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About Dakota County herald. (Dakota City, Neb.) 1891-1965 | View Entire Issue (May 14, 1914)
DAKOTA COUNTY HERALD: DAKOTA CITY. NEBRASKA. h .! i f i in r f ! I 1 TWO POPULAR NOBLEWOMEN IN PARIS Vr" jjClfW'k lk aW. The two most popular women of tho aristocracy In Paris are the Baronne do Pollakoff (left), wife of tho czar's ltd visor In French affairs, and tho Countess do Montobollo (right). Both aro lavish entertainers of members of the "smart sots" of Amorlca and Great Britain and aro noted for their charm and beauty. DISCOVERY THAT GRAVITATION IS CAUSED BY ELECTRICITY, ANNOUNCED Prof. T. J. J. See, Government Astronomer at Mare Island, Upsets Newton's Law, He Claims, and Shows Gravitation Is Trans mitted With the Velocity of Light, 186,000 Miles Per SecondHas Worked on Problem for Thirty Years. San Francisco. Prof. T. J. J. Seo, government astronomer at Maro island, announced bis discovery that gravitation Is caused by electricity. He has upset Nowton's law, ho said, and shows that gravitation is trans mitted with tho velocity of light, 186. 000 miles per second. For 30 years Professor Sob has worked on tho problems of light and gravitation. Able, impartial and ex perienced men of science, he said, as Euro him that tho way is now opened for'moro important developments than any which have occurred in tho phys ical Bdonces for two conturles. If he lives tho work will occupy his atten tion for at least ten years to como. So opoch-mnklrig doos ho consider his discoveries that he sent long cable grams on the subject to Lord Raleigh, head of tho Royal society of London, on April 7 and April 14. Ho also tojo graphed his discoveries to the navy department In Washington for trans mission to ProsIdent'WilBon. Tho discoveries are mado ' public coincident with tho discussion of tho jiaturo of gravitation beforo tho Ameri can Philosophical eocloty at tho an nual general meeting In Philadelphia. The law of universal gravitation was .established by Sir Isaac Nowton In 1C80, and has been tho basis of our knowledge of tho henvonly motions for ovor two centurios. Nowton himself repeatedly declared during his life time that while ho had formulated the law of attraction and explained Its ap plication to the sun and planets, tho earth and tho moon, ho did not know the cause of gravitation. "Hitherto I have not boon able 'to discover tho cause of gravitation from phenomena, and I framo no bypotheaco," said New ton; and ho added, "but for us It Is enough that gravitation doos really exist, and acts according to the laws we have explained, and abundantly serves to account for tho motions of tho heavenly bodies and of our sea," Professor Bog's announcement la that Nowton's law of attraction is not strictly correct, except for bodies re volving in circular orbits, and thus experiencing no rolatlyo change of dis tance; but that tho true law of nature is what la known aB Webor's olectro dynamlo law, which will apply to bodies revolving In orbits of any shape. Gravitation comes to the earth from tho sun in about eight minutes. Hitherto astronomer have not un derstood tho nature of gravitation and nothing has been known about its ve locity of propagation. Laplaco tried to investigate the velocity of trans mission over a century ago, and reached tho conclusion that velocity was at least fifty million times greator than that of light. On account of tho high authority of Laplaco in as tronomy, it was a long timo before anyone attempted to further investi gate tho nature and velocity of gravi tation. But for porno years it has been known that method of calculation employed by Laplaco was faulty; and a good many would bavo bollovod the velocity of gravitation similar to that of light, If they could have discov ered any mechanical baBla for such a theory. Recently Professor See was able to show that all electric currenta carry Bolld matter with tho electricity; In fact electricity cannot bo separated from matter, and an electric current as it runs along a wire curls oround It In corkscrew fashion, and In this helical motion throws off at every step millions of particles of eolld matter moving with tho velocity of light. These solid particles are charged with , eloctrjclty, and go right through tho PLAY HOAX ON THE KAISER? Constant "Discoveries" Revive the Story of Planted Relics to Fool the Emperor. Berlin.' Considerable amusement has been caused here by the dally bulletins of tho archaeological activ ities of the kaiser at Corfu. Every time nn ancient relic la din covered by the excavators, working under the emperor's cyo, extinctive Kccounts