V i
r ..... -
v v
m -
U. S. Ships Did
1 Miich to Brinsr
War to an End
lfrmani and All if Surprised
i - at Grt Expamiort in
' Shipping Made
. Up lo 1918.
By A. D. LASKER.
ABTH I B 1.
"hips, more ships, and agon
Binre ships."
"A bridge of ships to Europe,"
m "Build ships md win the war.
These are familiar cries that will
remain indelible in the mind of all
Jiving American, reminiscent of one
Vf cur major ar program. yd
Reeded as one of the main factor
i Jht contributed to the ending of the
Avar in the fall of 1918,
J, There can be no doubt that'the
Imperial German government ai
surprised a were not only our
tallies but we ourselves at the great
'Strides we made in the expansion of
'our ship-building facilities between
the movement of onr entrv into the
war and the sutnmer of 1918.
Prime Factor in Ending War.
. True, hardly any of the government-built
ships found their way into
commerce until after the conclusion
' vt me nai, uwfc (lie HiivnKUKC vu
,the part of Great Britain and our
. other allies that renewals and re
placements were, so soon to come
,1rom American yards led them, in
Vpite of Germany's submarine war
. 'Use, to a profligate use of their own
,itonnage; tor they knew that, while
Germany was destroying their bot-
toms in increasing ratio during the
'spring and summer of 1918, by the
Jail of that year American ship in
an unending; stream would be ready
,o transport cargoes. , Thus poten
Miatly, the hastily government-built
'fleet was a prime factor in the ending
xf Jjie war, even before it was ready
lor use.
'S For 10 years prior to 1914 our total
'annual production of ships in Amer-K-an
yards averaged 466.000 dwt.
.tons. In the period of 1914 to 1917.
because of orders for shipr placed
; ivith us by the allies, our average an
iiu?4 output had increased to 700,000
Vt- tons. A
Vutput of American Yards.
r In April of 1917 the shipping
.board. began i.ts plans for the build
l ing of the present government-owned
' fleet, and the increase in American
production of tonnage is best shown
; in the following table of the output
' of our yards for the last six months
' of 1918 and the first six months of
I 1919:
- YeeaeU Complete and DtlYrd.
19l Dwt 11S Dwt.
lulr :...... tai.SS January ... 1SS.S5
Hiuuit 830.0451 February .. S3S.05O
September
Dctober ...
Vovember .
December .
3&7.100 March 535,875
S96.22SI Aprtl ...... S4S.J40
S48.860 May 770.S50
;3.400f June sos.ios
i 1.S6S.S25I
S.69S.77S
- ' .... Total, 4.553,!S
t How did "we accomplish this
miracle of production? First, let it
be said, to the unending glory of the
stunt, nf our nation, that we nave un-
Stinted" of our. treasure and of out
;. nien 'to the-building ' of the much
I needed merchant marine fleet so es-
' sentially needed for the winning of
I the "waf. Had we had in pre-war
J days the vision of what such a fleet
would have meant to us in war. we
" never would have had to make this
ereat sacrifice of treasure and time,
a for we would in large part have pos-
. sessed the ships ready lor peace or
1 war time needs.
Disregarded Peace Time Value.
But neither the sacrifice of money
?or the time of men could have re
t suited in the creation of so vast a
fleet, in so short a time ha,d we net
been willing to itterly disregard one
prime , factor in the manufacture of
liips to wit: the peace-time value
' of the ships we created.
'im By this I mean that our whole ef
fort was directed and for war pur
poses, properly to the creation of
ahe maximum tonnage in the shortest
JsSime anything that could, carry men
and goods, regardless of cost of con
i struction and operation. This, while
4 exactly right . for war's pressing
necessities, left us at the conclusion
; of our building profaam with a. vast
tonnage unfitted in large m'easore for
3 peace time needs; because for peace
j needs tonnage must be measured by
two factors economy of operation
and fitness for t varying trades and
purposes.
"i Fleet Sadly Balanced.
