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SENATE AND HOUSE
WORK OF OUR NATIONAL LAW
MAKERS
A Weeks Proceedings in the Halls of
Congress Important Measures Dis
cussed and Acted Upon An Impar
tial Resume of the Business
The National Solons
Mr Cullom of Illinois spoke at consid
erable length in the Senate Monday
against the pending bill to prohibit the
issue of bonds The President returned
to Congress three private pension bills
with his veto in each case In the case
of two of the bills granting pensions to
Mrs Amanda Woodcock and Jonathan
Scott both originating in the House he
points out that owing to careless descrip
tions in the bills the pensions could not
be paid under their terms In the other
a Senate bill granting a pension to Helen
M Jacob the President forcibly sets out
his objections to allowing pensions to
soldiers widows who remarry The Pres
ident says There is no duty or obligation
due from the Government to a soldiers
widow except it be worked out through
the deccated soldier She is pensioned
only because he served his country and
because through his death she as his wife
lias lost his support In other words she
becomes a beneficiary of the Government
because she is a soldiers widow When
she marries again and thus displaces the
memory of her soldier husband and sur
renders all that belongs to soldier widow
hood she certainly ought not on the death
of her second husband be allowed to
claim that she is again the soldiers
widow
The Senate Tuesday by a vote of 32 to
23 passed the Butler bill to prohibit any
further issue of bonds without the consent
of Congress The debate was sharp and
bitter but all the amendments were de
feated and then the final vote taken on
which the bill was passed The filled
cheese bill was taken up and made the
unfinished business Mr Allison intro
duced a joint resolution for a scientific
Investigation of the Bering sea seal fish
eries At 7 oclock Mr Hill moved to
adjourn and asthe motion was carried
Mr Hill exclaimed And may God save
the country The House devoted itself
to passing the river and harbor bill over
the Presidents veto and to unseating by
a vote of 162 to 39 John J Walsh the
Democratic member from the Eighth
New York district whose place will be
filled by John Murray Mitchell Republi
can Both of these actions were fore
gone conclusions so that they excited
comparatively little interest although
there was a full house to vote on the river
and harbor bill It was passed by 220
to GO many more votes than the two
thirds necessary to override a veto and it
-was passed without debate although Mr
Dockery Mo protested vehemently that
debate had been promised Thirty nine
Democrats voted to override the presi
dential objections and twenty six Repub
licans stood by Mr Cleveland
The Senate Wednesday followed the
lead of the House and passed the rivei
and harbor bill over the Presidents veto
by the following vote Yeas Rep
injltu
3iurruM 3Oaiiiiun
Carter Chandler Clark Cullom Davis
Dubois Elkins Gallinger Gear Hale
Hansbrough Hawley Lodge McBride
Mitchell Oregon Nelson Perkins Petti
grew Piatt Pritchard Quay Sherman
Shonp Squire Teller Warren Wetmore
Wilson Wolcott 33 Democrats Bacon
Berry Brice Faulkner George Gibson
Gorman Jones Arkansas Lindsay
Mills Mitchell Wisconsin Morgan Pas
co Pugh Tillman Turpie Test Walt
Iiall White 19 Populists Jones Ne
vada Butler Peffer Stewart i total
56 Nays Democrats Bate Chilton
Hill Smith Vilas 5 The House began
clearing the decks for final adjournment
by extending the length of the daily ses
sions A partial conference report on the
general deficiency bill was agreed to and
the bill sent back to further conference
The Murray Elliott contested case from
the first South Carolina district was de
bated for four hours The majority re
port favors the seating of the contestant
who is a colored man and who was seated
by the Fifty first House in place of Elliott
The Senate Thursday passed the filled
cheese bill Manufacturers of filled
cheese are taxed 400 annually wholesale
dealers 250 retail dealers 120 In
-addition to these taxes the product itself
5s taxed 1 cent per pound and imported
filled cheese is taxed S cents per pound in
addition to the import duty All packages
must be branded and dealers must display
a big black sign on white ground bearing
the words Filled Cheese Sold Here
The controversy over the number of bat
tle ships remains open Mr Quays mo
tion that the Senate recede from its
amendment reducing the number of ships
from four to two being defeated 17 to 33
The Senate also defeated by a vote of 17
to 31 a motion by Mr Lodge of Massa
chusetts to recede from its amendment
relating to sectarian Indian schools Bills
-were passed as follows Granting 1G0
acres of land to Biloxi Miss for a char
itable hospital authorizing the appoint
ment of the survivors of the Lady Frank
lin bay expedition as sergeants retired