aro circulated In tho German Jr Insulation of tho wlro, tho clothing and bodies of men and animals, as In case of tho emission of tho X-ray npparatus. Tho particles of metal carried away, as tho current revolves round tho wire, have mass, and when expelled and driven away into spaco with tho ve locity of light there is an equal re action of '"kick back," and often tlmoe tho "kick back" is so strong as to twist up tho wlro. Eloctrlclans do not seem to havo understood elthor the twisting of a wire by an escaping cur rent, or why it Is so destructive to life, and so powerful mechanically. After a careful examination of tho problem Professor See claims that it Is all pocmno of tho small amount of solid matter carried in tho current, with tho enormous velocity of light tho energy being as tho Bqunro of tho velocity, and thus enormous oven for vory small masses. In dealing comprehensively with the wave theory of light, Profossor See discovered that light is not really due to waves In tho so-called Aothor, but ta really caused by electrically charged particles shaped llko eggs, revolving about tho shorter axis, and giving by tholr revolution nn impression of wave motion which docolved many eminent philosophers of ho past contury. Thus by penetrating into tho nature of light Professor Seo was able to restoro Now ton's theory largely, at tho sumo time rotalnlng tho advantugea of tho Aether wave theory, without Its manifest and admitted disadvantages, and fantastic and violent assumptions. By this dat ing and skilful Innovation ho puts tho wbolo theory of light on a now baBls, and In lino with modern knowledge of electricity. Tho particles of light aro similar to tho particles carrlod awey In olectrlc currents, but much smaller In lzo; and tho whole theory of Aothor Is abandoned ae having no real existence. This elimination of the lumlnlferous Aether represents a mlleatono In mod ern progress, and Is Btiro to awaken lively discussions in tho aclentlflo cir cles of Europo and America, In April, 1911, qulto a discussion was carried on at tho annual mooting of the Ameri can Philosophical noclety in Phlladol phla, and It was then agreed, by nu merous physicists in attendance, that tho doctrine of the Aether waa essen tially wrong, but no ono was ablo to substltuto a better explanation. Qomlng to a popular exposition of the cauBo of gravitation, Profosaor Seo said It was rpally only an appar ent attraction between bodlos, duo to ropulslon from them In all -directions of minute particles moving nt tho Bpeed of 180,000 miles a second, and thus driving them togothor. Owing to mo fact that each bodv nets na n screen to tho other, more of those rap idly moving particles come from with out than from tho direction of tho other body, and thus tho bodies aro forced together, and tho planets re tained In tholr orblta round tho sun. It had been recoenlzed bv nhlloso. phers, ho said, that if such rapidly moving partlcleB could bo shown to exist, they would explain gravitation; but It waB only when he got rid of the hypothetical Aether, and proved that light Is duo to electrically chargod corpuscles of solid matter In lino with othosr modern electrical discoveries, that a truo mechanical baels for gravi tation had been discovered and this forco shown to be transmitted with tho velocity of light. Tho ropulslon of minute particles from tho earth and sun forco them to gether, by reaction, Just as would hap pen If two parallel moving battleships each had six guns dlrocted outwardly, press by tho faithful official telegraph agency. Roland von Berlin, the society weokly, repeats a Btory, first pub lished a year or two ago, that the relics aro carefully planted at Corfu that they may bo discovered by tho kalsor. Roland nuotea a romark. said to hao hoen made at tho Potsdam Mili tary fuslno by Crown Prince George of Qreece. In a convivial moment lust jeur "Pooplo aro busy at Corfu the whole but only ono towards each other; the four extra guns on each ship throwing sheila away from tho other are not counterbalanced by any projectilei thrown In tho direction of tho other ship, and thus the two vessels, undor tho action of incessant firing, will gradually approach. The reaction drives the ships towards each other, and a similar reaction Is Incessantly at work among tho heavenly bodies when an inflnlto number of particles of fine dust Is expelled from them with tho velocity of light and totally iuiporceptlblo to our souses. Thus gravitation Is duo to tho action of re pulelvo forces In nature, and Is really not an attraction aftor all. A similar explanation to that made for gravitation Is given