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5A.
STORAGE OF APPLES.
Moimtlliip; Cp mill Covering vrltn
Knrtli, Tli In Writer Says, 1m the
.liit NiitlNfnctory .tlellioil.
Now t hut there is u generous crop of
atpples in some localities this year, he
general query arises how to winter
tliein in tin best manner.. We have
fount! no way that answers the require
ments of the majority of farmers so
w'cll as to mound them up and cover
with earth. P.y this method tl: r- apple
retains or rather secures a flat or far
superior to that of apples kept in the
cellar. It is therefore quite desirable
to bury them tip with earth, only re
moving them to the cellar as they are
required for use.
The proper method of mounding in
winter apples is better explained in the
.illustration. A box fh-e fcitt long i
SKCTIONAL. VIEW OP Fill IT JIOI'ND.
(A, Apples- S. Straw: 12, Karth. W, Ven
tilating llox or Shaft.)
nailed up from two by six-inch boards
and perforated us shown in illustra
tion with holes to permit escape of
gases atid foul air. A small watershed
is creeled at top, leaving cuts in gables
for ventilation. This box is erected and
apples mounded upon straw .around it
until a foot from the top. The mound
of fruit is then incased arutmd with
oltl boards and covered wit.lt a heavy
coating of straw and several inches of
earth.
This is suflieient until freezing
wenthcr.whcn another coating of straw
and earth should be placed upon the
mound.
This may be done after th weather
is quite cold and frozen by throwing a
litter of straw around the heap base,
in order that the earth may not be
frozen and be accessible for .covering.
After the last covering its in place a
load or two of coarse manure may be
scattered over the mound. Ity this
method the farmer may have tipples in
cold htoragc until late spring and also
have them secure from frost iu the cold
est wenthev.
The board covering is very necessary
in order that the tipples may not be
come compacted and mashed from the
weight of covering, and the pile also is
much easier to use from than a mound
not protected by boards, tints caving in
as the fruit is used out.
Many, however, who have cellars pre
fer t store in them, as it is somewhat
more convenient, even though the
llavor and crispness be not so well re
tained. Very convenient crates may be made
-for thin purpose by sawing plastering
lath in two equally and nailing them
up with ends prepared from inch
hoards Qis2 inches in dimension.
These boxes will hold a bushel each, are
cheaply made and can be stacked into
tows or upon temporary shehes in the
cellar, where they may be easily ac
cessible to use from, in regard to vari
ety, keeping, quality, etc.
These crates are ery superior to
storing in barrels or bins, as no large
quantity can be crushed together, nec
essarily making it inconvenient to sort
or discard decayed fruit. (leorge V.
Hrovm, in Ohio Farmer.
ORCHARD AND GARDEN.
Soil and location will change the ap
pearance of fruit and nlso the quality.
The head of the tree should always be
cut back to correspond with the roots.
Mixed husbandry In gardening and
fruit growing Ib necessary lo the best
success.
In pruning trees of any kind it is bet
ter io have one strong branch than two
or three weal: one.
Whenever water is given to house
plants enough should be given to wet
the soil thoroughly.
A few apple and peach tree-, should be
planted eery ,ear In order to keep up a
good supply on the farm.
Handle the friut intended for lung
keeping as little, as possible, taking care
not to bruise It in nn. way.
Hod is a protection to an orclmrd in
winter. It is nn exceptional case when
it is best to plow hi the fall.
The Kuglish walnut Is si Id to be the
most profitable of all nut-hearing trees.
When in f n 1 1 bearing tliey' will yield
about t00 pound of nuts to the free.
Tim nut sells on niinycrng- at about
uight cents per pound. If only '.n trees
Are planted on an acre thojiicome weuld
Ate about $G75.-$t, Louis Jlupubliu. .
MK 2
Tay
JJL
nonvnrjn
HAS MANY ADVANTAGES.
,VCIir). t iiilllli,(eil, IMrt-KelnillHB
.lit Ik Pull That Cmi Ihmlly
llu jfuitc ut llonu1.
