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About The Nebraska advertiser. (Nemaha City, Neb.) 18??-1909 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 17, 1899)
y A tflh-rr . - '''-"Tt Jl A fl J. 3P J lflVWrT UMk U VEl 5) Wn m hTOM :vcTBW -vfcKWr 5A. STORAGE OF APPLES. Moimtlliip; Cp mill Covering vrltn Knrtli, Tli In Writer Says, 1m the .liit NiitlNfnctory .tlellioil. Now t hut there is u generous crop of atpples in some localities this year, he general query arises how to winter tliein in tin best manner.. We have fount! no way that answers the require ments of the majority of farmers so w'cll as to mound them up and cover with earth. P.y this method tl: r- apple retains or rather secures a flat or far superior to that of apples kept in the cellar. It is therefore quite desirable to bury them tip with earth, only re moving them to the cellar as they are required for use. The proper method of mounding in winter apples is better explained in the .illustration. A box fh-e fcitt long i SKCTIONAL. VIEW OP Fill IT JIOI'ND. (A, Apples- S. Straw: 12, Karth. W, Ven tilating llox or Shaft.) nailed up from two by six-inch boards and perforated us shown in illustra tion with holes to permit escape of gases atid foul air. A small watershed is creeled at top, leaving cuts in gables for ventilation. This box is erected and apples mounded upon straw .around it until a foot from the top. The mound of fruit is then incased arutmd with oltl boards and covered wit.lt a heavy coating of straw and several inches of earth. This is suflieient until freezing wenthcr.whcn another coating of straw and earth should be placed upon the mound. This may be done after th weather is quite cold and frozen by throwing a litter of straw around the heap base, in order that the earth may not be frozen and be accessible for .covering. After the last covering its in place a load or two of coarse manure may be scattered over the mound. Ity this method the farmer may have tipples in cold htoragc until late spring and also have them secure from frost iu the cold est wenthev. The board covering is very necessary in order that the tipples may not be come compacted and mashed from the weight of covering, and the pile also is much easier to use from than a mound not protected by boards, tints caving in as the fruit is used out. Many, however, who have cellars pre fer t store in them, as it is somewhat more convenient, even though the llavor and crispness be not so well re tained. Very convenient crates may be made -for thin purpose by sawing plastering lath in two equally and nailing them up with ends prepared from inch hoards Qis2 inches in dimension. These boxes will hold a bushel each, are cheaply made and can be stacked into tows or upon temporary shehes in the cellar, where they may be easily ac cessible to use from, in regard to vari ety, keeping, quality, etc. These crates are ery superior to storing in barrels or bins, as no large quantity can be crushed together, nec essarily making it inconvenient to sort or discard decayed fruit. (leorge V. Hrovm, in Ohio Farmer. ORCHARD AND GARDEN. Soil and location will change the ap pearance of fruit and nlso the quality. The head of the tree should always be cut back to correspond with the roots. Mixed husbandry In gardening and fruit growing Ib necessary lo the best success. In pruning trees of any kind it is bet ter io have one strong branch than two or three weal: one. Whenever water is given to house plants enough should be given to wet the soil thoroughly. A few apple and peach tree-, should be planted eery ,ear In order to keep up a good supply on the farm. Handle the friut intended for lung keeping as little, as possible, taking care not to bruise It in nn. way. Hod is a protection to an orclmrd in winter. It is nn exceptional case when it is best to plow hi the fall. The Kuglish walnut Is si Id to be the most profitable of all nut-hearing trees. When in f n 1 1 bearing tliey' will yield about t00 pound of nuts to the free. Tim nut sells on niinycrng- at about uight cents per pound. If only '.n trees Are planted on an acre thojiicome weuld Ate about $G75.