EXAGGERATION Of INDIAN ATTACKS IN WEST IS TOLD Prof. Huibert, Director of Commission on Western History, Reaches Con clusion After Much Research. Colorado Springs, Colo.—Historical fiction of the Wild West appears t# have exaggerated the number of sanguinary attacks h.v Indians upon immigrant trains along the old Oregon trail. Nature, and not the aborigines furnished most of the dangers en countered by the pioneers. These conclusions have been reached by Prof. Archer H. Hulhert, director of the commission on western history, who has Just completed the task of mapping six of the most famous old trails from the Missouri river to the Pacific coast. In a space of forty miles along the Carson river on the trnll broken by the forty-niners. 4,000 dead cattle and 8,000 abandoned wagons were left to record the history of the hardships they suffered in the trek for gold. Miners built houses of these wagon wrecks In the days of the Corastoek lode discovery In Nevada a decade later. Great rivers were not difficult to cross when “flats” or rafts were se cured, but the thousands of little “rut- ] bank” creeks not more than ten feet wide were the dally terror of the teamsters and delayed the caravans more than did the few rivers of width. Trappers and gold hunters suffered from Indian attacks more than did the great Immigrant trains )□ the era of mass migration to Oregon. Between 1842 and 1850 the number of trains that were seriously moleeted by the red men were few. the Investigators found. Information used In the survey and map making was obtained from state and county surveyors' offices, from the original surveys In the general land office at Washington and by studying the diaries of 150 old-time travelers and pioneers. In addition to the Oregon trail the map reprodnces the routes of the Mor mon trail fork from Omaha to Fort Laramie; the Nebraska City-Fort Kearney branch; the California trail from Yale post office, Idaho, to the coast; the Salt Lake branch of the California trail; the Forty-niners' trnll on Raft river In northwestern Utah; the Salt Lake-Placervllle route, and the Overland Stage branch of the main trail from Julesburg, Colo., to Salt Lake City. Telephone Co. Builds Sky Scraper in St. Louis MMMUUMMUUUUMMUUUUMUUMU ItMMM Tiim g6,000,UUO nullding ni the Southwest Bell Telephone company, 31 stories high, Is now the tallest building In St. Louis. Mo. It stands on the block bounded by Tenth Eleventh, Chestnut and I'lne streets New Universe Pictured by Savant and Measured Chicago.—Another univ* rse, similar to our own, but Inconceivably distant In space, has been photographed and measured by Dr. Edwin Hubble, he relates In the Astro-Physical Journal of the University of Chicago. It Is 66,000,872 billion miles from the earth to the galaxy of stars which compose the other universe. Prom observations made at Mount Wilson observatory. In California, the scientist has reduced to measurement the universe which was first seen in 1884. Expressing its distance from the earth aa 700,000 light years, he estimates the galaxy measures 4.000 light years across. Photographs taken with light which left the uni verse thousands of years ago show It ts be a system of stars similar in ap pearance to the familiar milky way. Likes Mustard New York.—The new shah of Persia la fond of mustard, but so far as hav ing been a bon vivant Is concerned. Is not the stuff he has been painted, says Arthur Upbam Pope, commissions from Persia to the Phlladelpf ► position. Claima Record Campbell, Mo.-This town ciami/ the record for church attendance Ninety-five per cent of the populatin' of i.nH persons -*enr last Sunday Quetta May Be Chosen for Smithsonian-Geog,aphic Observatory. Washington.