EXAGGERATION Of INDIAN
ATTACKS IN WEST IS TOLD
Prof. Huibert, Director of Commission
on Western History, Reaches Con
clusion After Much Research.
Colorado Springs, Colo.—Historical
fiction of the Wild West appears t#
have exaggerated the number of
sanguinary attacks h.v Indians upon
immigrant trains along the old Oregon
trail. Nature, and not the aborigines
furnished most of the dangers en
countered by the pioneers.
These conclusions have been reached
by Prof. Archer H. Hulhert, director
of the commission on western history,
who has Just completed the task of
mapping six of the most famous old
trails from the Missouri river to the
Pacific coast.
In a space of forty miles along the
Carson river on the trnll broken by
the forty-niners. 4,000 dead cattle and
8,000 abandoned wagons were left to
record the history of the hardships
they suffered in the trek for gold.
Miners built houses of these wagon
wrecks In the days of the Corastoek
lode discovery In Nevada a decade
later.
Great rivers were not difficult to
cross when “flats” or rafts were se
cured, but the thousands of little “rut- ]
bank” creeks not more than ten feet
wide were the dally terror of the
teamsters and delayed the caravans
more than did the few rivers of width.
Trappers and gold hunters suffered
from Indian attacks more than did
the great Immigrant trains )□ the era
of mass migration to Oregon. Between
1842 and 1850 the number of trains
that were seriously moleeted by the
red men were few. the Investigators
found.
Information used In the survey and
map making was obtained from state
and county surveyors' offices, from the
original surveys In the general land
office at Washington and by studying
the diaries of 150 old-time travelers
and pioneers.
In addition to the Oregon trail the
map reprodnces the routes of the Mor
mon trail fork from Omaha to Fort
Laramie; the Nebraska City-Fort
Kearney branch; the California trail
from Yale post office, Idaho, to the
coast; the Salt Lake branch of the
California trail; the Forty-niners' trnll
on Raft river In northwestern Utah;
the Salt Lake-Placervllle route, and
the Overland Stage branch of the
main trail from Julesburg, Colo., to
Salt Lake City.
Telephone Co. Builds
Sky Scraper in St. Louis
MMMUUMMUUUUMMUUUUMUUMU ItMMM
Tiim g6,000,UUO nullding ni the
Southwest Bell Telephone company,
31 stories high, Is now the tallest
building In St. Louis. Mo. It stands
on the block bounded by Tenth
Eleventh, Chestnut and I'lne streets
New Universe Pictured
by Savant and Measured
Chicago.—Another univ* rse, similar
to our own, but Inconceivably distant
In space, has been photographed and
measured by Dr. Edwin Hubble, he
relates In the Astro-Physical Journal
of the University of Chicago.
It Is 66,000,872 billion miles from
the earth to the galaxy of stars which
compose the other universe.
Prom observations made at Mount
Wilson observatory. In California, the
scientist has reduced to measurement
the universe which was first seen in
1884. Expressing its distance from
the earth aa 700,000 light years, he
estimates the galaxy measures 4.000
light years across. Photographs
taken with light which left the uni
verse thousands of years ago show It
ts be a system of stars similar in ap
pearance to the familiar milky way.
Likes Mustard
New York.—The new shah of Persia
la fond of mustard, but so far as hav
ing been a bon vivant Is concerned. Is
not the stuff he has been painted, says
Arthur Upbam Pope, commissions
from Persia to the Phlladelpf ►
position.
Claima Record
Campbell, Mo.-This town ciami/
the record for church attendance
Ninety-five per cent of the populatin'
of i.nH persons -*enr last Sunday
Quetta May Be Chosen for
Smithsonian-Geog,aphic
Observatory.
Washington.—Quetta, In Baluchi
stan. near which it is probable that a
new solar observatory will be estab
lished by the National Geographic so
ciety and tlie Smithsonian institution,
is fuiuillur—us a nume—to readers of
Kipling and workers of cross-word
puzzles, but probably means iUtle to
most Americans. The city and its re
gion, recently visited by Dr. C. G. Ab
bot, assistant secretary of the Smith
sonian Institution, are the subjects of
a bulletin from the Washington bead
quarters of the National Geographic
society.
“Quetta exists primarily for military
purposes," says the bulletin, “but the
Pax Brltannlcu that has been substi
tuted for the lawlessness and banditry
of former days has made an important
civil community and trading center of
It as well. Baluchistan Is India’s fort
ress to the east, and QuettH Is Its don
jon keep. The British tiave been In
control of the place since 1877. and
since 1882 have held It under per
petual lease from its old ruler the
picturesquely named Wall of Kalttt.