-$t, Louis Jlupubliu. . MK 2 Tay JJL nonvnrjn HAS MANY ADVANTAGES. ,VCIir). t iiilllli,(eil, IMrt-KelnillHB .lit Ik Pull That Cmi Ihmlly llu jfuitc ut llonu1. It is simply iinpossible to have Rood milk or gilt-edged milk products while the milk is contaminated by the tilth oT the barnyard. Few people have any idea of the amount of tilth they con sume in a lifetime in the milk and milk products they consume. The proverbial peck of dirt is a mere trillo to that. A convenient milk pail, almost, entirely proof against such element!!, nttiy be cheaply and conveniently made in the following manner: Take an ordinary tin ot zinc milk pall; have n spout made on one side with a cat); make a cover to latch on. In the center of the cover make a hole six Inches in diameter, and around this hole put a protecting rim about y3 Inches high, and flaring out ward. Tills will greatly reduce tflic dirt-eatchlng area. Next make ii bag of the thickest, closest wove tow cling, about eight inches in diameter nntl about eight inches deep, with a draw string in the top. Suspend this in the hole in the lid, doubling the top over the protecting rim nntl pulling the draw string tight to hold it in place, l'ut inside this a similnr bng of cheese cloth. Milk into the bag and the milk will filter into the pail as it is milked. When dirt falls into the bag it can be picked off and not go Into the milk. When the pail is full empty through the spout, take mil the cheesecloth bag with all its accumulated hairs and dirt and put in a clean one. Such a course might seem troublesome to dirty milk ers, but it is a cheap and effective way to make gilt-edged milk and to Increase the price -and popularity of your milk products. 1 will enumerate some of its advantages: (1) It keeps filth and hairs out of the milk. (2) It keeps the odors of the barnyard from the milk. (.1) It makes it almost impossible for The cow to put !icr foot in the milk pail. This item alone would, on the average, more than pay for its cost and trouble iti a year. (.1) The milk need spill but little should the pull get tipped over -another Item oT economy. (.") People who eat your milk and its products, in eluding yourself, will haw far finer flavor and eat far lessdirt. (0) With all thee advantages your milk will keep sweet much longer, earl.v souring being a sure sign of filth.- M. W. (Junn, in Prairie Farmer. SAVING STABLE WASTE. Himv ii MletilKttii l-'iirmiM' linked Coiiiitiisl IIi-iip of Woutlerf III Kei-llllliir. 1'iiiH'r. My plan is that a cistern be dug ten feet deep and wide, tit the cad of a pre pared place, for the barnyard manure, to be dug in a sloping position from one side to a depth of three or four feet, and long enough ami wide enough to ac commodate the manure. A stone wall is built til each end and at the back to HOW TO SAVJ2 rKTlTIMHICHS. keep the earth from caving in. Into thlg cistern, at the end of the compost heap, drains are constructed from the stables to carry the liquid, and also a drain or small sewer from the kitchen sink to convey the waste and keep it clean. Then we have il where we can utilize it to a good purpose. In the cistern is a pump, and occasionally the accumii lated liquid is pumped and thrown over this compost or manure heap, is readily taken in and absorbed, and the fertiliz ing elements preserved, thus making one of the best compost heaps 1 have tried. T. F. Collins, in Farm and Home. I'll re Hill (it for i:piirl. Mr. A. S. Mitchell, chemist of the Wisconsin dairy and food commission, says that in most of the foreign but ters sent to ICnghind preservatives are used. He expresses the belief that American butter known to be free from such chemicals would Hud a rend .i li on the llritish market. The oplni f Mr. Mitchell should be given weight. People of England as well as of this country are opposed to having their food doctored with borax and other st ii IV. They will gladly turn from goods so treated to goods that tire pure and free from nil other preservatives than salt. -Farmers Review. Mow to Prevent Must. The best tiling I have seen or used to kfup plow. cuHhntors and nil other farm Implements from rusting is to ukc petroleum and lampblack about the consistency of paint. Put it on with a brush or swab. If the imple ment is dry and clean when put on it will never rust as long as the paint (.ttiys on. The beauty of It Is Hint you do not have to clean it oil". If it is a plow, all you need to do is to hitch to It, stick it in the ground and go ahead. Ileuben Wcller, in Farm and Fireside. 