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About The Valentine Democrat. (Valentine, Cherry Co., Neb.) 1896-1898 | View Entire Issue (June 11, 1896)
h Wzf - SENATE AND HOUSE WORK OF OUR NATIONAL LAW MAKERS A Weeks Proceedings in the Halls of Congress Important Measures Dis cussed and Acted Upon An Impar tial Resume of the Business The National Solons Mr Cullom of Illinois spoke at consid erable length in the Senate Monday against the pending bill to prohibit the issue of bonds The President returned to Congress three private pension bills with his veto in each case In the case of two of the bills granting pensions to Mrs Amanda Woodcock and Jonathan Scott both originating in the House he points out that owing to careless descrip tions in the bills the pensions could not be paid under their terms In the other a Senate bill granting a pension to Helen M Jacob the President forcibly sets out his objections to allowing pensions to soldiers widows who remarry The Pres ident says There is no duty or obligation due from the Government to a soldiers widow except it be worked out through the deccated soldier She is pensioned only because he served his country and because through his death she as his wife lias lost his support In other words she becomes a beneficiary of the Government because she is a soldiers widow When she marries again and thus displaces the memory of her soldier husband and sur renders all that belongs to soldier widow hood she certainly ought not on the death of her second husband be allowed to claim that she is again the soldiers widow The Senate Tuesday by a vote of 32 to 23 passed the Butler bill to prohibit any further issue of bonds without the consent of Congress The debate was sharp and bitter but all the amendments were de feated and then the final vote taken on which the bill was passed The filled cheese bill was taken up and made the unfinished business Mr Allison intro duced a joint resolution for a scientific Investigation of the Bering sea seal fish eries At 7 oclock Mr Hill moved to adjourn and asthe motion was carried Mr Hill exclaimed And may God save the country The House devoted itself to passing the river and harbor bill over the Presidents veto and to unseating by a vote of 162 to 39 John J Walsh the Democratic member from the Eighth New York district whose place will be filled by John Murray Mitchell Republi can Both of these actions were fore gone conclusions so that they excited comparatively little interest although there was a full house to vote on the river and harbor bill It was passed by 220 to GO many more votes than the two thirds necessary to override a veto and it -was passed without debate although Mr Dockery Mo protested vehemently that debate had been promised Thirty nine Democrats voted to override the presi dential objections and twenty six Repub licans stood by Mr Cleveland The Senate Wednesday followed the lead of the House and passed the rivei and harbor bill over the Presidents veto by the following vote Yeas Rep injltu 3iurruM 3Oaiiiiun Carter Chandler Clark Cullom Davis Dubois Elkins Gallinger Gear Hale Hansbrough Hawley Lodge McBride Mitchell Oregon Nelson Perkins Petti grew Piatt Pritchard Quay Sherman Shonp Squire Teller Warren Wetmore Wilson Wolcott 33 Democrats Bacon Berry Brice Faulkner George Gibson Gorman Jones Arkansas Lindsay Mills Mitchell Wisconsin Morgan Pas co Pugh Tillman Turpie Test Walt Iiall White 19 Populists Jones Ne vada Butler Peffer Stewart i total 56 Nays Democrats Bate Chilton Hill Smith Vilas 5 The House began clearing the decks for final adjournment by extending the length of the daily ses sions A partial conference report on the general deficiency bill was agreed to and the bill sent back to further conference The Murray Elliott contested case from the first South Carolina district was de bated for four hours The majority re port favors the seating of the contestant who is a colored man and who was seated by the Fifty first House in place of Elliott The Senate Thursday passed the filled cheese bill Manufacturers of filled cheese are taxed 400 annually wholesale dealers 250 retail dealers 120 In -addition to these taxes the product itself 5s taxed 1 cent per pound and imported filled cheese is taxed S cents per pound in addition to the import duty All packages must be branded and dealers must display a big black sign on white ground bearing the words Filled Cheese Sold Here The controversy over the number of bat tle ships remains open Mr Quays mo tion that the Senate recede from its amendment reducing the number of ships from four to two being defeated 17 to 33 The Senate also defeated by a vote of 17 to 31 a motion by Mr Lodge of Massa chusetts to recede from its amendment relating to sectarian Indian schools Bills -were passed as follows Granting 1G0 acres of land to Biloxi Miss for a char itable hospital authorizing the appoint ment of the survivors of the Lady Frank lin bay expedition as sergeants retired of the army for the improvement of Fort Smith Ark government reservation and a bill construing the laws relating to the award of life saving medals By a vote of 153 to 33 the House decided against the claim of William Elliott from the First South Carolina district and gave the seat to George W Murray Murray is a colored man and in the Fifty first Congress was seated in the place of El liott Murray was given a round of applause when he came forward to be sworn in Mr Elliott is the ninth Demo crat unseated by the present House The remainder of the day was mainly occu pied -in debating the case of Martin vs iockhart from the Seventh North Caro Sina district The Senate amendments to the bill to retire Commander Quack cnbush were adopted The conference re port on the bill to pension the widow of the late Senator George Spencer of Ala bama was agreed