
Tho daring of the Amerlcnn girl of a century
ago and the Frenchman's traditional habit of
yielding to tho will of "tho ladles" form tho
fnbrle of an amusing bit of family record that
Mr. William Allen Butler gives In "A Itetrospect
of Forty Years."
My aunt, Mary Allen, hnvlng spent some tlmo In
France, was proficient In her knowledge of tho
French language and manners, ho says. On a
visit that she paid to Lafayette, who was always
exceedingly courteous to Americans, she told him
that she had a great favor to ask. Ho Indicated
that ho would grant It, and she begged him for n
lock of his hair.
"Madam," said tho general, "I wear a wig!"
But to show his willingness lo meet her wishes,
ho proposed to remove the wig nnd let her appro
priate any remaining natural hairs that sho could
find.
Sho nccepted his offer and proved herself to bo
a good searcher by getting n few clippings, which
sho brought homo, as n great treasure, nnd dl
vlded honornbly with my mother. Ench sister
carefully preserved her quota of hairs In a rlna
W
HUNG
STATE AND COUNTY COUNCILS
CONFER AT LINCOLN.
CRISIS OF
PLEDGE SUPPORT TO NATION
Request Hnller to Resign. Opposo
Gorman Teaching and Discuss
Numerous Vital Questions.
WOMAN'S LIFE
Change Safely Passed by
Taking Lydia E. Pinkham'a
Vegetable Compound.
Lincoln, Sept. 11. One hundred
representatives of county councils uml
oiucers of tho SUito Council of Do
fenso met hero during fair week und
pledged their utmost support of Ne
braska and her citizens to their coun
try In tho great world war.
Speeches full of enthusiasm, loyal
ty und patriotism by tho chairmen of
tho county councils, who know condi
tions In their territory, and state of
ficials who know conditions In statu
nnd national affairs, constantly I
brought cheers and appreciation from
the delegates assembled at the meet
ing. Tho sentiment of tho meeting
was that Nebraska's resources should
bo placed at tho disposal of tho Unit
ed States government during tho wnr.
Tho meetings, although mnrked by
sharp discussion ulong some lines, re
vealed that all the members wero
working toward tho sumo ends and
should concentrate on ono efficient
manner to attain the ultimate result.
Every county representative pledged
tho support and loyalty of his people
to tho stato council In its work. All
agreed thut only through co-opcrntlon
could the results desired bo obtained
nnd It was felt that tho meeting will
result In n moro general understand
ing between tho county nnd stato
councils nnd wcrk for tho benefit of
both concerned.
A resolution domnndlng the resigna
tion of Frnnk L. Ilallcr, president of
tho board of regents of tho University
of Nebraska, was passed by tho con
ference nmld loud npprovnl of those
present. Tho conference went n step
farther. It nsked tho board of regents
to depose Mr. Haller, If ho refuses lo
resign. The conference commended
Itlchnrd L. Mctcnlfc for his courage
ous Ioynlty In unmasking Mr. Hnllcr's
nllcgcd duplicity. Tho members ex
pressed n belief that this will bring
Mr. Hnller to take some (Infinite step
one way or the other.
German text books will bo strictly
tnbooed, If the county councils hnvo
their wny. They opposo the tenchlng
of ntiy foreign lnnguago In grado
schools, or tho teaching of tho Ger
man language in nny public school.
Tho county men feel thnt In passing
this resolution they nro speaking tho
sentiments of a mnjority of tho pooplo
of tho stnte. The fact that many
schools have nbollshed the tenchlng
of Germnn mny bo nn indlcntlon of
the sentiment of these people In Ne
braska. Tho Gorman press nlso came In for
a round of scoring by tho conference.
Claiming that tho German language
papers aro using Inslduous methods
against tho welfare of tho country,
the country cnlls for tho regulation
of suppression of the German press
nnd demands thnt the United States
congress pa laws lo that effect.
The conference called upon all fed
eral officers to rigidly prosecute nil
vlolntlons of existing federal lnws re
lating to treason. If existing laws do
not denounce ns crlmlnnl stntements
derogatory to tho country nnd Its pur
pose In time of wnr the council cnlls
upon tho congress of tho United
Slates (o pass laws to that end.
Vice Chairman Couplnnd of the
state council of defense spoke In the
Interest of tho seed wheat campaign
which Is being pushed by tho stnte
council. The county councils have
boon asked to operate so as to mako
tho campaign effective. The county
representatives In session showed
their Interest and a willingness to co
operate with tho seed wheat cam
paign by passing a resolution approv
ing tho work of tho stato council and
tho nppolntmont of G. W. Wattles, na
tional food administrator for Nebras
ka, and C. T. Nenl, the government
wheat buyer, for the territory tri
butary lo tho Omaha mnrfcet.