It is simply iinpossible to have Rood
milk or gilt-edged milk products while
the milk is contaminated by the tilth
oT the barnyard. Few people have any
idea of the amount of tilth they con
sume in a lifetime in the milk and milk
products they consume. The proverbial
peck of dirt is a mere trillo to that. A
convenient milk pail, almost, entirely
proof against such element!!, nttiy be
cheaply and conveniently made in the
following manner: Take an ordinary
tin ot zinc milk pall; have n spout made
on one side with a cat); make a cover
to latch on. In the center of the cover
make a hole six Inches in diameter, and
around this hole put a protecting rim
about y3 Inches high, and flaring out
ward. Tills will greatly reduce
tflic dirt-eatchlng area. Next make
ii bag of the thickest, closest wove tow
cling, about eight inches in diameter
nntl about eight inches deep, with a
draw string in the top. Suspend this
in the hole in the lid, doubling the top
over the protecting rim nntl pulling the
draw string tight to hold it in place,
l'ut inside this a similnr bng of cheese
cloth. Milk into the bag and the milk
will filter into the pail as it is milked.
When dirt falls into the bag it can be
picked off and not go Into the milk.
When the pail is full empty through
the spout, take mil the cheesecloth bag
with all its accumulated hairs and dirt
and put in a clean one. Such a course
might seem troublesome to dirty milk
ers, but it is a cheap and effective way
to make gilt-edged milk and to Increase
the price -and popularity of your milk
products. 1 will enumerate some of its
advantages: (1) It keeps filth and
hairs out of the milk. (2) It keeps the
odors of the barnyard from the milk.
(.1) It makes it almost impossible for
The cow to put !icr foot in the milk pail.
This item alone would, on the average,
more than pay for its cost and trouble
iti a year. (.1) The milk need spill but
little should the pull get tipped over -another
Item oT economy. (.") People
who eat your milk and its products, in
eluding yourself, will haw far finer
flavor and eat far lessdirt. (0) With all
thee advantages your milk will keep
sweet much longer, earl.v souring being
a sure sign of filth.- M. W. (Junn, in
Prairie Farmer.
SAVING STABLE WASTE.
Himv ii MletilKttii l-'iirmiM' linked
Coiiiitiisl IIi-iip of Woutlerf III
Kei-llllliir. 1'iiiH'r.
My plan is that a cistern be dug ten
feet deep and wide, tit the cad of a pre
pared place, for the barnyard manure,
to be dug in a sloping position from one
side to a depth of three or four feet, and
long enough ami wide enough to ac
commodate the manure. A stone wall
is built til each end and at the back to
HOW TO SAVJ2 rKTlTIMHICHS.
keep the earth from caving in. Into thlg
cistern, at the end of the compost heap,
drains are constructed from the stables
to carry the liquid, and also a drain or
small sewer from the kitchen sink to
convey the waste and keep it clean.
Then we have il where we can utilize it
to a good purpose. In the cistern is a
pump, and occasionally the accumii
lated liquid is pumped and thrown over
this compost or manure heap, is readily
taken in and absorbed, and the fertiliz
ing elements preserved, thus making
one of the best compost heaps 1 have
tried. T. F. Collins, in Farm and Home.
I'll re Hill (it for i:piirl.
Mr. A. S. Mitchell, chemist of the
Wisconsin dairy and food commission,
says that in most of the foreign but
ters sent to ICnghind preservatives are
used. He expresses the belief that
American butter known to be free from
such chemicals would Hud a rend .i li
on the llritish market. The oplni f
Mr. Mitchell should be given weight.
People of England as well as of this
country are opposed to having their
food doctored with borax and other
st ii IV. They will gladly turn from
goods so treated to goods that tire pure
and free from nil other preservatives
than salt. -Farmers Review.
Mow to Prevent Must.
The best tiling I have seen or used
to kfup plow. cuHhntors and nil other
farm Implements from rusting is to
ukc petroleum and lampblack about
the consistency of paint. Put it on
with a brush or swab. If the imple
ment is dry and clean when put on
it will never rust as long as the paint
(.ttiys on. The beauty of It Is Hint you
do not have to clean it oil". If it is a
plow, all you need to do is to hitch to
It, stick it in the ground and go ahead.
Ileuben Wcller, in Farm and Fireside.
'ItlKlit After I'nltllc Selioolx.
'After, theppbllc ftdjools come the
public highways in their oll'tict on the
public wclfuiis and ojj ecoilqjijje pips
polity. . . . '
LN AMI) COJjOJIABO.-
Irrigation Has Changed the Desert
Into a Gurdcn.
lint ttie Prnllt I Kriiprit liy IVntrr
aiuiliirmllcN Wlinv 1'riiprlelurK
Grow Kut on tin; Svtrnl ot
tliif To 1 1 iti.