'ItlKlit After I'nltllc Selioolx. 'After, theppbllc ftdjools come the public highways in their oll'tict on the public wclfuiis and ojj ecoilqjijje pips polity. . . . ' LN AMI) COJjOJIABO.- Irrigation Has Changed the Desert Into a Gurdcn. lint ttie Prnllt I Kriiprit liy IVntrr aiuiliirmllcN Wlinv 1'riiprlelurK Grow Kut on tin; Svtrnl ot tliif To 1 1 iti. Special Denver (Cot.) I.otler.I A great change is taking place in Colorado. Many eastern people arc under the mistaken impression that the mining industry is the princi pal source of its prosperity, but the stock ami farming industries arc much more profitable. Certainly they are more lasting. The profits of agri culture and stock raising during the present year are estimated at $00, 000,000. Tills rapid inctcase la mainly owing to the numerous irrigation en terprises, especially in southern Colo rado the arid district. There are ir. Colorado about .1,0 00, 00 1) acres ot lnud susceptible ot irrigation, and practical ly valueless without water. About half of this area is now under irrigation anil cultivation. To water this desert, region there have been constructed within the past few jears 11!,000 tulles of irrigating canals. The capital ex pended is estimated at $3,000,000, not including the purchase of the arid lands. These irrigating canals extend southward from Denver to Pueblo. Canon City, Trinidad, llurnngo, lie ltequc. and throughout the (iraud. Sun Luis and Arkansas valleys tapping the mountain streams for hundreds of miles. From these huge canals small ca nals are run in various directions, cttr- AN IIlBmATINlSCAN'Ar. ryi!T .water to farmers throughout the districts, tints gridironing the val leys with artificial utreams and, to sonic extent, modifying tliu dry, heat ed atmosphere. These canals are b or lii feet deep and about 'JO feet wid at the bottom, sloping outward at the top. The bot tom and sides are, of course, cement ed "water tight." The larger one have a capacity of irrigating about 50, 000 acres of land. In constructing the.se immense ca nals the builders have adopted (he pre historic grades and followed tins lines of the ruined and forgotten primitive irrigating ditches of the aboriginal tribes who inhabited thi country ages, ago. The modern engineer finds that he cannot improve upon thcs; scientific channels. Here are the ruins of ancient reservoirs, into which were Ltd the fertilizing streams from tint- motuv T.fifnMSi 1. 'T. - wc'5'a "JLilMfX.-'. r.. .&;&ISuSxa&mt2&i&Kti 'j. y;folKjrnsga-,B3i. imwowwiaa. -:'-. wrt. irtSKvny.'niJ? wfiKW n nrasn.1 i r.u.ir,;rf,- i - '.' JtTlllV iWZ'W?' ; .-. -rK?Mi LN, fr..,.1- - UKADOATU UF CANAU tains and the rivers to nourish their ....... i niuiu,' urui. in this arid section it requires about 18 inches of water yearly to grow orops. Tills water is distributed Jr. six irrigations, of about three inches each, at stated intt-rvulK. Then; is much disfciitisfaction among the farm ers at the appropriation ot these nat ural streams by the water syndicates. Stock rauers must nlu pay a royalty for water, as the streams -iic fenced with barbed wire, or guarded. The few .sluggish stre.ims on the desert soon run drj, or ink into the sands, und during the heated tcru'i,-when no rains full in thls.aritl rugion, tiioiucaudK' of dead cattle" are bccit on thf olnink nr-iislierl ffii. tint l:i'l- At -. ...i. :..';. Ibtnken fmui trient by the hig-.mupa-, ?fcrtu4rr,.J. .iT4TW' (AV'iiflV .1 &. jCT, . 5 m&M&& MMpM'w ai L'li- .mMjiiii-s ! Mif vummxbt ltrr jrsfij. m u w w&,sm'ZfflKVMmmctt ft '-'- 5J". -" I ' dl'4l..l - - 1 iilfs. Vkz. loss, ia rattle nrul sheep by the appropriation ut 'these sit emus ia huuieust.' W tiler can mly be Iinrt by purchasing stock in the eompuny, and upon thn face ot ueb certificate 1h a description of th laud to which the wntcrislo.be applied. Ha.scd upon this -ccrtilieati' the company issues to the farmer a water deed, or check, for the quantity he is entitled to. The holder is cntitli'd to u Voice in the lunuageuicnt of the company. When he sells his laud the water stock goesi with it. The water is the most valuable purl of the farm. This important fact is usually over looked by the eastern purchaser, until it is too late. He should first endeavor lu get laud