“When the British went in Quetta
was only a little group of mud huts
surrounded by unhealthy plains that
were virtually swamps. Drainage and
sanitation have made the place over
Now Quetta has a population of about
'10,000; and the once swampy lowlands
furnish a Retting for villas and farm
houses surrounded by orchards and
planted groves.
Mud Gives Way to Iron.
“The outstanding feature of Quetta,
still, however. Is the cantonment where
six or eight regiments of British and
Indian troops are quartered. This ex
tensive post is to the north on relative
ly high ground while the civil town is to
the south on a lower level. Mud. in
the form of sun-dried brick. Is s^lll a
most important building material In
the town, though not to the extent that
It was two decades ago. Then mud
brick domes formed many of the roofa,
and were considered safe because of
Quetta’s scant rainfall (about 10
Inches annually). But there came an
unusually wet spring, and most of
Quetta’s buildings melted away. Since
then many Iron roofs—less picturesque,
but better Insurance against weather
vagaries—have surmounted the mod
walls of the town.
“The permeation of Quetta by Brit
ish, or perhapR more broadly, by West
ern. influence. Is a phenomenon that
cannot be escaped by anyone who has
known the town over a series of years.
The standard of living rises before
his eyes. Tea. a little while ago a
marked luxury. Is becoming a com
mon beverage. Leather footwear has
displaced sandals to a noteworthy de
gree; all classes are wearing warmer,
and more comfortable clothing; and
the native women are decking them
selves out In more ornaments, after the
manner of their prosperous sisters hi
other climes.
“The climate of Quetta has Interest
ing aspects. The place Is In the same
latitude as Cairo; Jacksonville. Fla.;
and Shanghai; hut, because of Its
6,000 feet of altitude and the physi
cal aspect of the surrounding country,
Its climate Is very different Each day
the mercury bohs up and down through
a wide range The difference between
dally maximum and minimum has been
known to reach 80 degrees: but such
excessive changes are confined to cer
tain short seasons The hills and even
the valleys of Baluchistan are largely
treeless, and when the sun is down
heat radiates away rapidly. As a con
sequence the nights are always cool—
“In the matter of combating the
climate, there is nothing like an Amer
ican standard of comfort In the homes
even of Europeans In Quetta. The win
ters In general are no more severe
than those of Washington, but the
houses are so constructed that It Is
most difficult If not Impossible to keep
warm. The rooms are huge—16 by 2?S
feet or so. with ceilings 18 to 24 feet
high. Small fireplaces are set far Into
the very thick walls and what little
warmtb they radiate Into the rooms la
lost In their vastness. Tet coal of fair
quality Is mined nearby and is used
In the town. Its use In modem heat
ing systems could make Quetta homes
as comfortable as any In the world.
“Clearest Sky In the World."
“If the National Qeogrephle-Hmlth
sonlan solar observatory Is established
In Baluchistan It will be placed on
top of T,S2f>-foot Kojak peak about 40
miles north of Quetta near the rail
road which pierces the Kojak range
and extends to Oh a man, ten miles be
yond on the Afghan border. To the
east beyond the Kojak mountains the
Beglatan or Helmand desert stretches
for more than 100 miles. It Is 60 miles
to the nearest mountains In the north.
To the east lies a long, broad valley.
On this relatively Isolated mountain
ridge on the edge of the desert the
precipitation Is even less than In
Quetta—probably seven Inches or less
per year. When Doctor Abbot visited
the Kojak peak In January he report
ed that the sky was perfectly blue
right up to the sun’s edge and added:
'It was the clearest sky I have ever
seen In the world.’"
Can't Be Mike
Milwaukee.—An Italian who want
ed the name of Michael Maloney
whs refused that privilege In the Clr
cull court here.
SPEEDS WORK OF
COURTOFCLAIMS
Change to Seven Judges Ex
pedites Handling of Wap
Time Suits.
Washington.—As a result of the In
creased volume of claims against the
government since the World war the
Court of Claims found itself swamped
.vith work. It had been jogging
along comfortably with live judges
who were appointed for life. Testi
mony was taken by stenographers,
and from this the judges reached their
decisions. In many cases the test!
mony was so voluminous ihat It took
them some time to make up their find
ings of fact so that the case might
lie heard in the court. With I he sud
den Influx of new cases the Judges
found the task too great to permit
them to handle them with the desired
promptness.
Last March, therefore, congress au
thorized t lie appointment of seven
commissioners for terms of three
years each. They are all lawyers,
and It is their duty to take the tes
timony In cases brought to the court
and then to make their findings of
facts so that they may he presented
to the court when the case is brought
before It.