Special Denver (Cot.) I.otler.I
A great change is taking place in
Colorado. Many eastern people arc
under the mistaken impression that
the mining industry is the princi
pal source of its prosperity, but
the stock ami farming industries arc
much more profitable. Certainly they
are more lasting. The profits of agri
culture and stock raising during the
present year are estimated at $00,
000,000. Tills rapid inctcase la mainly
owing to the numerous irrigation en
terprises, especially in southern Colo
rado the arid district. There are ir.
Colorado about .1,0 00, 00 1) acres ot lnud
susceptible ot irrigation, and practical
ly valueless without water. About half
of this area is now under irrigation
anil cultivation. To water this desert,
region there have been constructed
within the past few jears 11!,000 tulles
of irrigating canals. The capital ex
pended is estimated at $3,000,000, not
including the purchase of the arid
lands. These irrigating canals extend
southward from Denver to Pueblo.
Canon City, Trinidad, llurnngo, lie
ltequc. and throughout the (iraud. Sun
Luis and Arkansas valleys tapping the
mountain streams for hundreds of
miles.
From these huge canals small ca
nals are run in various directions, cttr-
AN IIlBmATINlSCAN'Ar.
ryi!T .water to farmers throughout
the districts, tints gridironing the val
leys with artificial utreams and, to
sonic extent, modifying tliu dry, heat
ed atmosphere.
These canals are b or lii feet deep
and about 'JO feet wid at the bottom,
sloping outward at the top. The bot
tom and sides are, of course, cement
ed "water tight." The larger one
have a capacity of irrigating about 50,
000 acres of land.
In constructing the.se immense ca
nals the builders have adopted (he pre
historic grades and followed tins lines
of the ruined and forgotten primitive
irrigating ditches of the aboriginal
tribes who inhabited thi country ages,
ago. The modern engineer finds that
he cannot improve upon thcs; scientific
channels. Here are the ruins of ancient
reservoirs, into which were Ltd the
fertilizing streams from tint- motuv
T.fifnMSi 1.
'T. - wc'5'a
"JLilMfX.-'. r..
.&;&ISuSxa&mt2&i&Kti
'j. y;folKjrnsga-,B3i. imwowwiaa.
-:'-. wrt. irtSKvny.'niJ? wfiKW n nrasn.1
i r.u.ir,;rf,- i
- '.' JtTlllV iWZ'W?'
; .-. -rK?Mi
LN,
fr..,.1- -
UKADOATU UF CANAU
tains and the rivers to nourish their
....... i
niuiu,' urui.
in this arid section it requires
about
18 inches of water yearly to grow
orops. Tills water is distributed Jr.
six irrigations, of about three inches
each, at stated intt-rvulK. Then; is
much disfciitisfaction among the farm
ers at the appropriation ot these nat
ural streams by the water syndicates.
Stock rauers must nlu pay a royalty
for water, as the streams -iic fenced
with barbed wire, or guarded. The
few .sluggish stre.ims on the desert
soon run drj, or ink into the sands,
und during the heated tcru'i,-when no
rains full in thls.aritl rugion, tiioiucaudK'
of dead cattle" are bccit on thf olnink
nr-iislierl ffii. tint l:i'l- At -. ...i. :..';.
Ibtnken fmui trient by the hig-.mupa-,
?fcrtu4rr,.J. .iT4TW' (AV'iiflV .1 &. jCT, .
5 m&M&& MMpM'w ai L'li-
.mMjiiii-s !
Mif
vummxbt ltrr jrsfij. m u
w w&,sm'ZfflKVMmmctt
ft '-'- 5J". -" I
' dl'4l..l -
- 1
iilfs. Vkz. loss, ia rattle nrul sheep by
the appropriation ut 'these sit emus ia
huuieust.'
W tiler can mly be Iinrt by purchasing
stock in the eompuny, and upon thn
face ot ueb certificate 1h a description
of th laud to which the wntcrislo.be
applied. Ha.scd upon this -ccrtilieati'
the company issues to the farmer a
water deed, or check, for the quantity
he is entitled to. The holder is cntitli'd
to u Voice in the lunuageuicnt of the
company. When he sells his laud the
water stock goesi with it. The water
is the most valuable purl of the farm.