of magnets, and tho magnetism of the earth, which has puzzled philosophers for ovor threo centuries, since Gilbert pub lished his first) work on magnetB In tho year 1600. The magnets aro re ceiving and transmitting outwardly streamB of mlnuto corpuscles moving with tho velocity of light, and tho re action thus arising gives riso to ap parent attraction, tho Intensity being greatly augmented ovor that of gravi tation because the molecular groups aro so arranged as to direct tho repul sion of tho particles uniformly along cortaln lines, wherena In gravitation thero Is a haphazard arrangement of tho molecular groups, and tho reac tions largely destroy each other, leav ing only a feeble rcslduo of attraction equal In nil directions. ,In tho caso of tho earth, undor tho incessant orbital revolution of tho sun, electrifying our globo for hundreds of millions of years, tho streams of elec trically chargod particles containing Iron and other substances running through it with almost the velocity of light, has converted our planot into a groat magnot, thus confirming tho old idea of Gilbert In confirmation of this vlow, Professor Seo points out that tho magnetic poles of tho earth aro essentially perpondlcular to the ecliptic In which tho sun revolves, showing a fundamental dependence. An lntlmato connection between tho oarth'8 magnotlc storms and tho sun spot disturbances has been known for three-quarters of a century; but tho significance of tho observations of John Allen Droun about 1845 that thero is a magnotlc tido In tho earth depending on tho moon and varying according to exactly tho samo law as tho tides of tho sea, has not been pre viously appreciated. This magnotlo tide le direct observational proof that Weber's olectro-dynamlc law governs tho universe, instead of the Nowtonlan law. In conclusion Professor See pointed out that tho electro-dynamic law of Weber accounts for all the known at tractive phenomena of tho heavens fold tho earth, and bo thereforo cabled Lord Raleigh that It Is the fundamen tal law of nature, oporatlng uniformly throughout tho sidereal universe Previous Investigators could not seo any mechanical baslB for Webor's law; and even Weber himself (1804-1891) a contemporary and friend of Gaueo at Gottlngen, did not understand the basis of his law. COMMUTES ACROSS THE SEA Son of Vlscomtesso Sombreull Lovei Paris, Daughter America, Forcing Mother to Travel to See Them. Now York. Vlscomtesso De Vllle lumo Sombreull, who arrived herd aboard the stoamshlp Oceanic, has two children, a son nnd a daughter Tho son loves Paris more than any i other city on tho map, and Eglo, the daughtor, thinks thero Is no 'such plnco as America. Tho "son will not Vlscomtesso De Vlllelume Sombreull. leave Paris, and tho daughter wlllnof leave America; so, tho mother is com pollod to commuto across the ocean In order that she may bo with, ono or tho other of hor children for a cer tain period. Tho mother waa Joyous ly greotcd by tho daughter when tho former urrlvod at tho pier. Northwestern Co-Ed Under Restraint. Chicago,-Northwestern co-eds havo boon forbidden to give chafing dish parties nnd make fudge for lingering' young swnlnfl in tho dormitories at midnight . Deer Wrecks a Kitchen, Cold Bprlnge, N. Y. Frightened by doga, a deor bounded Into Albert Spangler'a kitchen, wrecked tho place and eBcapcd. wlntor putting old trash Into the propor plnco." Boys Deat Girls at Biscuit Making. Nowport, R. I. Two boys out of a class of eight, won a biscuit making contest against a class of 16 girls at Rogora high school. Cruelty Charged to Husband, Atlantic City, N. J Mrs. Thomas Damod charged that her husband tied her to a chair unil mado their daugh ter hurl knives at her. &WtUllIliTOT18r Making Tomorrow's World By WJILTEJl WILLIAMS, LL.D. iDtan of the School of Jeamalttm oflht Untttnlly aMlstoarf) ' SOCIALISM Melbourne, Aus tralia. On tho first pages of tho morning newspa pers In Mel bourne which newspapers fol low the conserva tive British cus tom of excluding nows from first pages may bo Been an adver tisement with this opening sen tence: "Wo will re liovo you of tho worries of man aging your own affalrB." It Is not, as might bo expect od, an advertisement of the policy and practise of an Australian government nor even of the advanced socialistic element in the Labor party. It is tho business announcement of a company which acta as trustee, attorney and agont. It does represent, however, tho drift of Australian political thought, na shown In vote, pnrty plat form and legislative enactment. For Australia is seeking to relievo tho In dividual from tho worries of manag ing his