to This and That The branches of the Mississippi River hare an aggregate length of fifteen thousand miles Most physicians thinks that the sun jradiates heat as it does light or as a stove emits warmth The horn of the rhinoceros is not joined to the bone of the head but grows on the skin like a wart or corn Microscopists say that the strongest miscroscopes do not probably reveal jthe lowest stages of animal life Ss 5 X J5 An Electrical Fancy Th astonishing progress of electrical science is neatly satirized by a Parisian paper which imagines Mr Sdison in his laboratory hearing the news of a declaration of war between Great Brit ain and the United States A young man his assistant rushes in pale and out of breath and exclaims to the great electrician O master war is declared It is tei rible Ah says the master War is de clared eh And where is the British army at this moment Embarking sir Embarking where At Liverpool At Liverpool yes Now my friend would you please join the ends of those two wires hanging there against the wall Thats right Now bring them to me Good And be kind enough to press that button The assistant wondering and hall amused presses the button Very well says the inventor Now do you know what is taking place at Liverpool The British army is embarking sir The inventor pulls out his watch and glancrs at the time There is no Brit ish army he says coolly What screams the assistant When you touched that button you destroyed it Oh this is frightful It is not frightful at all It is sci ence Now every time that a British expedition embarks at any port please come and tell me at once Ten seconds afterward it will simply be out of ex istence thats all There doesnt seem to be any reason why America should be afraid of its enemies after this sir I am inclined to believe you says the master smiling slightly But in order to avert future trouble I think it would be best to destroy England alto gether -To to destroy England sir Kindly touch button number four there The assistant touches it The inven tor counts ten eight nine ten it is all over There is no more England Oh oh screams the young man Now we can go on quietly with our work says the master And if we should ever be at war with any other nation you have only to notify me I have an electric button connecting with every foreign country which will de stroy every country in the world the United States included Be careful now that you dont touch any of those buttons accidentally you might do a lot of damage The War Telephone An interesting experiment of install ing a telephone by trotting cavalry was recently successfully undertaken by some Prussian Uhlans between Berlin and Potsdam Two sets of one officer rmd two non commissioned officers pro ceeded in the early morning respective ly from Berlin and Potsdam Each set was equipped with a complete tele phone apparatus which one of the men carried in a leather case on his chest beside the requisite quantity of thin wire The end of the wire was con nected with the respective towns tele phone station and the wire was by means of a fork fixed at the end of a lance thrown over the tops of the trees along the road As each kilometer of wire was thus suspended a halt was made and it was ascertained whether there was connection with the station A new kilometer of wire was then con nected with the former and on went the men The two sets met at Teltow The wires having been respectively tested with their respective stations were connected and telephonic connec tion between Berlin and Potsdam was established The distance is about twenty miles and the whole thing was done in about four hours Chess on the Brain A chess champion a German gentle man whose name is well known to all players of that scientific game recently told the writer that the intense mental activity which is necessary to display while engaged in a combat on the board often led him to unconsciously do ridic ulous things when the game was ovjpi For instance he said it is not an un common thing for me when walking home in the evening after several games of chess at my club to imagine that I am one of the pieces upon the board Quite unconsciously and prob ably while thinking about something else I will take great care to plant my feet firmly in the center of the flag stone and not step upon the dividing lines Again I am a knight and those who walk behind me are convulsed with laughter to see me take a step for ward and one to one side which is not to say the least of it a dignified method of progress Sometimes I am a bishop and move in a slanting direction till forcible concussion with a wall brings me to my senses I suppose it is that the game its chances and possibilities are so continually running in my mind that ohess to me is almost becoming a second nature In the Classics Somft one with leisure to follow a deli cate quarry should devote himself to the genealogy of slang or to illustra tions of what is nothing else than slang in the classics For instance We shall smile is in Julius Caesar I hare been here before is in Rossettis Sudden Light and We give our selves away in Mr Aldrichs sonnet on sleep Covered in the Presence of Tloyalty The Lord of Kinsale has the privi lege of wearing his hat in the presence of his sovereign On one occasion George IV rebuked the then holder of the title at a drawing room for assert ing it Nature will take care of you In winter but you must take care of yourself in summer f fE U i EDUCATI0NALC0LUMN NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT Have a Place for Everything and Keep Everything in Its Place Pro tection for School Teachers Educa tional Progress in the South Notes An Orderly Room- A place for everything and every thing in its place is a maxim nowhere more necessary than in the schoolroom Unless the rule be constantly im pressed and