—Quetta, In Baluchi stan. near which it is probable that a new solar observatory will be estab lished by the National Geographic so ciety and tlie Smithsonian institution, is fuiuillur—us a nume—to readers of Kipling and workers of cross-word puzzles, but probably means iUtle to most Americans. The city and its re gion, recently visited by Dr. C. G. Ab bot, assistant secretary of the Smith sonian Institution, are the subjects of a bulletin from the Washington bead quarters of the National Geographic society. “Quetta exists primarily for military purposes," says the bulletin, “but the Pax Brltannlcu that has been substi tuted for the lawlessness and banditry of former days has made an important civil community and trading center of It as well. Baluchistan Is India’s fort ress to the east, and QuettH Is Its don jon keep. The British tiave been In control of the place since 1877. and since 1882 have held It under per petual lease from its old ruler the picturesquely named Wall of Kalttt. “When the British went in Quetta was only a little group of mud huts surrounded by unhealthy plains that were virtually swamps. Drainage and sanitation have made the place over Now Quetta has a population of about '10,000; and the once swampy lowlands furnish a Retting for villas and farm houses surrounded by orchards and planted groves. Mud Gives Way to Iron. “The outstanding feature of Quetta, still, however. Is the cantonment where six or eight regiments of British and Indian troops are quartered. This ex tensive post is to the north on relative ly high ground while the civil town is to the south on a lower level. Mud. in the form of sun-dried brick. Is s^lll a most important building material In the town, though not to the extent that It was two decades ago. Then mud brick domes formed many of the roofa, and were considered safe because of Quetta’s scant rainfall (about 10 Inches annually). But there came an unusually wet spring, and most of Quetta’s buildings melted away. Since then many Iron roofs—less picturesque, but better Insurance against weather vagaries—have surmounted the mod walls of the town. “The permeation of Quetta by Brit ish, or perhapR more broadly, by West ern. influence. Is a phenomenon that cannot be escaped by anyone who has known the town over a series of years. The standard of living rises before his eyes. Tea. a little while ago a marked luxury. Is becoming a com mon beverage. Leather footwear has displaced sandals to a noteworthy de gree; all classes are wearing warmer, and more comfortable clothing; and the native women are decking them selves out In more ornaments, after the manner of their prosperous sisters hi other climes. “The climate of Quetta has Interest ing aspects. The place Is In the same latitude as Cairo; Jacksonville. Fla.; and Shanghai; hut, because of Its 6,000 feet of altitude and the physi cal aspect of the surrounding country, Its climate Is very different Each day the mercury bohs up and down through a wide range The difference between dally maximum and minimum has been known to reach 80 degrees: but such excessive changes are confined to cer tain short seasons The hills and even the valleys of Baluchistan are largely treeless, and when the sun is down heat radiates away rapidly. As a con sequence the nights are always cool— “In the matter of combating the climate, there is nothing like an Amer ican standard of comfort In the homes even of Europeans In Quetta. The win ters In general are no more severe than those of Washington, but the houses are so constructed that It Is most difficult If not Impossible to keep warm. The rooms are huge—16 by 2?S feet or so. with ceilings 18 to 24 feet high. Small fireplaces are set far Into the very thick walls and what little warmtb they radiate Into the rooms la lost In their vastness. Tet coal of fair quality Is mined nearby and is used In the town. Its use In modem heat ing systems could make Quetta homes as comfortable as any In the world. “Clearest Sky In the World." “If the National Qeogrephle-Hmlth sonlan solar observatory Is established In Baluchistan It will be placed on top of T,S2f>-foot Kojak peak about 40 miles north of Quetta near the rail road which pierces the Kojak range and extends to Oh a man, ten miles be yond on the Afghan border. To the east beyond the Kojak mountains the Beglatan or Helmand desert stretches for more than 100 miles. It Is 60 miles to the nearest mountains In the north. To the east lies a long, broad valley. On this relatively Isolated mountain ridge on the edge of the desert the precipitation Is even less than In Quetta—probably seven Inches or less per year. When Doctor Abbot visited the Kojak peak In January he report ed that the sky was perfectly blue right up to the sun’s edge and added: 'It was the clearest sky I have ever seen In the world.’" Can't Be Mike Milwaukee.