of the army for the improvement of Fort
Smith Ark government reservation and
a bill construing the laws relating to the
award of life saving medals By a vote
of 153 to 33 the House decided against
the claim of William Elliott from the
First South Carolina district and gave
the seat to George W Murray Murray
is a colored man and in the Fifty first
Congress was seated in the place of El
liott Murray was given a round of
applause when he came forward to be
sworn in Mr Elliott is the ninth Demo
crat unseated by the present House The
remainder of the day was mainly occu
pied -in debating the case of Martin vs
iockhart from the Seventh North Caro
Sina district The Senate amendments
to the bill to retire Commander Quack
cnbush were adopted The conference re
port on the bill to pension the widow of
the late Senator George Spencer of Ala
bama was agreed to
This and That
The branches of the Mississippi River
hare an aggregate length of fifteen
thousand miles
Most physicians thinks that the sun
jradiates heat as it does light or as a
stove emits warmth
The horn of the rhinoceros is not
joined to the bone of the head but
grows on the skin like a wart or corn
Microscopists say that the strongest
miscroscopes do not probably reveal
jthe lowest stages of animal life
Ss 5 X J5
An Electrical Fancy
Th astonishing progress of electrical
science is neatly satirized by a Parisian
paper which imagines Mr Sdison in
his laboratory hearing the news of a
declaration of war between Great Brit
ain and the United States A young
man his assistant rushes in pale and
out of breath and exclaims to the great
electrician
O master war is declared It is tei
rible
Ah says the master War is de
clared eh And where is the British
army at this moment
Embarking sir
Embarking where
At Liverpool
At Liverpool yes Now my friend
would you please join the ends of those
two wires hanging there against the
wall Thats right Now bring them
to me Good And be kind enough to
press that button
The assistant wondering and hall
amused presses the button
Very well says the inventor Now
do you know what is taking place at
Liverpool
The British army is embarking sir
The inventor pulls out his watch and
glancrs at the time There is no Brit
ish army he says coolly
What screams the assistant
When you touched that button you
destroyed it
Oh this is frightful
It is not frightful at all It is sci
ence Now every time that a British
expedition embarks at any port please
come and tell me at once Ten seconds
afterward it will simply be out of ex
istence thats all
There doesnt seem to be any reason
why America should be afraid of its
enemies after this sir
I am inclined to believe you says
the master smiling slightly But in
order to avert future trouble I think it
would be best to destroy England alto
gether
-To to destroy England sir
Kindly touch button number four
there
The assistant touches it The inven
tor counts ten
eight nine ten it is all over
There is no more England
Oh oh screams the young man
Now we can go on quietly with our
work says the master And if we
should ever be at war with any other
nation you have only to notify me I
have an electric button connecting with
every foreign country which will de
stroy every country in the world the
United States included Be careful
now that you dont touch any of those
buttons accidentally you might do a
lot of damage
The War Telephone
An interesting experiment of install
ing a telephone by trotting cavalry was
recently successfully undertaken by
some Prussian Uhlans between Berlin
and Potsdam Two sets of one officer
rmd two non commissioned officers pro
ceeded in the early morning respective
ly from Berlin and Potsdam Each set
was equipped with a complete tele
phone apparatus which one of the men
carried in a leather case on his chest
beside the requisite quantity of thin
wire The end of the wire was con
nected with the respective towns tele
phone station and the wire was by
means of a fork fixed at the end of a
lance thrown over the tops of the trees
along the road As each kilometer of
wire was thus suspended a halt was
made and it was ascertained whether
there was connection with the station
A new kilometer of wire was then con
nected with the former and on went
the men The two sets met at Teltow
The wires having been respectively
tested with their respective stations
were connected and telephonic connec
tion between Berlin and Potsdam was
established The distance is about
twenty miles and the whole thing was
done in about four hours
Chess on the Brain
A chess champion a German gentle
man whose name is well known to all
players of that scientific game recently
told the writer that the intense mental
activity which is necessary to display
while engaged in a combat on the board
often led him to unconsciously do ridic
ulous things when the game was ovjpi
For instance he said it is not an un
common thing for me when walking