observed disorder and much waste of time will inevitably fol low Picture a room in which the rule appears to be wanting books litter the window sills the boards are half cleaned maps and other specimens of work are pinned to the wall without the slightest semblance of order the teachers desk is covered with odds and ends of various kinds and the chil drens desks are likewise untidy An other picture shows a room of a differ ent character An open cupboard door reveals neat rows of books boxes pa pers and other materials window sills are bare but for a half dozen house plants standing in shining saucers On the teachers desk are arranged the books and materials necessary to the days work while the children have nothing on theirs but the slate and pencil Comment on the order and general working of these two classes is unnec essary Disorder in these external mat ters does not bespeak orderliness of spirit but rather the reverse and there is no doubt as to the effect upon char acter of a strict observance or orderli ness and neatness in all things Try to have the children take a pride in their room and encourage them in ev ery effort to make it pleasant and at tractive Though nothing be done to- fear of personal violence The attack called out widespread now in question has spread sympathy for its victim and the criminal proceedings against his assailant will be watched with interest by teachers everywhere Harpers Weekly Keep Close to the Ground Or as our genial and direct Hawley Smith puts it lower your hind sight This remark is occasioned by the writers recently repeated experience in the institute field We who are work ing with teachers as institute instruc tors as superintendents or editors need to bear in mind that the good that is done will depend upon what we do that appeals to the intelligence and un derstanding of the average teacher That teacher in the institute that teacher in the district schools does not need long and dry disquisitions upon psychological queries or philosophical casuistries or discussions of appercep tion orelaboration of any phase of con centration or co ordination so much as she needs a little plain every day work in readin ritin rithmetie to gether with something concerning the management of an ordinary school of ordinary boys and girls Give us less Of folderol less Of trimming and more of definite material simple and direct application to everyday work The institute season will soon be here Will you fellow instructor and count superintendent note what other work ers with you have to say on this sub ject There isnt any disagreement among us as to what should be done but somehow when we plan and work and outline what is to be done at our institutes we get away from notions in which we all agree and tiy to introduce the novel the startling and that which seemingly lifts our institute and our work above the level of the other fel low Exchange Procrress in the Ponth Supt Hogg of Fort Worth Texas estimates that while the South has gained 54 per cent in population during THE GRADUATING CLASS wards decorating it can be kept clean and neat If this spirit prevail there will be no hats on the floor no papers about the desks no dirty slate cloth sponges and a clean rag should be the rule and no untidy desks There will be pictures on the walls and on the unused blackboard plants in the windows and perhaps a flower glass on the teachers table In the early summer when wild flowers and shrub blossoms are plen tiful the children take great delight in bringing their little bouquets to the teacher and it is sometimes difficult to know what to do with them all I have always provided myself with two or three earthenware jars to hold this deluge of flowers for of course none can be discarded They hold a great deal and make a pretty ornament on the window sill where there is no danger of the water being spilled It is a great deal easier to keep ev erything in its place than we some times think All that is necessary is to return everything to its accustomed place as soon as Ave are done using it Order in everything must be our motto if we would have a successful school the order to which love sym pathy and regard for others are the incentives The influence of orderli ness in these so called small matters reaches far beyond the school walk and the school life and cannot be tod highly estimated Educational Jour nal Protection for Teachers The principal of one of the Chicago public schools was made the other day the victim of a peculiarly brutal per sonal assault on the part of an ag grieved parent whose boy had failed to pass an examination If the case were an isolated one it would hardly call for comment but several incidents of the sort have occurred during the past year or two and the offenders have unfortunately escaped with a trifling fine This time it appears the ruffian is likely to receive something like his deserts The school authorities are de termined to make an example of the assailant and see that he is punished to the full extent of the law There are too many parents nowadays who in stead of seconding the disciplinary ef forts of their childrens instructors are inclined to antagonize them and hasti ly to assume that if a child does not jget along well at school it must be the teachers fault Instead of taking if out of the boy in the good old way they take it out of the teacher in the improved modern fashion A teacher is a public officer and a physical as sault upon a teacher should be treated more seriously than such an offense committed against a private individual It is a matter of the highest concern to the State that teachers should be made to feel that the law will give them full protection in the discharge of their duties and that they should not be terrorized into an unduly lenient treatment of idle or vicious children