—An Italian who want ed the name of Michael Maloney whs refused that privilege In the Clr cull court here. SPEEDS WORK OF COURTOFCLAIMS Change to Seven Judges Ex pedites Handling of Wap Time Suits. Washington.—As a result of the In creased volume of claims against the government since the World war the Court of Claims found itself swamped .vith work. It had been jogging along comfortably with live judges who were appointed for life. Testi mony was taken by stenographers, and from this the judges reached their decisions. In many cases the test! mony was so voluminous ihat It took them some time to make up their find ings of fact so that the case might lie heard in the court. With I he sud den Influx of new cases the Judges found the task too great to permit them to handle them with the desired promptness. Last March, therefore, congress au thorized t lie appointment of seven commissioners for terms of three years each. They are all lawyers, and It is their duty to take the tes timony In cases brought to the court and then to make their findings of facts so that they may he presented to the court when the case is brought before It. The appointment of these commis sioners has not only proved a great aid In expediting the handling of cases, but It has saved the govern ment money. A large number of claims bear inlerest, aud It Is there fore greatly to the advantage of the government to have them settled promptly. These are for the most part cases of refunds of taxes erro neously assessed. Interest Is also al lowable as part of the amounts due for just compensation for property taken As Is well known, during the wat the various executive departments were authorized to take what they needed In the way of coal, ships or other things necessary to the success ful prosecution of war. In a great many Instances the owner was not paid the full value of the articles, but he was permitted to sue the govern ment for the balance. Sm-h cases are now teaching the court daily. The sooner they are adjudicated the great er the saving In interest to the United States System Saves Time and Money, The new system of having trained lawyers lake the testimony and pre sent their findings to the court Is also a great help to the plaintiffs. Where under the old method of pro cedure It was necessary for the plain tiff to come to Washington to give his testimony, the commissioner now goes to him. He Is therefore spared con siderable expense > nd time. There Is now In Europe a commissioner taking testimony In what Is known as the Brooks-Scanlon group, which con sists of eight cases Involving $35, 000,000. No foreign subject can sue the United States government unJeas It Is shown that hit. government allows a like privilege to the citizens of the United States. An Investigation Is now being made In Kussia to discover whether the Soviet government pro vides for this In the Civil war claims It was necessary for the plalD tiff to prove his allegiance to the fed eral government before he might file a claim. The Court of Halms Is the only court in the United States where a citizen may sue the government. If he 1b not satisfied with the decision of the court he may uppeal to the Supreme court of the United States. An unofficial survey recently made showed lhat of 175 cases taken to the Supreme court the decision of the Court of Claims was upheld In 150 Nineteen decisions were reversed, four modified, one approved In part and one case remanded. It seems to he little known that the Court of Claims handles a great many tax cases—that Is, those based upon Internal-revenue taxes, such us cap Ital-stock taxes. Income taxes, excess profits taxes, beverage taxes, estate taxes, sales taxes and stamp taxes. Tturlng Ihp fiscal year 1025 this court disposed of approximately 