home in the evening after several
games of chess at my club to imagine
that I am one of the pieces upon the
board Quite unconsciously and prob
ably while thinking about something
else I will take great care to plant my
feet firmly in the center of the flag
stone and not step upon the dividing
lines Again I am a knight and those
who walk behind me are convulsed
with laughter to see me take a step for
ward and one to one side which is not
to say the least of it a dignified method
of progress Sometimes I am a bishop
and move in a slanting direction till
forcible concussion with a wall brings
me to my senses I suppose it is that
the game its chances and possibilities
are so continually running in my mind
that ohess to me is almost becoming a
second nature
In the Classics
Somft one with leisure to follow a deli
cate quarry should devote himself to
the genealogy of slang or to illustra
tions of what is nothing else than slang
in the classics For instance We
shall smile is in Julius Caesar I
hare been here before is in Rossettis
Sudden Light and We give our
selves away in Mr Aldrichs sonnet
on sleep
Covered in the Presence of Tloyalty
The Lord of Kinsale has the privi
lege of wearing his hat in the presence
of his sovereign On one occasion
George IV rebuked the then holder of
the title at a drawing room for assert
ing it
Nature will take care of you In winter
but you must take care of yourself in
summer
f fE U i
EDUCATI0NALC0LUMN
NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND
THEIR MANAGEMENT
Have a Place for Everything and
Keep Everything in Its Place Pro
tection for School Teachers Educa
tional Progress in the South Notes
An Orderly Room-
A place for everything and every
thing in its place is a maxim nowhere
more necessary than in the schoolroom
Unless the rule be constantly im
pressed and observed disorder and
much waste of time will inevitably fol
low Picture a room in which the rule
appears to be wanting books litter the
window sills the boards are half
cleaned maps and other specimens of
work are pinned to the wall without
the slightest semblance of order the
teachers desk is covered with odds and
ends of various kinds and the chil
drens desks are likewise untidy An
other picture shows a room of a differ
ent character An open cupboard door
reveals neat rows of books boxes pa
pers and other materials window sills
are bare but for a half dozen house
plants standing in shining saucers On
the teachers desk are arranged the
books and materials necessary to the
days work while the children have
nothing on theirs but the slate and
pencil
Comment on the order and general
working of these two classes is unnec
essary Disorder in these external mat
ters does not bespeak orderliness of
spirit but rather the reverse and there
is no doubt as to the effect upon char
acter of a strict observance or orderli
ness and neatness in all things Try
to have the children take a pride in
their room and encourage them in ev
ery effort to make it pleasant and at
tractive Though nothing be done to-
fear of personal violence The attack
called out widespread
now in question has
spread sympathy for its victim and
the criminal proceedings against his
assailant will be watched with interest
by teachers everywhere Harpers
Weekly
Keep Close to the Ground
Or as our genial and direct Hawley
Smith puts it lower your hind sight
This remark is occasioned by the
writers recently repeated experience
in the institute field We who are work
ing with teachers as institute instruc
tors as superintendents or editors need
to bear in mind that the good that is
done will depend upon what we do
that appeals to the intelligence and un
derstanding of the average teacher
That teacher in the institute that
teacher in the district schools does not
need long and dry disquisitions upon
psychological queries or philosophical
casuistries or discussions of appercep
tion orelaboration of any phase of con
centration or co ordination so much as
she needs a little plain every day work
in readin ritin rithmetie to
gether with something concerning the
management of an ordinary school of
ordinary boys and girls Give us less
Of folderol less Of trimming and
more of definite material simple and
direct application to everyday work
The institute season will soon be here
Will you fellow instructor and count
superintendent note what other work
ers with you have to say on this sub
ject There isnt any disagreement
among us as to what should be done
but somehow when we plan and work
and outline what is to be done at our
institutes we get away from notions in
which we all agree and tiy to introduce
the novel the startling and that which
seemingly lifts our institute and our
work above the level of the other fel
low Exchange
Procrress in the Ponth
Supt Hogg of Fort Worth Texas
estimates that while the South has
gained 54 per cent in population during