ueav vn unappropriated stream if lie cau find any in southern Culorudo;. otherwise he will laud with lu the grasp of the water octopus and (lud himself making yearly payments for his farm long after he has paiil for the laud. That Is, he must cuiitiutie to pay for water or uUaudon his ranch. It may be within a hundred yards of a living stream, but he ib not permitted to dig a ditch nod tap that stream, though he sees "uceans" of water run ning by his door and to waste. The tit ream litui been "appropriated" by the irrigation company and he must get his supply from them. A "water right" costs from $t,000 to $2,500 for an eight, -aero farm, near t lie towns; but. out in the arid regions Hie stock is sold ut smaller figures, and the farmer pays, in addition, about $2 per acre, yearly, for water. As water Is most valuable where it In scarce, theft coiupaitieu practically hold it niortgagi; upon the productive energies of the people of the districts. True, they have greatly aided in re claiming the waste lands, but there ia no doubt that Colorado would soon be- StEAIl niJItANG; COU come, even more populous and wrnlthy were it not for the wholesale appropria tion of the streams by the irrigating companies. A number of these com panies have located, through "dum mies," extensive tracts of government ' lands. Then they appropriated Hie rivers and v recks and built their stor-j age reservoirs and irrigating canals. They pay the government nricc and charge the settler from f.UJ to &M, or more, per atrc. An-ording to govern ment hind otlicc reports nearly 1,000, 00(1 acres mf laud have l-ccn taken in Colorado during the past year and nearly alL of it i oivucd Uy these water companion. Of course.irrigation greatly increases the value of these arid lands, but the Hcttlcraclaini the right to do the irrigat ing. If Hie streams were not monopo lized by the corporations, each farmer (or the settlements), could construct their own ditches, and tap the streams. Home of them are sinking artesian wells, and will thus ho independent of the irrigating canals. That iswht the goveritintint is asked to sink artesian wells in Colorado desert lauds. It is held that the federal government vliould protect tile water supplv, both in the interests of public and private lauds. Tint settlers hold that the water naturally belongs lo the lauds- it is pari ot tan :auu, utul cannot lie sugrc- mosdnwii.frriiuihc aborigines. Iaimod that water was comiuuu- iy propet ty. It lit longed to all- no one i.'titiUt take that which hcioiigcd to others, but each prrsou was entitled to as much as he could us. For this he pave lii share of labor in constructing il itches, etc. They held that the water. Ul-.e tli air, was frue lo all. Hie man at d the beast, and no one individual had u right to take unto hiniself that which belonged lo ail. Under the laws of Colorado thi orient law Is revcrcd. A person may "npjiiifijirJatouMi-caui and no cue mav take water out of it with. out first paying him. He owns the wa ter ny prior "tiuicovery," or location, and hi neighbor above and below him in tut pay him a royal tj. Under the Jtlxiriginsi custom, and the Spanish law, the water U ii part of the laiid. This is what 1. called "riparian rlgliLs" and tva Jv uihudicd in the old Kottian law. It I-, uow construed otherwise. ;tgHiut the Interests of the government' and the genncat public. Who shall own the mi cant must oon become n national iune. jw millions of ncrcK of laud arc forever -Kurthlesx. Shall u few. corputarfoiiK own- thcie strranw (find' iiract'Irall- the (audi or the people to v;lioiii.-ie"r mttjiniHy.ho- long? j. ii. mtxn.i..s.o. HOW THEY RUN GOVERNMENT. Slrlktiiic lltiintrntloii of McmIhhIm In A oitue In (Siiiilrmntn UeRurltieit liy a former Kenlileiil. "A quniut littlccxperlence I ouee hat in tliu interior of (liiatl'tnahi," sald'n. former resilient of that ropublic, "fur nishes n tiptop Illustration of the waj; the j run govrruine.ntn in Central A liter ica. 1 had occasion to visit a small gar- rlson tovvn lu the colTce belt on sumo business" ami fount' the couimautlanl in a state bordering on distraction. Wo took dinner together und he told mo his tale of woe between courses. IIIh soldiers, il seemed, had been without pay for over three months, und tut tho government made no effort to