This important fact is usually over
looked by the eastern purchaser, until
it is too late. He should first endeavor
lu get laud ueav vn unappropriated
stream if lie cau find any in southern
Culorudo;. otherwise he will laud with
lu the grasp of the water octopus and
(lud himself making yearly payments
for his farm long after he has paiil for
the laud. That Is, he must cuiitiutie to
pay for water or uUaudon his ranch.
It may be within a hundred yards of a
living stream, but he ib not permitted
to dig a ditch nod tap that stream,
though he sees "uceans" of water run
ning by his door and to waste. The
tit ream litui been "appropriated" by the
irrigation company and he must get
his supply from them.
A "water right" costs from $t,000 to
$2,500 for an eight, -aero farm, near t lie
towns; but. out in the arid regions Hie
stock is sold ut smaller figures, and
the farmer pays, in addition, about $2
per acre, yearly, for water.
As water Is most valuable where it In
scarce, theft coiupaitieu practically
hold it niortgagi; upon the productive
energies of the people of the districts.
True, they have greatly aided in re
claiming the waste lands, but there ia
no doubt that Colorado would soon be-
StEAIl niJItANG; COU
come, even more populous and wrnlthy
were it not for the wholesale appropria
tion of the streams by the irrigating
companies. A number of these com
panies have located, through "dum
mies," extensive tracts of government '
lands. Then they appropriated Hie
rivers and v recks and built their stor-j
age reservoirs and irrigating canals.
They pay the government nricc and
charge the settler from f.UJ to &M, or
more, per atrc. An-ording to govern
ment hind otlicc reports nearly 1,000,
00(1 acres mf laud have l-ccn taken in
Colorado during the past year and
nearly alL of it i oivucd Uy these water
companion.
Of course.irrigation greatly increases
the value of these arid lands, but the
Hcttlcraclaini the right to do the irrigat
ing. If Hie streams were not monopo
lized by the corporations, each farmer
(or the settlements), could construct
their own ditches, and tap the streams.
Home of them are sinking artesian
wells, and will thus ho independent of
the irrigating canals. That iswht the
goveritintint is asked to sink artesian
wells in Colorado desert lauds.
It is held that the federal government
vliould protect tile water supplv, both
in the interests of public and private
lauds. Tint settlers hold that the water
naturally belongs lo the lauds- it is
pari ot tan :auu, utul cannot lie sugrc-
mosdnwii.frriiuihc aborigines.
Iaimod that water was comiuuu-
iy propet ty. It lit longed to all- no
one i.'titiUt take that which hcioiigcd to
others, but each prrsou was entitled
to as much as he could us. For this he
pave lii share of labor in constructing
il itches, etc. They held that the water.
Ul-.e tli air, was frue lo all. Hie man at d
the beast, and no one individual had u
right to take unto hiniself that which
belonged lo ail. Under the laws of
Colorado thi orient law Is revcrcd. A
person may "npjiiifijirJatouMi-caui and
no cue mav take water out of it with.
out first paying him. He owns the wa
ter ny prior "tiuicovery," or location,
and hi neighbor above and below
him in tut pay him a royal tj. Under
the Jtlxiriginsi custom, and the Spanish
law, the water U ii part of the laiid.
This is what 1. called "riparian
rlgliLs" and tva Jv uihudicd in the
old Kottian law. It I-, uow construed
otherwise. ;tgHiut the Interests of the
government' and the genncat public.
Who shall own the mi cant must oon
become n national iune. jw millions of
ncrcK of laud arc forever -Kurthlesx.
Shall u few. corputarfoiiK own- thcie
strranw (find' iiract'Irall- the (audi or
the people to v;lioiii.-ie"r mttjiniHy.ho-
long?
j. ii. mtxn.i..s.o.
HOW THEY RUN GOVERNMENT.
Slrlktiiic lltiintrntloii of McmIhhIm In
A oitue In (Siiiilrmntn UeRurltieit
liy a former Kenlileiil.
"A quniut littlccxperlence I ouee hat
in tliu interior of (liiatl'tnahi," sald'n.
former resilient of that ropublic, "fur
nishes n tiptop Illustration of the waj;
the j run govrruine.ntn in Central A liter
ica. 1 had occasion to visit a small gar-
rlson tovvn lu the colTce belt on sumo
business" ami fount' the couimautlanl in
a state bordering on distraction. Wo
took dinner together und he told mo
his tale of woe between courses. IIIh
soldiers, il seemed, had been without
pay for over three months, und tut tho
government made no effort to provldct
them with rations, they had subsisted
on beans, tortillas and coffee furnished
on credit by the oltl women of the vil
lage. Naturally, the credit had worn
itself out, nntl two duys before I arrived
all the old women went on u strike,
since which time the garrison hail been
practically without fond. Needless to
say, the soldiers were desperate ami
they hnd determined io desert en bloo
and go back to their homes.