THE GRADUATING CLASS
wards decorating it can be kept clean
and neat If this spirit prevail there
will be no hats on the floor no papers
about the desks no dirty slate cloth
sponges and a clean rag should be
the rule and no untidy desks There
will be pictures on the walls and on
the unused blackboard plants in the
windows and perhaps a flower glass
on the teachers table
In the early summer when wild
flowers and shrub blossoms are plen
tiful the children take great delight in
bringing their little bouquets to the
teacher and it is sometimes difficult
to know what to do with them all I
have always provided myself with two
or three earthenware jars to hold this
deluge of flowers for of course none
can be discarded They hold a great
deal and make a pretty ornament on
the window sill where there is no
danger of the water being spilled
It is a great deal easier to keep ev
erything in its place than we some
times think All that is necessary is to
return everything to its accustomed
place as soon as Ave are done using it
Order in everything must be our
motto if we would have a successful
school the order to which love sym
pathy and regard for others are the
incentives The influence of orderli
ness in these so called small matters
reaches far beyond the school walk
and the school life and cannot be tod
highly estimated Educational Jour
nal
Protection for Teachers
The principal of one of the Chicago
public schools was made the other day
the victim of a peculiarly brutal per
sonal assault on the part of an ag
grieved parent whose boy had failed to
pass an examination If the case were
an isolated one it would hardly call for
comment but several incidents of the
sort have occurred during the past
year or two and the offenders have
unfortunately escaped with a trifling
fine This time it appears the ruffian
is likely to receive something like his
deserts The school authorities are de
termined to make an example of the
assailant and see that he is punished
to the full extent of the law There are
too many parents nowadays who in
stead of seconding the disciplinary ef
forts of their childrens instructors are
inclined to antagonize them and hasti
ly to assume that if a child does not
jget along well at school it must be the
teachers fault Instead of taking if
out of the boy in the good old way
they take it out of the teacher in the
improved modern fashion A teacher
is a public officer and a physical as
sault upon a teacher should be treated
more seriously than such an offense
committed against a private individual
It is a matter of the highest concern
to the State that teachers should be
made to feel that the law will give
them full protection in the discharge
of their duties and that they should not
be terrorized into an unduly lenient
treatment of idle or vicious children by
the last twenty years the increase in
enrollment of school attendance is
130 per cent School property has in
creased in value from 16000000 to
51000000 Of the 320000000 ex
pended for education during the last
eighteen years one fourth has been for
the colored population Florida leads
the van in this work having an enroll
ment of 6G per 100 of her population as
compared with 61 in other Southern
States
Facts About Schools
There are 369634 teachers in the
United States
The first normal school was opened
in Paris 1795
West Point Military Academy was
founded in 1802
The Annapolis Naval Academy was
founded in 1845
Infant schools were first established
about the year 1815
Vassar College was founded by Mat
thew Vassar in 1861
Schools of forestry were established
in Austria in 1S10
The first work on geology was writ
ten by Mercoti in 1574
The first normal college for the blind
was founded in 1873
The Spelling Reform Association was
established in 1879
The first Christian school was estab
lished by Pantaeus in 181
The United States Bureau of Educa
tion was established in 1867
Eton College in England was found
ed by Henry VI about 1443
Russia in 1889 had 43100 schools and
2510000 attendance
Maps were invented by Anaximander
a Greek about B C 568
The first professorship of history was
established at Oxford in 1T24
The charter of Oxford University
was granted by Henry III in 1248
Schools at Oxford were established
by Alfred the Great about 879
The famous Rugby School was found
ed by Lawrence Sheriff in 1567
The oldest German university is that
of Heidelberg founded in 13S6
Italy has twenty one universities
with 600 professors and 6000 students
The first modern medical school was
at Salerno in the eighth century
Collegiate degrees were first confer
red by the University of Paris in 1140
This country has fifty two law
schools with 345 teachers and 3906
students
The first academy for the deaf ana
dumb was opened in Edinburgh in 1773
The United States has 115 medical
schools regular eclectic and home
opathic
The great school at Harrow in Eng