The appointment of these commis
sioners has not only proved a great
aid In expediting the handling of
cases, but It has saved the govern
ment money. A large number of
claims bear inlerest, aud It Is there
fore greatly to the advantage of the
government to have them settled
promptly. These are for the most
part cases of refunds of taxes erro
neously assessed. Interest Is also al
lowable as part of the amounts due
for just compensation for property
taken
As Is well known, during the wat
the various executive departments
were authorized to take what they
needed In the way of coal, ships or
other things necessary to the success
ful prosecution of war. In a great
many Instances the owner was not
paid the full value of the articles, but
he was permitted to sue the govern
ment for the balance. Sm-h cases
are now teaching the court daily. The
sooner they are adjudicated the great
er the saving In interest to the United
States
System Saves Time and Money,
The new system of having trained
lawyers lake the testimony and pre
sent their findings to the court Is
also a great help to the plaintiffs.
Where under the old method of pro
cedure It was necessary for the plain
tiff to come to Washington to give his
testimony, the commissioner now goes
to him. He Is therefore spared con
siderable expense > nd time. There Is
now In Europe a commissioner taking
testimony In what Is known as the
Brooks-Scanlon group, which con
sists of eight cases Involving $35,
000,000.
No foreign subject can sue the
United States government unJeas It
Is shown that hit. government allows
a like privilege to the citizens of the
United States. An Investigation Is
now being made In Kussia to discover
whether the Soviet government pro
vides for this In the Civil war
claims It was necessary for the plalD
tiff to prove his allegiance to the fed
eral government before he might file
a claim. The Court of Halms Is the
only court in the United States where
a citizen may sue the government. If
he 1b not satisfied with the decision
of the court he may uppeal to the
Supreme court of the United States.
An unofficial survey recently made
showed lhat of 175 cases taken to
the Supreme court the decision of the
Court of Claims was upheld In 150
Nineteen decisions were reversed, four
modified, one approved In part and
one case remanded.
It seems to he little known that the
Court of Claims handles a great many
tax cases—that Is, those based upon
Internal-revenue taxes, such us cap
Ital-stock taxes. Income taxes, excess
profits taxes, beverage taxes, estate
taxes, sales taxes and stamp taxes.
Tturlng Ihp fiscal year 1025 this court
disposed of approximately 325 of such
cases, and there are a number still
pending These are cases where the
taxpayer has been dissatisfied with
the ruling of the board of tax ap
peals and has taken tils case to this
court.
One of the new commissioners said
recently that It frequently happens
,that a decision of a single case In the
Court of Claims disposes of hundreds
of thousands of similar cases without
prosecuting further litigation. “Such
n decision was recently -endered by
the court,” he added. “I do not know
the Ptitlre number of cases affected by
this decision, hut there are 7,00) cases
In the Baltimore colieetlota district
alone affected thereby.”
The Court of Claims was established
hy act of congress February 24, 1855,
and was at first merely a commis
sion whose duty it was to file fact*
regarding claims for the guidance
and action of congress. The Civil war
resulted In a great many claims for
damage to property and such things,
•nd the court was given general juris
diction over eases involving con
tracts.
2,000 Claims Pending Now.
There are now pending in the Court
of Claims more than 2,000 cases In
volving approximately (2,000,000,000.
In some of these esses the interest
amounts to (5,000 a day, so that for
each day of daisy tlks foes—ment is
•at that much. ' - "*—
LINCOLN NOTES.
Mr. and Mrs. M. E. Williams have
purchased a home near 23rd and
Orchard Sts., and have moved in.
i
Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Stanley sol
' ' ir home at 1211 Plum, and have
i left for the East.
.Mr. Thomas Long, formerly of Lin
>ln, is visiting friends here.
A number of the members of Corn
osker Lodge No. 579 I Ii. P. O. E
f \ . 1 -ft for Kansas City, Mo., Sat
! u, day to attend the dedication uiv
: .estivities of the New Elk home then
day 23-24.
Mrs. Ada Holmes is taking lesson
f the I’oro Hair dresser treatment
'<>. at Omaha, preparatory to estab
lishing a parlor here.
Some fifteen masons, w ive- and
friends went to Omaha Sunday, when
tliey attended services, and the re-lay
ing of the cornei-stone of the Cleaves
iC. M. E. Church by the M. W. (i.
Lodge of Nebraska.
Coinhusker Lodge of Elks held
their three nights carnival in German
Hall last Wednesday, Thursday am
Friday nights, and is said to have
!>een largely attended, and a boomin',
success.
Quarterly meeting was held at
Quinn Chapel A. M. E. Church last
Sunday. Rev. John Adams, 1’. E., of
Omaha, was present, and eonducte"
sendees. Communion was given.