"I advised the commandant to tele
graph the facts immediately to tho
president, und at last he screwed up
enough courage to send the message.
As soon as It was received the president
scut word to a wealthy planter 're
questing' him to dispatch sonic cash
iustantcr to the comiuuudant. Tim
planter gave the messenger a $100 bill
and rushed him olT on hoiheliaclc for tho
village, which he reached at tlaybrcnlc
the next morning. When the poor com
maudaut saw tho remittance he nearly
swooned away, for under the clrcum
stances .$100 was about as much utic to
him as 1(10 brass elephants. Nobody in
the whole department could change if,
and he was in the depths of despair un
til I suddenly appeared In the mlc 61
good fulry. 1 happened to have 100 one
dollar notes lu in)' saddlebags, and I
handed over the bundle in return fori
the hill brought by the courier, Tho
commandant grabbed the packngoaml
kissed me violently on both elteekw,
(Ilory hallelujah! The country wtifj
saved I Faeh soldier got a dollar, which
he paid on account, and the credit o(,
the government was restored. Thognr
rlson howled with joy, ami the old
women shed happy tears in t lie enffru
which they at once proceeded to lioili
It was a touching scene. If ever 1 go
back to that, place again I will bo (rent
cd like a prince."- N. 0. TlmcH-Ucinor
crut.
ON THE ICE TRAIL.
I)eMiini(e Itnee of PriNire.(orrt wltlfc
I.'nmliio mul Colli In (lie K lim
it I te Country.
All through December it long pruco&t
slou of men ptissetl Fort Selkirk, bound
for Cod's country. All classes of Ufa
were represented, from the peddler tt
the millionaire, mine owner, nntl it 1.1
only fttlr to the peddler to say Hint fop
grit and endurance no one surpassed
nun. homo truugeu ami tuggco u&
heavy sleds and were their own dogt?l
as the saying went, and others trotted
along behind well-broken dog tcninn ,
and liatl their hired men to attend h
the animals ami do the work of makiiif
und breaking camp.
It was a gayly caparisoned procr,'j-
siou and not at all suggestive of tho
desperate race with famine and cold.
The men who knew to a certainty thnk
their provisions would not last (hem tt
tho coast, mul who had no idea whnt
they would do when the food gtivoout,
wore carnival colored packics of yellow
and white, or blue nip white, or tawnjf '
fox skins, and the richer and darhc
furs. Kvcn the face masks and pro
jeeting heads, when seen at u little dis
tanee, enrried out the masquerade Idetv
suggested by the domino-like packless
but a closer inspection of tho deep-scl
faces behind their fringe of ice showed
hard Hues and little suggestion ot
mirth.
And yet the men were not conquered1
nud despondent. Once in awhile, it if
true, some maimed, half frozen oreaturo
would come along, half eraed with fear
and pain, hut with the majority tho'
hardships and care brought uppermost
the masterful spirit that in character
istic or the horn pioneer, and dillIciiltIe,T
and danger were taken hnutrrliiglj and
with disdain.
"You Anirrieans have wonder fu I'uoiw
?tUutioii," said John I'eclie, tho
Canadian government incyscnger, who
late in December was Hie first man iix
from t lie outside world. "Coming do wit
the river I met over :)( men on their
way out, and most of them weic from,
the slates, and knew nothing of t dis
coid that is cold, or how to take care of
themselves right, .vet they acted iih it
they were on a picnic and aa if the tlevit
were real!.) dead, and Ihcj didn't seeiri
to mind little hiroiiii'iueuecu like frozen
checks and fret anil hands willi tho
nails coming oil" and blistered with
host. They're iccklcss devils, and :u
more c hre ky s.vt I never met. "--Fores It
and Stream.
UeHeiri! film.
Magistrate- Do you ackuuvv ledge
that you wrre with the gang when I hi
man was robbed?
Prisoner--! refuse to commit inyyijCr,
judge .
".AH right; J'll do. it for'vou. Three
iudutli."-l'lill:idelpii;i ltecord. '
. I
S.
- f -
..