by the last twenty years the increase in enrollment of school attendance is 130 per cent School property has in creased in value from 16000000 to 51000000 Of the 320000000 ex pended for education during the last eighteen years one fourth has been for the colored population Florida leads the van in this work having an enroll ment of 6G per 100 of her population as compared with 61 in other Southern States Facts About Schools There are 369634 teachers in the United States The first normal school was opened in Paris 1795 West Point Military Academy was founded in 1802 The Annapolis Naval Academy was founded in 1845 Infant schools were first established about the year 1815 Vassar College was founded by Mat thew Vassar in 1861 Schools of forestry were established in Austria in 1S10 The first work on geology was writ ten by Mercoti in 1574 The first normal college for the blind was founded in 1873 The Spelling Reform Association was established in 1879 The first Christian school was estab lished by Pantaeus in 181 The United States Bureau of Educa tion was established in 1867 Eton College in England was found ed by Henry VI about 1443 Russia in 1889 had 43100 schools and 2510000 attendance Maps were invented by Anaximander a Greek about B C 568 The first professorship of history was established at Oxford in 1T24 The charter of Oxford University was granted by Henry III in 1248 Schools at Oxford were established by Alfred the Great about 879 The famous Rugby School was found ed by Lawrence Sheriff in 1567 The oldest German university is that of Heidelberg founded in 13S6 Italy has twenty one universities with 600 professors and 6000 students The first modern medical school was at Salerno in the eighth century Collegiate degrees were first confer red by the University of Paris in 1140 This country has fifty two law schools with 345 teachers and 3906 students The first academy for the deaf ana dumb was opened in Edinburgh in 1773 The United States has 115 medical schools regular eclectic and home opathic The great school at Harrow in Eng land was founded by John Lyon in 1571 Italy in 1SS7 had 7007 schools S6 400 teachers and 3071000 attendance Great Britain has eleven universities with 344 professors and 13400 students France had in 1887 S5554 schools 135500 teachers and 308000 scholars X TIMELY JfAKJtt TOPICS MANAGEMENT OF THE FARM GARDEN AND STABLE A Honic madc Spraying Contrivance that May Be Used -with Success and Profit Tree Trunk Support for Sweet Peas Agricultural Suggestions Home made Spraying Outfit Where spraying is conducted on a considerable scale various rigs have been made to squirt insecticides and fungicides over all portions of a tree The spraying contrivance illustrated here has been used with good success and profit Many fruit growers use an ordinary wagon with box or rack and a 50 gallon barrel but if one has much spraying to do it is generally economy to use a larger tank especially if water has to be hauled some distance More thorough work can be done in old or Dhards if the operator is elevated above the barrel The use of long pieces of 1 inch brass iron copper or even gas pipe with nozzle attachment to the endi advisable when working among Ihe tops of trees such are apt to he a nuisance if one works from the ground Pipes are awkward if more than ten feet long In my orchard of twenty five acres the trees are twenty to thirty feet high With my outfit one man to drive and pump and two men in the tower each vith a brass extension tube eight feet jong with double nozzle on each end every part of a large tree may be spray ed in from three to five minutes We find it much easier to spray on a level with our work or downward than to stand on a wagon box and spray up with the Bordeaux mixture running down our sleeves and into our faces The work is also more thoroughly done In 1894 I used a power pump and sprayed from a wagon I had fine fruit up as far as the spray went but the tops of the trees were bare of fruit proving to me the virtue of the spray The rig is on a pair of wide tired trucks coupled short so that we can turn from one row of trees to another I pumped the water mixed the ingre dients and did the spraying of xay or chard in three days The spray pump vw 4A Jw TREE TOPS EASIIT SPRAYED caused no expense or hindrance throughout the season A H Dutton in Farm and Home Selecting Seed Grain It i3 impossible to tell by looking at grain in a heap or bin what its value for seed may be The plumpest finest formed berry and one with uninjured vitality may have grown from a seed that produced only a single stalk and head and that poorly filled Such a seed will tend to produce a like plant from that on which it grew What may be done by the proper selection of seed Is shown in the great improvement that Is made in the productiveness of corn which with skillful cultivators is al ways chosen on the stalk selecting those that bear two full ears Yet if size of kernel were the test the largest and best grains might often be found on the nubbin corn where the ears were not filled out so that each grain could grow round and full instead of being compressed as it is in a well filled ear Ye on such an ear there will always be found at the tip and butt some grains that had room to grow full size These will produce better and stronger plants than will the compressed grains from the middle of the cob Applying Land Plaster A little at a time and often should be the rule in applying land plaster The finer it is ground the more evenly it can be spread and a very light dusting will 3o as much good for the time as a heavier application A bushel per acre which will be about 100 pounds is what farmers usually sow on clover If they have the plaster on hand they some times apply another hundred pounds after the first crop is cut to make a larger second growth