Other special services were carried
out at night. Quarterly conference
on Monday night.
Rev. H. W. Botts held services a
usual at Mt. Zion Baptist Church Sun
day. The Buds of Promise held thei
annual Candlelight services with i
short program at 8 p. m., followed b.
a sermon by the pastor.
Next Sunday, May 30, at 3 p. m
the Mission will have services, a f a
ture of which will be a sermon by i
bo i f-acher of Omaha. He will
I reach for Rev. H. W. Botts at night
A big chicken dinner will he server!
at Mt Zion Baptist Church Monda\
May 31, from 5 to 9 p. m.
Mr. Call Christman is yet consid
ered quite ill at his home, N. 9th St.
Subsciibers are requested to remi
in the next two weeks.
RESERVES NECESSARY
Washington—.Speaking to a group
of prominent men who contemplate
the organization of a “Second Trust
Company” in this city, Lieut. Thoma
H. R Clarke,'one of our best knowr
real estate operators, in pointing ou
the necessity and the opportunity fo>
financing our own enterprises, said:
“One firm in this city loaned over si'
hundred thousand dollars last year l<
colored home-buyers. This particula
firm has had many years of experi
ence in dealing with colored propert
owners and has never had a loss. Yet
this firm does not care for loans ir
certain parts of the city. It doe
«ee *hat if we should make the at
tempt to organize on a large scale our
unused funds, and create large re
seives of money in many parts of the
country, it could be safely employed
in financing residence properties o'
the Race in localities where for one
reason or another white capital de
clines to go. Such reserves would bf
a nepilful protection against malevo
lent elements in the event of financial
disturbances. This situation applie
to practically all parts of the country
where any considerabe numl>er of col
ored people live.”
101 HIGH SCHOOL GRAIH ATES
Kansas City, Kans.—One hundred
and one boys and girls will graduate
from Sumner High school junior col
lege and teachers’ college May 27th.
FOR KENT—Neatly furnished room fur
lady. 2429 Lake Street; Web. 1529. 5-14
FOR RENT—Two rooms, furnished or un
furnished. Webster 1825. 2629 Seward
street. 2t. 4-30
1 SENATOR WM. B. McKINLEY
Business Directory
ART_
HIGH CLASS PICTURES for sale.
Picture framing a specialty. High
grade toilet articles; newspapers
and magazines.
STUART ART SHOP,
1803 North 24th Street.
RACGAGE AND HAULING
I V GARDNER’S TRANSFER. Bag
"a<re express, moving, light and
8eiiw hauling. Reliable and com
petent Six years in Omaha. 2622
Maple Street. Phone WEbster 4120.
C. H HALL, stand, 1403 No. 24th.
Raggage and express hauilng to all
parts of the city. Phones, stand,
WE. 7100; Res., WE. 1066.
REALTY PARLORS
| MRP J. H. RUSSELL. 2914 Krskine
ftreet. Poro hair dresser. For ap
pointments phone WE. 2311.
MADAM ANN \ E JONES TUBBS.
Scalp and hair treatments. For good
and quick results call WEbster 5450.
1712 North 25th Street.—Poro.
I
MADAM 7 C. SNOWDEN. Scientific
scalp treatment. Hair dressing and
manufacturing. 1154 No. 20th St.
WEbster 6194
MADAM WILLIE DIXON, 2426
Rlondo street. WEbster 6163., Poro
hairdressing, farial massage, Turk
ish baths. Home comforts.
COAL DEALERS
C. SOLOMON COAL AND ICE CO.
A* our service winter and summer.
All kinds of good coal at prices to
-nit Phones WEbster 3901 and 4238.
-V — .c,-v—;.
DRESSMAKING and SEWING
■" ■ ~ .rrM~ ~l'-^nCi7—**
DRUG STORES
I ROSS DRUG STORE, 2306 North 24th
Street Two phones, WEbster 2770
nd 2771. Well equipped to supply
■our needs. Prompt service.
j THE PEOPLES’ DRUG STORE. 24th
nd Krskine Streets. We carry a
full line. Prescriptions promptly
filled. WEbster 6323.
HOTELS
PATTON HOTEL, 1014, 1016, 1018
South 11th S* Known from coast
to coast. Terms reasonable. N. P.
Pitton, proprietor.
THE HOTEL CUMMINGS, 1916 Cum
ing St. Under new management.
T»rms reasonable. D. G. Russell,
nrnorietor.
NEW LAMAR HOTEL, 1803 North
24th street Tel. WEbster 5090.
Semi-modern, comfortable rooms,
reasonable. Cafe in connection.