325 of such cases, and there are a number still pending These are cases where the taxpayer has been dissatisfied with the ruling of the board of tax ap peals and has taken tils case to this court. One of the new commissioners said recently that It frequently happens ,that a decision of a single case In the Court of Claims disposes of hundreds of thousands of similar cases without prosecuting further litigation. “Such n decision was recently -endered by the court,” he added. “I do not know the Ptitlre number of cases affected by this decision, hut there are 7,00) cases In the Baltimore colieetlota district alone affected thereby.” The Court of Claims was established hy act of congress February 24, 1855, and was at first merely a commis sion whose duty it was to file fact* regarding claims for the guidance and action of congress. The Civil war resulted In a great many claims for damage to property and such things, •nd the court was given general juris diction over eases involving con tracts. 2,000 Claims Pending Now. There are now pending in the Court of Claims more than 2,000 cases In volving approximately (2,000,000,000. In some of these esses the interest amounts to (5,000 a day, so that for each day of daisy tlks foes—ment is •at that much. ' - "*— LINCOLN NOTES. Mr. and Mrs. M. E. Williams have purchased a home near 23rd and Orchard Sts., and have moved in. i Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Stanley sol ' ' ir home at 1211 Plum, and have i left for the East. .Mr. Thomas Long, formerly of Lin >ln, is visiting friends here. A number of the members of Corn osker Lodge No. 579 I Ii. P. O. E f \ . 1 -ft for Kansas City, Mo., Sat ! u, day to attend the dedication uiv : .estivities of the New Elk home then day 23-24. Mrs. Ada Holmes is taking lesson f the I’oro Hair dresser treatment '<>. at Omaha, preparatory to estab lishing a parlor here. Some fifteen masons, w ive- and friends went to Omaha Sunday, when tliey attended services, and the re-lay ing of the cornei-stone of the Cleaves iC. M. E. Church by the M. W. (i. Lodge of Nebraska. Coinhusker Lodge of Elks held their three nights carnival in German Hall last Wednesday, Thursday am Friday nights, and is said to have !>een largely attended, and a boomin', success. Quarterly meeting was held at Quinn Chapel A. M. E. Church last Sunday. Rev. John Adams, 1’. E., of Omaha, was present, and eonducte" sendees. Communion was given. Other special services were carried out at night. Quarterly conference on Monday night. Rev. H. W. Botts held services a usual at Mt. Zion Baptist Church Sun day. The Buds of Promise held thei annual Candlelight services with i short program at 8 p. m., followed b. a sermon by the pastor. Next Sunday, May 30, at 3 p. m the Mission will have services, a f a ture of which will be a sermon by i bo i f-acher of Omaha. He will I reach for Rev. H. W. Botts at night A big chicken dinner will he server! at Mt Zion Baptist Church Monda\ May 31, from 5 to 9 p. m. Mr. Call Christman is yet consid ered quite ill at his home, N. 9th St. Subsciibers are requested to remi in the next two weeks. RESERVES NECESSARY Washington—.Speaking to a group of prominent men who contemplate the organization of a “Second Trust Company” in this city, Lieut. Thoma H. R Clarke,'one of our best knowr real estate operators, in pointing ou the necessity and the opportunity fo> financing our own enterprises, said: “One firm in this city loaned over si' hundred thousand dollars last year l< colored home-buyers. This particula firm has had many years of experi ence in dealing with colored propert owners and has never had a loss. Yet this firm does not care for loans ir certain parts of the city. It doe «ee *hat if we should make the at tempt to organize on a large scale our unused funds, and create large re seives of money in many parts of the country, it could be safely employed in financing residence properties o' the Race in localities where for one reason or another white capital de clines to go. Such reserves would bf a nepilful protection against malevo lent elements in the event of financial disturbances. This situation applie to practically all parts of the country where any considerabe numl>er of col ored people live.” 101 HIGH SCHOOL GRAIH ATES Kansas City, Kans.