This is not done however on clover where a seed c rcp is to be grown as the extra growth of stalk and leaf is made at the exppnse of the seed Have a Little Fun An excursion to your State agricultur al college or experiment station will amply repay any farmer If a little effort is made to get up a large party reduced rates can be secured and the trip can be made most enjoyable This will make a pleasant outing to take as soon as the spring work is completed in the lull just before the summer cam paign It pays to get a little rest at this season and again just before and also after the heavy work of harvest Ail work and no play makes the farmer a dull boy Enemies of Birds The fact that the various kinds of small birds once so common are now very scarce is commonly attributed to their destruction to gratify womans pride in trimming her hats But the song birds hare other enemies also especially the English sparrow which drives them away from their old haunts near dwellings In the wild woods theL small birds are exposed to many ene mies Hawks of various kinds prey on them while squirrels plunder their nests and destroy their eggs Nothing will set small birds to such a storm of protest as the presence of a squirrel in the neighborhood of their nests It is a -guide to any one who is hunting the squirrel for this outcry of the birds gives warning of his approach before the hunter could possibly see him Support for S wcet Peas A bed of sweet peas about a tree trunk can be trained very satisfactorily in the manner suggested in the accom panying illustration A stout bit of cord is tied about the trunk some three feet from the ground and from equal Ms te A TREE TKUNK SUPPORT 1M M spaces about it strings are carried out and down to the ground where they are secured by pegs driven into the ground these pegs forming a perfect circle about the tree When the plants have secured a hold upon the strings and have come to blossoming the effect will be very pleasing and attractive The Farm Tenant Help The practice of hiring married meu and furnishing them a tenant house with garden as a part of their pay is growing in favor It relieves farmers wives from much hard labor in the ex tra work required to cook and provide food for a number outside their own families It is also pleasanter and on the whole better to have the chil dren of the family not so closely asso ciating with the hired help as they must needs be if both occupy the same house The married tenant if a good help and receiving fair treatment will be likely to remain a number of years When help is hired to live in the house it is usually dismissed in the fall and entirely new help secured in the spring But if the tenant is a good worker and honest he will expect and should re ceive as good treatment socially as the farmer accords to neighboring farmers There are and should be no social dis tinctions based only on wealth in farm life Thousands of men once owners of farms have been obliged to become tenants even when they have retained enough capital to hire the farm and run it on theiB own account On the other hand a great tnany f arm laborers man age to save money enough so that after a few years they can become the own ers of farms Whenever they do this they generally prove to be more ef ficient farmers than are those who se cure what they have from the patri mony left to them by their fathers The Weather Bureau This institution is doing better wors this year than ever says Farm an Home Its weather forecasts are not always correct and it is doubtful if it will ever be possible to make them absolutely true for every nook and cor ner of the country but they are a great help to farmers who are so located as to be able to get them in time The farmers want to morrows forecasts this afternoon so that they can plan their work accordingly Every farmer should also obtain the weekly weather and crop report issued by his State weather bureau in co operation with the national weather bureau at Wash ington and the latter publishes a week- ly crop and climate bulletin that will be found of great value In most of the States the headquarters of the bureau is at the State capital and it may be addressed there Bad Tempered Bulls Too much care cannot be taken to keep the bull always in subjection A ring should be put in his nose before he is a year old and if this is done a snap fastening a stout stick to the ring and which can be detached when not in use will keep the animal in perfect subjec tion On no account should a bull ba led or driven without this contrivance The bull when feeling well is a very playful animal but if in play it once draws blood the sight of it will make him furious The tempers of most bulls are spoiled by teasing them and then getting out of the way If the bull never sees any one who is net his master and is always kept in subjec tion by the stick and ring his useful ness may be protracted till he is 8 or 10 years old Farm Notes The finest butter imported into the English and French markets is said to be -made in Northern France and is known as Normandy butter Its quality- is ascribed to the breed of cattle pastures and method of manufacture Oats contain the elements of the tis sues of young animals most perfectly balanced and with milk pi ouiote healthy growth Dry oats are an es pecially excellent feed for young calves and to induce them to eat them they may at first be slightly moistened with milk If put into the milk the calf may be choked When a pasture has so deteriorated that it will not be profitable to use it for cows it will serve for sheep if the sheep are allowed grain also but next fall such pasture should receive a heavy dressing of wood ashes after be J ing plowed and left unharrowed It does not pay to usd land for pasture unless something can be bad from It y v y I M V 1 m j i P