The following resolution urging tho
united efforts of the county councils
and citizens of Nebraskn was offered
by the committee and passed by tho
conference :
"Aftor month of prepnrntlon the firmed
forces of tlio Unltod Btntes nro nbout to
tnUn their plnre upon tho hnttln lino Our
vounu men will won li In tho trenches
tt In moro thnn ever necessary thnt they
should know thiH hohlnd them I" tho un
divided nnl determined spirit of n loynl
pconlu to tlm end thnt their imorMcfH mnv
Ipo lessened, nnd thnt the victory for whMi
they (lKlit muy ho tho sooner nchloved Vwi
therefore enll upon nil defense rounrlls of
thn ntntn to Increase their pntrlotlo efforts
to tlm end thnt every element of streimth
mny ho exerted In hnlmlf of n. Just iind
righteous rnuso nnd nlso thnt nowhere with
in thn confines of Nelirnsks. shnll there ha
nnvthlnc hut unquestioned nnd unyMdlntr
loyalty to the cnuso of Justlfn nnd of free
dom Railroads Kill 10,000 In Year.
Washington, D. C, Sept. 10. Ten
thousand ono persons wc: killed In
railroad accidents during 101G nnd
190,722 were Injured, nccordlng to
figtrrcs covering the year, mado pub
lic by tho Interstate commerce commission.
.ftr J jtKf
Probe German Publications.
Washington, Sept. 10. Tho govern
ment is investigating Germnn Inn.
gungo newspapers, socialist piibllofl.
tlons and llteraturo of pacifist organ.
Uatlons. Prosecutions may follow.
Wagoner, Okla. "1 novor got tired
of praising Lydia E. Pinkham'a Vego-
ibuio Lompouna
bocaueo during
Chango of Lifo I
was In bed two
years and had two
operations, but all
the doctors and op
erations did mo no
good, and I would
havo been In my
gravo today had it
not been for Lydia
E. Pinkham'a Veg
etable Comnound
which brought mo out of it all right, so -I
am now well and do all my housework,
besides working in my garden. Several
of my neighbors havo got well by tak
ing LydiaE. Pinkham'a vcgetablo Com
pound." Mra. Viola. Finical, Wagon
er, Okla.
Such warning symptoms as sense of
suffocation, hotilaahcs, headaches, back
aches, dread of impending evil, timidity,
sounds in tho cars, palpitation of tha
heart, sparks boforo tho eyes, irregu
larities, constipation, variable appetite,
weakness and dizziness should bo needed
by middle-aged women. Lydia E. Pink
barn's Vcgetablo Convpound hns carried
many women Bofely through tho crisis.
SAW HIS ERROR TOO LATE
Misfortune Convinced Tommy He Had
Used Salt Water on Wrong Por
tion of His Anatomy.
Tommy Tonkins was keen on baseball
nnd particularly ambitious to make hi!
mark as a cntcher. Any hint, howovei
small, was welcomed if It helped on
his ndvnnco In tills department of the
game. When ho begnu to havo troubh
with hlo hands, and somebody suggest
cd soaking them in salt water to hard
en tho skin, ho quickly followed th(
ndvlce. Alus 1 a few days later Tommj
had a misfortune. A hit nt tho bot
tom of tho garden sent tho ball crash
ing through a neighbor's sitting roore
window. It wns tho third Tommy had
broken slnco tho season began.
Mrs. Tonkins nearly wept In nngei
when Tommy broko tho news.
"Yer father il skin ycr when h
comes homo tonight 1" sho said.
Poor Tommy went outsldo trembling
to reflect. His thoughts traveled to tin
punitive strap hanging in tho kltchcc
and ho eyed his hands ruefully.
"Ah 1" ho muttered, with n sigh. "J
make a big mistake. I ought to hav
sat in that salt and water."
Knew What a Sapling Was.
An Amerlcnn umbulnnco driver
lntcly returned from tho French front
tells of visiting nn instruction camp
In Englnnd before snlllng for tha
United Stutes. A gunner, he snld, wns
leurnlng to shoot nt targets, and the
otllcor In charge asked tho novice:
"You see that sapling on tho hill
side?" "No, sir," replied the gunner nfter n
careful look, "I don't sco no snpllng."
"What!" yelled the officer, "you seo
no sapling? Why, there's ono right In
front of you."
After another squint the soldier re
ported ns before.
"Look here," said Jho officer, "do
vnu Know what a sapling Is?"
"Oh, yes, sir," answered the gun
ner, "a young pig." New York Sun.
In Same Fix as Our Enemy Aliens.
A traveler nt u small hotel In a
backward seacoast town of Now Eng
land complained to tho clerk of tho Inn
concerning the food, the beds, tho
rooms In fact, thero was nothing in
the house that pleased him. When
lie finished, the old, long-benrded pro
prietor of tho place drawled:
"Young man, did anyono nsk you to
come here?"
"No, I don't know that they did."
"Wal, did anyono ask you to stny
here after you came?"
"No, I don't know that they did."
"Wal, they wun't." Manufacturers
Record.
Nothing Jolts n woman's sweot,
trusting disposition Ilko marrluge.
Ho is a lucky man who can stretch
the truth without breaking It.
-t5g
ACK1 Wheat;
-
,
"W1 A m.-
fHLLLktaz- A
w
.y.
&
ry.
s.
The wholesome
miatritiont
of wheat cad
barley in most
appetizing form