land was founded by John Lyon in
1571
Italy in 1SS7 had 7007 schools S6
400 teachers and 3071000 attendance
Great Britain has eleven universities
with 344 professors and 13400 students
France had in 1887 S5554 schools
135500 teachers and 308000 scholars
X
TIMELY JfAKJtt TOPICS
MANAGEMENT OF THE FARM
GARDEN AND STABLE
A Honic madc Spraying Contrivance
that May Be Used -with Success and
Profit Tree Trunk Support for Sweet
Peas Agricultural Suggestions
Home made Spraying Outfit
Where spraying is conducted on a
considerable scale various rigs have
been made to squirt insecticides and
fungicides over all portions of a tree
The spraying contrivance illustrated
here has been used with good success
and profit Many fruit growers use an
ordinary wagon with box or rack and a
50 gallon barrel but if one has much
spraying to do it is generally economy
to use a larger tank especially if water
has to be hauled some distance More
thorough work can be done in old or
Dhards if the operator is elevated above
the barrel The use of long pieces of
1 inch brass iron copper or even gas
pipe with nozzle attachment to the
endi advisable when working among
Ihe tops of trees such are apt to he a
nuisance if one works from the ground
Pipes are awkward if more than ten
feet long
In my orchard of twenty five acres
the trees are twenty to thirty feet high
With my outfit one man to drive and
pump and two men in the tower each
vith a brass extension tube eight feet
jong with double nozzle on each end
every part of a large tree may be spray
ed in from three to five minutes We
find it much easier to spray on a level
with our work or downward than to
stand on a wagon box and spray up
with the Bordeaux mixture running
down our sleeves and into our faces
The work is also more thoroughly done
In 1894 I used a power pump and
sprayed from a wagon I had fine
fruit up as far as the spray went but
the tops of the trees were bare of fruit
proving to me the virtue of the spray
The rig is on a pair of wide tired
trucks coupled short so that we can
turn from one row of trees to another
I pumped the water mixed the ingre
dients and did the spraying of xay or
chard in three days The spray pump
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TREE TOPS EASIIT SPRAYED
caused no expense or hindrance
throughout the season A H Dutton
in Farm and Home
Selecting Seed Grain
It i3 impossible to tell by looking at
grain in a heap or bin what its value
for seed may be The plumpest finest
formed berry and one with uninjured
vitality may have grown from a seed
that produced only a single stalk and
head and that poorly filled Such a
seed will tend to produce a like plant
from that on which it grew What may
be done by the proper selection of seed
Is shown in the great improvement that
Is made in the productiveness of corn
which with skillful cultivators is al
ways chosen on the stalk selecting
those that bear two full ears Yet if
size of kernel were the test the largest
and best grains might often be found
on the nubbin corn where the ears were
not filled out so that each grain could
grow round and full instead of being
compressed as it is in a well filled ear
Ye on such an ear there will always be
found at the tip and butt some grains
that had room to grow full size These
will produce better and stronger plants
than will the compressed grains from
the middle of the cob
Applying Land Plaster
A little at a time and often should be
the rule in applying land plaster The
finer it is ground the more evenly it can
be spread and a very light dusting will
3o as much good for the time as a
heavier application A bushel per acre
which will be about 100 pounds is what
farmers usually sow on clover If they
have the plaster on hand they some
times apply another hundred pounds
after the first crop is cut to make a
larger second growth This is not done
however on clover where a seed c rcp
is to be grown as the extra growth of
stalk and leaf is made at the exppnse
of the seed
Have a Little Fun
An excursion to your State agricultur
al college or experiment station will
amply repay any farmer If a little
effort is made to get up a large party
reduced rates can be secured and the
trip can be made most enjoyable This
will make a pleasant outing to take as
soon as the spring work is completed
in the lull just before the summer cam
paign It pays to get a little rest at this
season and again just before and also
after the heavy work of harvest Ail
work and no play makes the farmer a
dull boy
Enemies of Birds
The fact that the various kinds of
small birds once so common are now
very scarce is commonly attributed to
their destruction to gratify womans
pride in trimming her hats But the
song birds hare other enemies also
especially the English sparrow which
drives them away from their old haunts
near dwellings In the wild woods theL
small birds are exposed to many ene
