THE COURIER
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Ansie L. Millek, Editor.
THE CLUB PRESIDENT.
The warmth and green and breath of spring
The thought of club elections bring.
With heaven's sides so blue and bright.
Responsibility seems alight;
But let your deepest thought and care
The choice of president declare.
The birdies twitter from each tree
Who shall she be? Who shall she be?
The south wind murmurs low her name
For each to catch the sweet refrain.
Choose first for one you would elect
A woman who command respect;
No thought of self obscures her view
Of what k kind and just and true;
A temper well-controlled and brave
To meet the sudden storm or wave
Of heated talk; one who presides
With case, her rulings prompt and wise.
The dub's best weal should be your end
No matter who may be your friend.
The Fortnightly club met with Miss
Harris on Friday, March 4. A visitor,
Mre. Bodman of New York city, a mem
ber of The Wednesday club of that city,
was present. Mre. Bodman is a sister
of Mrs- Oliver Rodgere. The Wednes
day club, like Sorosis of Lincoln, allows
each member to select her topic instead
of devoting a season to the consideration
of one. Mrs. A. C. Rickelts occupied
the afternoon with a very interesting
paper on "The Sea Power of Holland
and Her Colonies,'' synopsis of "which is
presented here. The club adjourned to
meet next week with Mre. C. H. Imhoff.
SEA POWER OF HOLLAND AND HER
COLONIES.
I. Trade Routes
a. Necessity for frit ndly settle
ment at each end the far
end becomes a colony.
b. Road stations, CaDe of Good
Hope, Gibralter, etc.
II. Sea Power of Nations D.pendant
On-
a. Geographical position.
b. Extent of territory.
c Physical conformation; cli
mate; natural production.
d. Size of population.
e. Character of people.
f. Character of government
III. Origin of Holland's Sea Strength.
a. Fishing; curing and salting;
market pre-reformation the
world ate fish.
b. Beginning of era of wool
first manufactured in Flan
ders. c Silk, linen, tapestry and lace
manufactories.
IV. Growth and History of Commerce
a. Flanders became the manu
facturing and commercial
center of the world.
b. Distributing depot for drugs,
spices and Eilks of Orient;
velvets and glass from Italy;
wines from France; furs,
metals and wax from Russia,
Norway and Sweden.
c Through the Rhine medium
of communication with Ger
many. d. Commercial ally of Italy.
e. Examples: Ghent in 1340:
400,000 weavers. Wealth and
luxury of bughsrs.
f. Amsterdam the entrepot of
Europe.
g. The conquest of Europe by
the Turks; the discovery of a
- )
. water passage to the Indies
diverted overland trade with
the east and destroyed the
German and Italian cities
who had been nourished by
it. The Netherlands profited
and by middle of Sixteenth
century absorbed most of the
carrying trade of the world.
For 150 years her sea-power
was dominant.
h. Success entirely due to na
tional character.
j. Principle of freedom of trade
incorporated in the Grand
Charter.
h Dutch E. India Co.
V. The Sea and Dutch Autonomy.
a. The sea an alley, by opening
the dykes; the Dutch Priva
teers. VI. Dutch Exploration
a. Search for N. E. passage.
b. Linschoten; passage by Cape
Good Hope; passage by Cape
Horn.
VII. Decline of Maritime Power
a. Causes: English and Dutch
commercial jealousy; lack of
military training and martial
spirit-the Dutch better
merchants than fighters.
Allied strength of her ene
mies; death of DeRuyter.
b. History: Brilliant naval bat
tles; Commanders Van
Tromp, Monk, De R-iyter;
battles of Lowestoft, in the
Straits of Dover, Texal;
Dutch tactics; the peace of
Breda demands of England;
alliance between Holland,
Spain and Germany; loss of
colonies in America, Guiana
and Africa; after the peace
of Utrecht Holland ceased to
be numbered among the great
powers of Europe.
VIII. Conclusion The sea raised
Holland, a country weak and with other
natural defensa or resources to wealth
and power. The herring fisheries sup
ported one fifth of the population and
earned 8,000.000 francs annually, the
factories employed 600,000 workmen, and
Dutch ships transported the product to
the markets of the world. Her mer
chant fleet numbered 10,600 sails and
168,000 seamen. She had possession of
the larger part of the European carry
ing trade. Norway, Denmark, Sweden
and Poland were inexhaustible markets
for the produce Holland brought from
the south.
Editoe Codbieb:
I enclose the tentative program of the
biennial. I thought you might like to
publish it. Yours truly,
Ellen M. Henbotin.
Program at Denver Biennial, General
Federation of Women's Clubs:
Monday evening, June 20, at 8 o'clock,
board meeting.
Tuesday morning, June 21, at 11
o'clock, council meeting.
Tuesday afternoon, 2 to 330. Confer
ence of state presidents, in Brown Palace
hotel, Mrs. Henrotin, chairman. Con
ference of state chairmen of correspond
ence, in Denver club house, Mrs. Breed,
chairman. Joint conference of the above
330 to 5, in Denver club house, Mrs.
Henrotin, chairman.
Topics for discussion:
1. The Relation of General and State
Federations.
2. The Co ordination of Educational
Forces
3. The Income of General and State
Federations.
Tuesday evening at 8. Social meet
ing of the Board and Council.
Wednesday morning at 10, in the
theatre, Mrs. Henrotin, chairman. Ad
dressed of welcome by the governor of
Colorado; the mayor of Denver; Mrs. E.
M. Ashley, for the state; Mis. S. S.
Piatt, for the Woman's club of Denver.
Re'ponse by Mrs. Henrotin.,
Report of recording secretary.