own affairs and turn this man agement over to the state or com monwealth government That govern ment, apparently, 1b regarded best which governs most Paternalism of the State. To enumerate the enterprises in which tho government of tho com monwealth or of one or more of the Australian states has engaged, would bo to supply a long catalogue. Pri vate contract between employer and employo has been abolished as far as It afTects a minimum wage. Arbi tration of Industrial differences has beon made compulsory. Collective bargaining by labor has been estab lished by statute. Tho trades union has boon given preference. The right of society as a wholo to Interfere In private business has boon recognized in tho fundamental law. Engaged In Many Enterprises. In another direction, the right of tho state, representing society as a whole, to engage in business of any kind Is unquestioned. Tho railways aro nationalized. Excepting a few miles of private lines run to coal mines or factories, all the Australian railways are owned and operated by tho" stato. Tho same Is true of many of the tramenr or street railway sys tems. Tho state of Now South Wales, for example, owns and operates the Reaping Oats street car system of Sydney, Its chief city. If tho state of jllssourl owned and operated tho street car system of St. Louis or tho stato of Illlnola tho street car system of Chicago, tho caso would bo a parallel one. Tho tele graph and telephone llnea aro state; owned and atato operated. Tho state lenda money to farmers who wish to buy land or stock farms. It builds houses for worklngmen to purchase on easy terms or rent It nlda minora In prospecting for aud developing mlnoralproportles. It gives bounties and subsidies to manufacturers. It oporates nurseries which supply trees and shrubs without cost. It owns and operates Irrigation works, brlck-mak-Ing plants, abattoirs, meat-freezing works and engages In mnny other en terprises ordinarily left to tho Initia tive of private Interests, Tho Aus tralian may borrow money from tho stato to buy a farm nnd stock It with sheep or cattle, ho may ship hla prod uce to tho stato markot over a Btate railway, havp It slaughtered by state butchors, direct Its salo by state tele graph, leprn tho results through a atato telephone, as ho sits In a state concert hall listening to an organ re cital by n state organist. And tho end la not yet. tow Telegraph and Telephone Rates. As to some ontorprUes In which tho Australian stato has engnged thero 1b little or no difference of opinion. Tho telephone nnd telegraph sorvlco aro regarded us properly In the hands of tho government Tho choapnosa of this Borvlce, Its comprehensiveness and excellence havo commanded It. Ono may sond, for a shilling (24 cents), 1G words by telegraph as far as from Now York to San Francisco, whllo for a ponny (2 conta) ono may talk flvo minutes through a public tolophone from tho street corners In tho larger cities within tho radlua of the city, or suburban service. Few would chango tho tolograph or tolo phone to prlvato monopoly. Govern ment aid to tho settlement of land, to Immigration, to tho development of the "back blocks" or now country Is generally approved by loadors of all parties Aa to tho wisdom of completo na- tc. sj&i. ."S'.sssk-' - Mm&m wiumi i h IV ?.;&D m&.- jinmrfflmmmm&&& '-:7s&-,3,fe ---- iigfriiijnffWTffiXfflfflriT'W' -" 1 IN OUR TIME tlonallzatlon of railways there Is con siderable dispute, though the oppo nents of nationalization are apparently" In a small minority. Thero are sug gestions that prlvato capital bo en couraged by grants of land or other bonuses to build lines of railway In tho vnst Interior of Australia where tho states havo as yet been unwilling or unablo to do so. Another sugges tion Is made that the stato owned railways bo, as In India, leased, under sultablo restrictions, for operation to prlvato companies. But neither sug gestion has uny considerable political support. Tho railway service Is crude, Its finances are muddled and It has followed In the development of the country, rather than, as In the United States, preceded and brought nboul this development. Tho "back blocks" have not as many votes aB the su burbs of Sydney, Brisbane and Mel bourne or tho city wards. An ap parent improvement is noticeable In tho railway service and the general management shows betterment Tho politician, through the pressure of nn enlightened public oplnloivls coming, though slowly,' to regard tho railway systems aB non-political enterprises. Tho evils of the system havo boon largely due to hot-house politics. Socialism Partially In Force. "Socialists