Mrs. E. V. Dixon, proprietress.
LAWYERS
V> . B. BRYANT, Attorney and Coun
selor-at-Law. Practices in all
courts. Suite 19, Patterson Block,
17th and Fannin Sts. AT. 9344
or WE. 2602.
W G. MORGAN—Phones ATlantic
9344 and JAckson 0210.
H. J. PINKETT, Attorney and Coun
selor-at-I^w. Twenty years’ ex
perience. Practices in all courts.
Suite 19, Patterson Block, 17th and
Famams Sts. AT. 9344 or WE. 3180.
A. P. SCRUGGS, Lawyer. Large ex
perience. Handles all law eaaes.
1616H North 24th St. WE. 3667.
Residence, WEbster 4162.
NOTIONS
PAINTERS AND
PAPER HANGERS
A. F. PEOPLES. Painting and decor
ating, wall paper and glass. Plaster
ing, cement and general work. Sher
win-Williams paints. 2419 Lake St.
Phone WEbster 6366.
PRINTERS
FORD PRINTING COMPANY, Jew
ell building, 24th and Grant Sts.
For good printing see us. We. 1760.
RESTAURANTS
PEATS RESTAURANT, 1405 North
24th Street. Where those who de
sire good home cooking at reason
able prices go. VVBbster 0630.
. imum
SHOE REPAIRING
BENJAMIN & THOMAS always give
satisfaction. Best material, reason
able prices. All work guaranteed.
1415 North 24th St. WEbster 5084.
UNDERTAKERS
JONES & COMPANY, Undertaker*.
24th and Grant Sts. WHbster 1100.
Satisfactory service always.
H. A. CHILES & CO., funeral direc
tors and licensed ermbalmers. Cour
teous, efficient service in the last
sad hour. 1839 North Twenty-fourth
street. Phones, office WEbster
7133: residence WEbster 6349.
Classified
FURNISHED ROOM FOR RENT IN
modem home. Call after 4 p. m.
Web. 4535. 2-T.
FOR RENT—Modem furnished rooms
2204 N. 19th St. WE. 3308.
FDR RENT—Two unfurnished room*.
2310 N. 22nd St.
FOR RENT—Light house keeping
rooms, partly furnished. Modem ex
cept heat, 2635 Parker street. Phone
after 6 p. m. WEbster 1259.
FOR RENT — Three-room apart
ment, nearly furnished. 2514 North
Thirty-first street. WEbster 0662.
For rent. Four room modern apart
merits, 1547-1551 North Seventeenth street.
$15.tX) per month. At. 6863. tf.
For rent. Neatly furnished room. Heat
and kitchen privilege. Web. 2089
FOR RENT—Two furnished rooms In
modern home. WEbster 8834.
FOR RENT—Modern furnished room*,
-team heat. Close in. On two car
lines Mrs. Antic Banks, 924 North
Twentieth street. Jackson 4379
FOR RENT—Light housekeeping
rooms. 1 block from car. All mod
ern conveniences. 17142 North Twen
ty-fifth street. WEbster 5460.—tf.
FOR RF.NT—Apariment, furnished or un
furnished, for couple. Web. 6975, 2216
North Twenty-eighth Ave.
FURNISHED APARTMENTS
FOR RENT—2 and 3 ROOMS
WEbster 1166
211* NORTH 28th STREET
FOR RENT Nice front room. Modem
home. For two gentlemen. WE. 6789. tf
FOR RENT^-Light house keeping
rooms. Modem home. 2514 Caldwell.
WE. 2180.
FOR RENT—Furnished rooms. One block
from car line. Web. 4064. 1405 No,
25th street
FOR SALE—-AH modem five-room
house. Good location. WEbster
2478 or WEbster *030
FOR RENT — Neatly furnished
rooms. Heat and kitchen privileges.
Prices reasonable. 2433 Franklin.
WEbster 2089.
FOR RENT. Two unfurnished rooms.
Reasonable. Wsb. 5188.
FOB RENT—Four furnished rooms for
light housekeeping. $20 per month.
£814 Hamilton street. Web. 5551.
tf. 2-2C-26.
PLUMBERS
NEBRASKA PLUMBING GO. J. F.
Allison, manager. Estimates fur
nished. 3025 Evans St. Phone
KE. 6848.
No Advertisement Accepted fer TWa
Classified Directory for Lees
Than Six Months
I PATRONIZE TOE STATE PMNNTHE 00.
Corner 14th and Dodge Streets Tel. JACKSON 1017
Headquarters DDflN|M|iMr HtfUOgnyihH
for DHVRJ IVVvR M ReeordF