Report of corresponding secretary.
Report of treasurer.
Report of auditor.
Reports of committees.
Wednesday afternoon, 230 to 5, in
Denver Woman's club. The Home.
Wednesday afternoon, 230 to 5, in
Broadway theatre. Phases of Economic
Work in clubs.
Wednesday evening at 8. Education.
Mhs Annie Laws, chairman. Four ad
dresses. Music.
Thursday morning, 9:30 to 12:30. Civic
Clubs and Village Improvement Asso
ciations. Mrs. Cornelius StevenEon,
chairman,
Thursday afternoon, 230 to 4, in
Broadway theatre. The Library Move
ment in the United States.
Thursday afternoon, 230 to 4, in the
Denver Woman's club, Mrs. Henrotin,
chairman. The Press.
Thursday afterncon, 4 to 6, receptions
in private homes.
Thursday evening at 8, in Broadway
theatre, Mrs. C. P. Barnes, chairman.
Uncut Leaves. Music
Friday morning, 930 to 1230, in
Broadway theatre, I iss Margarot J.
Evans, chairman. Educational confer
ence. Friday afternoon, 2:30 to 5, in theatre.
The Industrial Problem as It Affects
Women and Children.
3 to 5 p. m. Conference of Art Clubs.
Friday evening at 8, in theatre, Mrs.
Alice Ives Breed, chairman. Art and
Utility.
Saturday morning and afternoon,
excursion.
Saturday evening at 8, in theatre, Mrs.
Philip N. Moore, chairman . Folk Songs
of America.
Sunday morning. Pulpits of the city
churches occupies by women appointed
by the Biennial committee.
Sunday afternoon at 3. Children's
meeting. Two addresses and music by
the children.
Sunday afternoon, 430 to 6. In one
of the churches, Vesper service.
Sundayevening at 8, in theatre, Mrs.
E. Longstretb. chairman. Three ad
dresses on "The Spiritual Significance
of Organization," and National Songs.
Monday morning at 930, in theatre,
Mrs. Henrotin, chairman. Report of
nominating committee; election; new
business.
Monday afternoon, 230 to 5, in Denver
Woman's club, Mrs. Cyrus E. Perkins
chairman. Informal conference on club
methods.
Monday afternoon, 3 to 5, in theatre.
Conference of Literary clubs in three
departments: Literature, Travel and
History Classes, and Current Events.
Monday evening at 8, in theatre. Ad
drees by Mrs. Henrotin; introduction of
new officers; resolutions; social meeting.
Officers of the General Federation.
President, Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin,
319 East Superior street, Chicago.
Vice-president, Mrs. Alice Ives Breed,
Deer Cove, Lynn, Mass.
Recording secretary, Mrs. C. P.
Barnes, 1026 Third avenue, Louis
ville, Ky.
Corresponding secretary, Mrs. Philip
N.Moore, 1520 Mississippi avenue, St.
Louis.
Treasurer, Mrs. Frank Trumbull, 1439
Franklin street, Denver, Col.
Auditor, Miss Annie Laws, 818 Dayton
street, Cincinnati, O.
The Shakspere department enter
tained the Woman's club of University
Place Saturday afternoon, February 26.
Each lady belonging to thn department
responded to roll call by quotations
from King Lear and wore the club
badge and flower. After the opening
exercises the regular literary work was
taken up, the superintendent of the
Shakespere department being in the
chair. Mrs. Alabaster read a history of
Shakspere, after which Miss Love, as
sisted by Miss Knapp, gave a scene from
The Merchant of Venice. This was
thoroughly enjoyed by all and the young
ladies "did act exceeding well. Mrs.
Lowe gave a review of King Lear which
was very interesting to all and particu
larly so to the members of the Shaks
pere department. She dwelt upon the
comparison of the characters showing
the part each had to perform to accom
plish the perftction of the work. The
Shakspere department has been doing
excellent work and will soon begin the
study of Sophocles Antigone in connec
tion with King Lear.
Mrs. Charles G.Woods of York de
lighted the ladies with the musical
numbers of the program. Mrs. Woods
has a charming voice and sang most
sweetly. In response to an enthusiastic
recall Mrs. Woods artistically played
Spanish Fandango. Her vocal numbers
were: Dreams, Strelezki; The Birds
That Have Been Singing About You,
Schleiffartb; A Question, Lynes. The
Woman's club will meet in two weeks
with Mrs. Love, when the physical cul
ture department will have charge of the
program.
The following from the Denver Times,
mentions a lady who used to reside in
Lincoln:
"The home department of the Wo
man's club gave an unique and interest
ing entertainment Marchj 4th at Unity
church. The entertainment was entitled
"The American Woman, of Yesterday
and Today," and it was arranged and
carried out by Mrs. T. W. Crisaey. After
a selection by Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. Rob
ert Coleman read a paper on "Puritan
Women." It web illustrated by Mrs.
Geo.P Stcfleas "Priscilla," and arise
Daly as "Pocahontas."
Tne next paper by Mrs. C. N. Whit
man, told of the colonial women, and the
tableaux were "Margaret Winthrop" by
Mrs. Levering, "Ann Hutchinson" by
Mrs. Jae. Downing, "The Minuet Lady"
by Mrs. J. D. Whittemore, who wore a
blue and silver brocade worn by her
grandmother at the inauguration ball of
President Buchanan. Mrs. L. E. Higby
mad a an interesting "Puritan Grand
mother." i
Mrs. Helm's paper, "Women of the
Revolution," was illustrated by Miss
Josephine Gregg as "Sarah Grimes," a
bell with whom Washington once danced;
Mrs. Guilford S. Wood represented Mar-
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