and Anti-Socialists In Australia," Bald W. M. Hughes, labor member of parliament and former at torney goncral, "havo tho most ex traordinary Ideas of what socialism really is. It 1b not something to bo brought about by 'act of parliament or by vote. It Is a growth just as a boy grows Into a man. Socialism will come In Australia but by slow growth. Complete collectivism, when we get thnt far, will appear tho moat ordinary, natural and Inevitable thing In the world for those who live under It. Many will think It a perfect system and others will object to It, but by nil It will bo regarded as perfectly natural. Socialism, which, as I under stand It, means tho substitution of co-operation for competition, will re placo Individualism gradually but surely because It is the fittest to sur vive. The belief that socialism can be achlevod by any coup, violent or peaceful, can only be entertained by those who fall utterly to understand not only whnt socialism Is but what those factors which make for change aro. The Lambeth conference com mittee wisely concluded that 'any sys tem of social reconstruction may bo called socialism, which alms at unit ing labor and the instruments of la bor (land and capital) whether by means of tho state or the co-operation of tho poor.' Modern socialism Is In Australia. hore; less robust, less complex, less comprehensive, than it will be In the years to come, but It is here. Just as a boy Is less robust than a man, and, In the sense that n boy Is not a .man, socialism la not here now and, In tho aenso that a boy Is a man, socialism Is here In Australia now." All Parties Socialistic. Ab to the progress toward a larger socialism, "It is our policy," said the secretary of the Sydney labor coun cil, "to hold what we possess nnd strive for more. What the Sydney working people, for example, want Just now Is house room at a moderate rental and this can bo secured only by tho government building cottages wherever tho 'workman may wish." And A. W Poarse, editor of tho Pas toral Review, able nntl-BocIallst, said, a few minutes afterward: "Tho Btato should assist rural laborers to procure small areas In rural districts, where they can marry and rear families closo to their dally work. They would soon loso their socialistic inclina tions." And tho liberal prima minister of the commonwealth, Joseph Cook, romarkod: "The pictures drawn of soctnllsm would be beaut'ful If It wore not for tho black blotches on them. Against that kind of socialism the liberals are united." Theso expres sions of opinion from persons of wldo ly divergent political beliefs nhow the existence of socialistic sentiment In all parties In Australia. Between them It Ib moroly n question of degreo. It Is a curious paradox thnt tho so called antl-soclullsts of the liberal party have enacted as much socialis tic legislation, laws directly opposed to individualism, as the avowedly so cialistic Boction of tho Labor party when In control. Names do not frighten tho Australian. He Is rather concerned as to results. Individual Initiative tags. And what aro the results? General ization Is dangerous, Cortaln results, however, nro apparent. The working day of long hours Is passing nway. Thero Is less work and more play In Australia than In any other civilized country Prlvato capltnl which finds better returns elsewhere does not rush to tho Island-continent. Individual lnltlativo 1b not so keen. The avorago Australian leans against tho wall or tho fence or the lamp post In ma terial affairs ho leans on tho govern ment The chief end of llfo to him Is not buBlness, but tho chief ond of business Is llfo. Governments nro In stituted among men, according to his view, not to proscrvo order nnd per mit individual effort but to give high rates of wages and establish holidays. Thoro Is much Idealism In tho grow ing socialism of Australia but more materialism. It alms at larger leisure and greater ploasuro. Play First, Then Work. "Will you describe tho Australian as developing under your moderato so cialism?" I asked a distinguished co lonial author. "In what respect does ho differ from his conservative Brit ish ancestors?" "I will not do that," was tho reply, "but I will tell you a Btory. An Eng lishman, discussing Australia, told of a young official In his business houso who was efficient and ambitious. This ofllclal aspired to be the head of tho firm ono day and allowed no other Idea to engago his thoughts. It chanced that ho was sent to Sydney Australia, to a position of responsi bility for his firm. He returned after five years. His outlook on life had entirely changed. As regards work ho was as