—One hundred and one boys and girls will graduate from Sumner High school junior col lege and teachers’ college May 27th. FOR KENT—Neatly furnished room fur lady. 2429 Lake Street; Web. 1529. 5-14 FOR RENT—Two rooms, furnished or un furnished. Webster 1825. 2629 Seward street. 2t. 4-30 1 SENATOR WM. B. McKINLEY Business Directory ART_ HIGH CLASS PICTURES for sale. Picture framing a specialty. High grade toilet articles; newspapers and magazines. STUART ART SHOP, 1803 North 24th Street. RACGAGE AND HAULING I V GARDNER’S TRANSFER. Bag "a . B. BRYANT, Attorney and Coun selor-at-Law. Practices in all courts. Suite 19, Patterson Block, 17th and Fannin Sts. AT. 9344 or WE. 2602. W G. MORGAN—Phones ATlantic 9344 and JAckson 0210. H. J. PINKETT, Attorney and Coun selor-at-I^w. Twenty years’ ex perience. Practices in all courts. Suite 19, Patterson Block, 17th and Famams Sts. AT. 9344 or WE. 3180. A. P. SCRUGGS, Lawyer. Large ex perience. Handles all law eaaes. 1616H North 24th St. WE. 3667. Residence, WEbster 4162. NOTIONS PAINTERS AND PAPER HANGERS A. F. PEOPLES. Painting and decor ating, wall paper and glass. Plaster ing, cement and general work. Sher win-Williams paints. 2419 Lake St. Phone WEbster 6366. PRINTERS FORD PRINTING COMPANY, Jew ell building, 24th and Grant Sts. For good printing see us. We. 1760. RESTAURANTS PEATS RESTAURANT, 1405 North 24th Street. Where those who de sire good home cooking at reason able prices go. VVBbster 0630. . imum SHOE REPAIRING BENJAMIN & THOMAS always give satisfaction. Best material, reason able prices. All work guaranteed. 1415 North 24th St. WEbster 5084. UNDERTAKERS JONES & COMPANY, Undertaker*. 24th and Grant Sts. WHbster 1100. Satisfactory service always. H. A. CHILES & CO., funeral direc tors and licensed ermbalmers. Cour teous, efficient service in the last sad hour. 1839 North Twenty-fourth street. Phones, office WEbster 7133: residence WEbster 6349. Classified FURNISHED ROOM FOR RENT IN modem home. Call after 4 p. m. Web. 4535. 2-T. FOR RENT—Modem furnished rooms 2204 N. 19th St. WE. 3308. FDR RENT—Two unfurnished room*. 2310 N. 22nd St. FOR RENT—Light house keeping rooms, partly furnished. Modem ex cept heat, 2635 Parker street. Phone after 6 p. m. WEbster 1259. FOR RENT — Three-room apart ment, nearly furnished. 2514 North Thirty-first street. WEbster 0662. For rent. Four room modern apart merits, 1547-1551 North Seventeenth street. $15.tX) per month. At. 6863. tf. For rent. Neatly furnished room. Heat and kitchen privilege. Web. 2089 FOR RENT—Two furnished rooms In modern home. WEbster 8834. FOR RENT—Modern furnished room*, -team heat. Close in. On two car lines Mrs. Antic Banks, 924 North Twentieth street. Jackson 4379 FOR RENT—Light housekeeping rooms. 1 block from car. All mod ern conveniences. 17142 North Twen ty-fifth street. WEbster 5460.—tf. FOR RF.NT—Apariment, furnished or un furnished, for couple. Web. 6975, 2216 North Twenty-eighth Ave. FURNISHED APARTMENTS FOR RENT—2 and 3 ROOMS WEbster 1166 211* NORTH 28th STREET FOR RENT Nice front room. Modem home. For two gentlemen. WE. 6789. tf FOR RENT^-Light house keeping rooms. Modem home. 2514 Caldwell. WE. 2180. FOR RENT—Furnished rooms. One block from car line. Web. 4064. 1405 No, 25th street FOR SALE—-AH modem five-room house. Good location. WEbster 2478 or WEbster *030 FOR RENT — Neatly furnished rooms. Heat and kitchen privileges. Prices reasonable. 2433 Franklin. WEbster 2089. FOR RENT. Two unfurnished rooms. Reasonable. Wsb. 5188. FOB RENT—Four furnished rooms for light housekeeping. $20 per month. £814 Hamilton street. Web. 5551. tf. 2-2C-26. PLUMBERS NEBRASKA PLUMBING GO. J. F. Allison, manager. Estimates fur nished. 3025 Evans St. Phone KE. 6848. No Advertisement Accepted fer TWa Classified Directory for Lees Than Six Months I PATRONIZE TOE STATE PMNNTHE 00. Corner 14th and Dodge Streets Tel. JACKSON 1017 Headquarters DDflN|M|iMr HtfUOgnyihH for DHVRJ IVVvR M ReeordF