mies Hawks of various kinds prey
on them while squirrels plunder their
nests and destroy their eggs Nothing
will set small birds to such a storm of
protest as the presence of a squirrel in
the neighborhood of their nests It is
a -guide to any one who is hunting the
squirrel for this outcry of the birds
gives warning of his approach before
the hunter could possibly see him
Support for S wcet Peas
A bed of sweet peas about a tree
trunk can be trained very satisfactorily
in the manner suggested in the accom
panying illustration A stout bit of
cord is tied about the trunk some three
feet from the ground and from equal
Ms te
A TREE TKUNK SUPPORT
1M
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spaces about it strings are carried out
and down to the ground where they
are secured by pegs driven into the
ground these pegs forming a perfect
circle about the tree When the plants
have secured a hold upon the strings
and have come to blossoming the effect
will be very pleasing and attractive
The Farm Tenant Help
The practice of hiring married meu
and furnishing them a tenant house
with garden as a part of their pay is
growing in favor It relieves farmers
wives from much hard labor in the ex
tra work required to cook and provide
food for a number outside their own
families It is also pleasanter and
on the whole better to have the chil
dren of the family not so closely asso
ciating with the hired help as they
must needs be if both occupy the same
house The married tenant if a good
help and receiving fair treatment will
be likely to remain a number of years
When help is hired to live in the house
it is usually dismissed in the fall and
entirely new help secured in the spring
But if the tenant is a good worker and
honest he will expect and should re
ceive as good treatment socially as the
farmer accords to neighboring farmers
There are and should be no social dis
tinctions based only on wealth in farm
life Thousands of men once owners
of farms have been obliged to become
tenants even when they have retained
enough capital to hire the farm and run
it on theiB own account On the other
hand a great tnany f arm laborers man
age to save money enough so that after
a few years they can become the own
ers of farms Whenever they do this
they generally prove to be more ef
ficient farmers than are those who se
cure what they have from the patri
mony left to them by their fathers
The Weather Bureau
This institution is doing better wors
this year than ever says Farm an
Home Its weather forecasts are not
always correct and it is doubtful if it
will ever be possible to make them
absolutely true for every nook and cor
ner of the country but they are a great
help to farmers who are so located as
to be able to get them in time The
farmers want to morrows forecasts
this afternoon so that they can plan
their work accordingly Every farmer
should also obtain the weekly weather
and crop report issued by his State
weather bureau in co operation with
the national weather bureau at Wash
ington and the latter publishes a week-
ly crop and climate bulletin that will
be found of great value In most of
the States the headquarters of the
bureau is at the State capital and it
may be addressed there
Bad Tempered Bulls
Too much care cannot be taken to
keep the bull always in subjection A
ring should be put in his nose before he
is a year old and if this is done a snap
fastening a stout stick to the ring and
which can be detached when not in use
will keep the animal in perfect subjec
tion On no account should a bull ba
led or driven without this contrivance
The bull when feeling well is a very
playful animal but if in play it once
draws blood the sight of it will make
him furious The tempers of most
bulls are spoiled by teasing them and
then getting out of the way If the
bull never sees any one who is net his
master and is always kept in subjec
tion by the stick and ring his useful
ness may be protracted till he is 8 or
10 years old
Farm Notes
The finest butter imported into the
English and French markets is said to
be -made in Northern France and is
known as Normandy butter Its quality-
is ascribed to the breed of cattle
pastures and method of manufacture
Oats contain the elements of the tis
sues of young animals most perfectly
balanced and with milk pi ouiote
healthy growth Dry oats are an es
pecially excellent feed for young calves
and to induce them to eat them they
may at first be slightly moistened with
milk If put into the milk the calf may
be choked
When a pasture has so deteriorated
that it will not be profitable to use it
for cows it will serve for sheep if the
sheep are allowed grain also but next
fall such pasture should receive a
heavy dressing of wood ashes after be J
ing plowed and left unharrowed It
does not pay to usd land for pasture
unless something can be bad from It
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