8
THE COUEIER
The Courier
Published Every Saturday
Entered In the Poetofltoe at Unooln u second
clue matter.
OFFICE, MO-910 P STREET
TSLKPBOHC
i Btudneu Offloe, 214
1 Editorial Koomt, 80
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
Per annum. In edranoe, SL00
Single Copy, .06
$afefp Berne
z Prevent Wrecks
Ever since the collision at the southern
end of the New York Central tunnel last
winter, people who ride much on railway
cars have been Interested In means for
stopping trains when engineers fall to
see the signals. Several inventions of
that class have been the subject of ex
periment In this country, but none have
been formally adopted. There are signs
that European countries may anticipate
the United States in this particular.
In a recent report to the state depart
ment at Washington the American con
sul at Berne, Adolph I. Frankenthal,
mentions a test which he witnessed at
the request of an inventor. The consul
rode In the cab of a locomotive drawing
four passenger cars at a speed of thirty
miles an hour. At a predetermined place
the Westlnghouse brakes were set with
out any action of the engineer. The stop
page of the train "was Indicated on a dial,
the brakes were then released, and a
whistle, which had already once sounded
as a warning of trouble, now reported the
brakes thrown off.
Two pieces of apparatus are necessary
for this service. One is a lever on the
track, which Is raised Into the right posi
tion whenever the signal Is set to stop a
train. It does not matter whether the
signal Itself is operated by a wire, com
pressed air or electricity. The lever
moves when the signal does. The other
part of the apparatus Is mounted on the
engine. There is an arm hanging down
in such a position that it will be moved
whenever It arrives at the place where
the lever is, If the lever sticks up. One
might suppose that the shock of contact
would hurt either the lever or the arm;
but the latter Is mounted so as to swing
In such a way as to escape Injury, and
yet perform the duty assigned to it
That portion of the mechanism which Is
up In the cab, -when It is actuated by
the stroke below, sets the brakes with
a degree of rapidity that Is variable and
.that Is controlled by previous adjust
ment. Mr. Frankenthal-' says that several
trains on Swiss road's have been equip
ped with, this apparatus provisionally,
for purposes ofcexperiment and the hope
is entertaine'd that the government will
require its general adoption. On trial
trips in Switzerland a speed of thirty
seven miles an hour was developed. In
Austria tests were made at various
speeds, the maximum being sixty-two
miles an hour. One road in Germany,
on wlilch several accidents have hap
pened the Grossherzogliche Badlache
has ordered a number of Its expresses to
be thus equipped.
hands of the linotype 'operator. This
worthy is not more infallible than the
.reporter who -writes the copy. The re
sult of the work done up to this stage
Is a lot of hot type bars loosely set to
gether in a frame. Here a sheet of
moistened paper Is laid on top of the
type bars, the latter are Inked and a
roller drawn over them. The result Is a
rather ragged print of the matter which
the reporter a few minutes before had
drawn from a clicking typewriter and
consigned to the tender mercies of the
linotype man. This print Is called the
proof-sheet It Is whisked to the desk
of the proof-readers. The function of
these individuals Is a peculiar one. It
Is, In fact, the detection of all the errors
that may have been made In preparing
the copy. The copy or manuscript Is re
garded as the first authority, but the
proof-reader Is supposed to be able to
pick up" any mistakes that may have
been made in the copy. The rule laid
down for the proof-reade- Is "stick to
the copy as long as it Is right and cor
rect it when it Is wrong."
The proof-sheet after it leaves the
hands of the reader bears on its wide
margin marks unintelligible to the lay
man. To the eye of the compositor,
however, these marks are full of mean
ing. They guide him to the mistakes
that have been made and point out the
desired corrections. If a letter has been
omitted, or if letters have been trans
posed or any of the numerous mistakes
occur that are always being made, they
are noted on the proof sheet, providing
the proof-reader has done his duty.
The llnotypist next makes the correc
tions desired and if the proof on -which
he has been working contains any glar
ing errors, another proof sheet is gen-.-,
erally made. This second proof Is called
JfcMfer DM ft .
The average reader of a newspaper
does not appreciate the labor that has
been given to the sheet of paper which
he consults for the happenings of the
dav. Thf nlmnlp shM nf naner xehlrh
I? appears so inconsequential Is the result
of many processes and much varied la
bor on the part of diverse workers.
From the time that the newspaper ex
ists only In the future as a tall spruce
tree ready to be ground into pulp, until
It Is carried all folded and ready for
delivery from the pressroom, the paper
has occupied the attention of many per
sons, of whom the proof-reader Is not
the least Important one.
When the news of the day has been
coined, by the busy reporters, Into copy
of varying clearness and Indifferent
workmanship, it Is hustled off to the
composing room and there the aewa
undergoes another transformation at the
a "revise" proof. This is sent out to the
proof-readers and again an inspection Is
made for the discovery, of mistakes
either overlooked in the former reading
or made anew by the compositor. Whea
this second critical examination Is made
.the 'news as It was embodied In type
metal Is ready for the forms.
Thus It can be seen that much of the
reputation of a paper for accuracy de
pends upon the care with which the
proof-sheets are read. Though a work
of dull .routine, It involves great respon
sibility on the part of the persons read
ing the proof. The first place where the
blame Is laid for a verbal or grammati
cal blunder in the completed news
sheet us on the proof-reader. There the
editor finds solace for his wounded feel
ings and thus reporters relieve them
selves of responsibility for errors by
saying: "The proof-reader should not
have let it through." If It is an error
on the part of the compositor the censor
of the proof-sheet comes in for the
blame too, because be did not exercise
sufficient care In detecting errors. Take
It all In all, it is one of the most thank
'less tasks on a newspaper, and at the
same time one of the most important to
the appearance and standing of the pa
per. Then, too, there are certain com
pensating features which offset some of
the disadvantages and discomforts of
the work. The proof-reader comes in
contact with all forms of language and
Is taught discrimination and learns the
use of English.
Occasionally women are employed as
proof-readers, but as a rulc.they .lack
concentration and the capacity for pa
tient effort so necessary In that kind of
world The' work: demands greater pa
tience with routine than the average
woman Is possessed of.
CHARMING DAUGHTER OF A SENATOR TO WED.
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A wedding of national interest will be that of Miss Clarion Cocktell to ,
Edson F. Gallaudet, which will take place in February. The bride to be Is '
the eldest daughter of Senator Cockrell, of .Missouri. Her fiancee Is the son j
of Dr. Edward M. .Gallaudet, president of. Gallaudet college.
She (to him) Here's another one of
those old Jokes about the mistletoe as
If you cared whether the mistletoe was
over one's head or, not
.
He Tell me. Dearest, has any man
ever kissed you?
She Only one man and that did not
count
He You mean he was a relation?
She No; it was under the mistletoe.
LILY LANGTRY IN AMERICA
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Lily Langtry, .popularly known as the
Jersey Lily, is in. this country to give
Americans a chance to see "The Cross
ways," her mew play which pleased King
Edward so much.. Incidentally, .the ,
Gotham critics do not take very kindly to
her play.
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In every town
and village
may be had,-
the .
Mica
Axle
Grease
that makes your
horses glad.
HAPIMESSm
HORSE COLLAttS
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ASKYOUt E ALERIoSfJOVrtllf M
EFOt YOUflUY.
UNurACTUNCO BY
HARPHAH BROS.Ca
LiNCOLN.Nca.
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