offlclont, as quick, as rcr liable. But his chief Ideal now was to enjoy llfo; tho headship of tho firm took second place to that Ho had acquired the Australian viewpoint" Tho story Illustrates tho Aus tralian's attitude toward work and play play first And, undbr even moderato socialism, the tendency among Australians Is to let tho gov ernment do all tho work we'll go play. Ho seeks socialism In our timo with tho hope nnd fond expectation that It will .relieve from the worry and work of managing his own affnlrs. The nntl-soclallsts Insist that with social ism In full measure attalnod In Aus tralia, the Australian commonwealth and citizen will havo no affairs to manage. (Copyright, 1914, bv Joseph B. Bowles.) SHARE FARMING IN AUSTRALIA Plan That 8eems Worth Copying la Especially Successful With Big Wheat Crops. In view of tho fact that tho estimate of the present season's wheat crop of New South Wnlos Is set down at near ly forty-two million bushels, exceeding last season's record by nearly nine and one-half million bushels, It Is proof of the value of the share farming that a considerable number of the wheat farms of New South Wales, and par ticularly the largo ones, are worked on what Is known In Australia as the "shares" Bystem. Under this Bystem a farmer possess ing the necessary team and implement arranges with the land owner to crop a certain area for a season or for a number of seasons. The usual form of agreement provides that the land owner shall provide land, seed, two thirds of the manure, where manure Is used, and bags for his share. Tho farmer does tho cultivating and har vesting, using his own plant; provides one-third of tho manure, and bags for his share. Up to a specified yield of the crop tho owner and farmer toko equal shares; any excess becomes tho prop erty of tho farmer as a bonus to en courage good and thorough farming. This method of working large areas Is Invariably a success where tho ar rangement 1b drawn up on a truly co operative baslB, and Is one of the most satisfactory ways of working large es tates. Share farming enables a settler with little mony nt his disposal to ac cumulate enough moans to buy land of his own. New Yorker Shoots Polar Bear. The shooting of the first polar bear waa delegated to Mr. S. Osgood Pell of New York, a privilege of no secon dary kind In a party of rather keen sporting appetites. It was midnight the transparent gauze of a half dark ness. A sailor called our attention to a blot of white moving cautiously to ward the ship, and In a few minutes the ungraceful bulk of a polar bear was plainly visible, ambling along fas ter and faster. When within a hun dred yards ho uttered an angry growl nnd raced toward us, with the mani fest intention of clearing tho Neptuno nnd her passengers off the map of the Arctic. Mr. Pell's first shot hit him In the shoulder and tumbled him off the "pan" info the water. He attempted to dive, but rifle after rifle took n line on him nnd landed four or five Bhots before he gave up tho fight. Wo low ered a small boat, photographed Mr. Pell and his bear, and brought tho first real trophy proudly aboard. Wide World Magazine. Gladstone's Persuasive Power. Stafford houso was the Garlbaldlan headquarters In London during the visit of 18C4; and a society pleasantry of tho time was a proposal to marry tho hero tx tho old duchess of Suther land. Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff tells how some severely practical person objected that this wns Impossible; be cause Garibaldi had a wife already. "Oh!" Bald Abraham Hay ward, "we'll put up Gladstone to explain her away." Oldest Power Plant In New York. The oldest Isolated power plant In New York City, according to the En gineering Nows, Is that in tho Mills Building in Broad street. It was in stalled in 1883, or only four years aft er the announcement of Edison's In 'candescent lamp. Hero aro tho fif teenth and nineteenth Edison dyna mos, still running with thler original stonra engines. These havo been run ning every day for 31 years. The Way of It "So the man you dunned for that, monoy was very angry J Did you man ago to placate him?" "No, I tried to, but ho not tho stran gle hold first." A Home-Made Remedy, Ho My dear, see that I am not dis turbed I havo to write a paper on the nbatpment of tho smoko nuisance Sho- That's easy Stop using cigar ttos. Home, JrS?v Tow HELP5 MOVE TO ABOLISH FENCES Pittsburgh Newspaper Regards Idea With Favor, but Has Doubt of Its Practicability. Baltimore comes forward with a community back yard Idea, already the subject of practical experiment In thnt city, remarks tho Pittsburgh Dis patch. It alms