provldct them with rations, they had subsisted on beans, tortillas and coffee furnished on credit by the oltl women of the vil lage. Naturally, the credit had worn itself out, nntl two duys before I arrived all the old women went on u strike, since which time the garrison hail been practically without fond. Needless to say, the soldiers were desperate ami they hnd determined io desert en bloo and go back to their homes. "I advised the commandant to tele graph the facts immediately to tho president, und at last he screwed up enough courage to send the message. As soon as It was received the president scut word to a wealthy planter 're questing' him to dispatch sonic cash iustantcr to the comiuuudant. Tim planter gave the messenger a $100 bill and rushed him olT on hoiheliaclc for tho village, which he reached at tlaybrcnlc the next morning. When the poor com maudaut saw tho remittance he nearly swooned away, for under the clrcum stances .$100 was about as much utic to him as 1(10 brass elephants. Nobody in the whole department could change if, and he was in the depths of despair un til I suddenly appeared In the mlc 61 good fulry. 1 happened to have 100 one dollar notes lu in)' saddlebags, and I handed over the bundle in return fori the hill brought by the courier, Tho commandant grabbed the packngoaml kissed me violently on both elteekw, (Ilory hallelujah! The country wtifj saved I Faeh soldier got a dollar, which he paid on account, and the credit o(, the government was restored. Thognr rlson howled with joy, ami the old women shed happy tears in t lie enffru which they at once proceeded to lioili It was a touching scene. If ever 1 go back to that, place again I will bo (rent cd like a prince."- N. 0. TlmcH-Ucinor crut. ON THE ICE TRAIL. I)eMiini(e Itnee of PriNire.(orrt wltlfc I.'nmliio mul Colli In (lie K lim it I te Country. All through December it long pruco&t slou of men ptissetl Fort Selkirk, bound for Cod's country. All classes of Ufa were represented, from the peddler tt the millionaire, mine owner, nntl it 1.1 only fttlr to the peddler to say Hint fop grit and endurance no one surpassed nun. homo truugeu ami tuggco u& heavy sleds and were their own dogt?l as the saying went, and others trotted along behind well-broken dog tcninn , and liatl their hired men to attend h the animals ami do the work of makiiif und breaking camp. It was a gayly caparisoned procr,'j- siou and not at all suggestive of tho desperate race with famine and cold. The men who knew to a certainty thnk their provisions would not last (hem tt tho coast, mul who had no idea whnt they would do when the food gtivoout, wore carnival colored packics of yellow and white, or blue nip white, or tawnjf ' fox skins, and the richer and darhc furs. Kvcn the face masks and pro jeeting heads, when seen at u little dis tanee, enrried out the masquerade Idetv suggested by the domino-like packless but a closer inspection of tho deep-scl faces behind their fringe of ice showed hard Hues and little suggestion ot mirth. And yet the men were not conquered1 nud despondent. Once in awhile, it if true, some maimed, half frozen oreaturo would come along, half eraed with fear and pain, hut with the majority tho' hardships and care brought uppermost the masterful spirit that in character istic or the horn pioneer, and dillIciiltIe,T and danger were taken hnutrrliiglj and with disdain. "You Anirrieans have wonder fu I'uoiw ?tUutioii," said John I'eclie, tho Canadian government incyscnger, who late in December was Hie first man iix from t lie outside world. "Coming do wit the river I met over :)( men on their way out, and most of them weic from, the slates, and knew nothing of t dis coid that is cold, or how to take care of themselves right, .vet they acted iih it they were on a picnic and aa if the tlevit were real!.) dead, and Ihcj didn't seeiri to mind little hiroiiii'iueuecu like frozen checks and fret anil hands willi tho nails coming oil" and blistered with host. They're iccklcss devils, and :u more c hre ky s.vt I never met. "--Fores It and Stream. UeHeiri! film. Magistrate- Do you ackuuvv ledge that you wrre with the gang when I hi man was robbed? Prisoner--! refuse to commit inyyijCr, judge . ".AH right; J'll do. it for'vou. Three iudutli."-l'lill:idelpii;i ltecord. ' . I S. - f - ..