to abolish the unsight ly back yard and Its rubblsh-hldlng fences, and to creato instead a neigh borhood open spaco or park and play ground that would keep tho chil dren off tho Btrcets and offer residents Instead of a little cooped-up and prac tically useless piece of private domain a chance to stretch themselves and en Joy a freedom of movement to bo had In no other way. A correspondent who directs atten tion to tho scheme suggests that it might bo expanded into a factor In reducing tho cost of living if tho com munity would devoto part of tho open spaco to growing fruit or garden truck. Admirable as tho Idea may seem In tho abstract, It may bo questioned whether neighborhood human naturo has arrived at tho perfection neces sary to its succeso. It is not difficult to Imagine a refractory resident an gered by some neighbor spoiling tho wholo plan by restoring his fences. It may be doubted, too, whether this could bo avoided by any binding agree ment being secured In advance. Then, also, there Is always tho possibility of an untidy neighbor mussing up tho community back yard, of clothosllno fights and dogs and chlckenB and all the numerous troubles that add spice If not sweetness to neighborhood ex istence. GOOD IN GARDEN MOVEMENT City of Duluth Has Demonstrated That It Is of Value In Many Different Ways. In tho summer of 1913, tho Duluth Commercial club obtained three vn cant lots In dlfforent parts of tho city and put a man In charge of tho threo tracts. He conducted demon stration gardening through tho sea eon; wns always available to help puz zled gardeners; guided the school chil dren In their work, and otherwise stimulated the garden movement In the city. From an Importer of garden prod ucts, Duluth became at least a pro ducer of its own supplies. Duluth'B hinterland Is developing agricultural ly, but the garden movement In tho city has lost none of Its significance. It has promoted the ownership of many homes; It has drawn children from tho street and made them gar den enthusiasts; It has induced great er efficiency among wago earners through contentment and more health ful surroundings, and It has made Du luth a city of gardens beautiful to be hold. Of greator valuo to Duluth Is tho moral effect on tho city. The rising generation Is one of gardeners. Fac tory workers and office employes not only raise their own vegetables, but they have developed their bodies by tho exercise. The demand for saloons, gambling houses and similar resorts is dying out Camphor Trees for Streets. A trade Journal quotes a Texas nur seryman as saying that the camphor treo Is very popular for street planting In the southern part of that state; that It la never troubled by lnaect pests and that mosquitoes will avoid It No treo is exempt from Insect peats, and camphor trees may bo found with such a thick Incrustation of the red scale of tho orange that bark on twigs may scarcely be seen. Mosquitoes avoid camphor and its fumes and therefore will not literally "rooat" upon tho tree, but they do not avoid tho general territory In which It growa. The camphor tree Is a prime favorito in southern California and we do not allow fear of Insect pests to dotor us from planting It wherever and whenever opportunity presents. Los Angeles Times. Encouragement of Thrift In Chicago thero has been started an association for tho encouragement of thrift. Far-seeing mon are behind tho movement, confronted with the enormous waste in time, opportunity, and material which has been a natural Inheritance from a generation that found everything to spare at hand. This condition no longer exists. A changed economic condition calls for changed methods of living, to which the people must bo educated. Ab tho lasting and formative Influences aro those belonging to childhood, tho school garden may be counted upon to play no small part in bringing about a better understanding of the elements of living, all tho way from the mar ket basket onwnrd to tho best that goes to mnko happy and prosperous homes. Does More Harm Than Good. Tho charity Is bad which takes from Independence Its proper pride and from mendicity Its Balutnry shame. Southey. His Own Detective. In Schenectady, N. Y., a farmer rec ognized in n leather shop tho green hldo of a horse which had been stolon from him but two weeks before. By means of the hide ho traced the thief and eventually was putd for the horse. Thing of Most Importance. "What matters tho naturo of our work bo long as It Is well done? We do not glean happlnoss according to our station In life, but according to how well wo adapt ourselves to that station." to y , A K 1 -yt f , jttiiim