Our war built fleet could obvious-
ly take neither factor into considera-
tion. in fact, to get the maximum
? tonnage we created the fabricated
ship, which meant practically all
j ships of a type. This, while resulting
, in the production of ships as if by
; magic, had the grave disadvantage
J of creating the most sadly balanced
merchant fleet the world ever knew.
" That the reader may better under-
stand "balance,"" let me liken ships to
I railroad equipment, with which all
; are familiar. A railroad, to operate
successfully, must have flat cys,
, must have inclosed freight cars to
; take regular freight, and larger cars
; to 'carry automobiles and the like. It
" must have special cars to carry coal,
' and still other cars fitted for express
purposes. It must have refrigerator
; cars capable of taking. care of varying
"J types of commodities. It must have,
i for passenger traffic day coaches and
parlor cars, Pullman sleepers and din-
ing cars, passenger equipment fitted
for the lower priced tourist trade and
; passenger equipment of a higher type
for the Twentieth Century express.
' Without all these types of cars in
proper proportion no railroad could
be properly managed. '
1 Equipment Must-Be Complete.
The same sense of balance and
, equipment must obviously exist in a
merchant fleet To compare the
ships which the goverment owns to
' railroad equipment," we might say
j that the 1,430 steel ships nnder the
shipping board consist largely of that
I type comparable to the regulation
! freight car. with practically none of
the especial equipment needed, such
as railroads have for furniture car-
riage, automobile carriage, express
..gjlervice and refrigerator semice. '
Again, to liken our ships to freight
-cars, too many are of wrong sizes for
practical technical operation. We are
, still -sadly deficient in passenger
ships, which we can. liken to Pull-
.. S
-.- Nowhere
By RUBY M. AYRES.
i,ri,to. tttt,
" ie 4i4 t4 nat Ham Mr 4r?
CHll ( ika akt tut kef '
It vs such a UtSv littlt hat.
The beieteroui Mrth wind tote it
playfully from'th fair head of a girl
who talked aimlessly along the
pavement, dodging pedettruin with
demon-like skill.
It wis a chill gray evening; in the
afternoon a sharp cold shower had
lain the whirling dust, and refreshed
the drooping head of the daffodils
in the park; but now the boisterous
wind had chased the rain cloud
away, and wa racing up and down
the trect whistling triumphantly,
weeping everything before it.
Nobody attempted to check the
flight of the thabby little hit.
Had it belonged to a smart Udy.
or to one of the many well-dressed
men who passed and repied, doubt
lest many eager hand would have
been mttitretchrd to top it; but it
merely belonged to a slim girl, who
after a faint cry of dismay started
to run in pursuit of her property.
There were many person about;
London wa waking up for it even-
It Wat the Picture of a Child, a
Baby Boy Sitting on a Grassy Mound
ing amusements; the gathering dark
ness was the signal for fresh enjoy
ment, further gayeties.
A green-painted motor car glided
silently up to the entrance of a
gaily-lit restaurant, and ' came to
throbbing standstill at the curb.
' uniformed commissionaire hur
ried forward and 'flung open the
door, a tall man in evening dress
stepped out on to the path.
I he shabby hat dodged the com
missionaire, and shaved past the
tall man. , He was a young man
with eyes that twinkled behind an
absurd eyeglass; with a sudden
impulse he put out his foot, and
-Mhumpl the career of the hat was
ended foreverl
Just then the eirl hurried ud. her
fair hair, ruffled by the wind.
blowing untidily about "her face.
The tall man removed his patent
shod foot, stooped, 1 and picked up
the object he had checked in its
headlong flight; he looked at it
ruefully as he held it in his hand.
Then he looked at the girl.
"I I'm afraid I haven't done it
much good," he said with a comical
glance. -
"O!" said the girl. She took, the
battered, shape from his hand and
tried to straighten.it out the com
missionaire looked on with superci
lious superiority.
The tall man saw the droop of
the girls lips the look of blank
dismay that crossed her face, and
impulsively he thrust a hand into
his pocket. '
"Please allow, me to pay for my
stupidity; it was all my fault if I
had not put my foot on ft I ain sure
some one else would have stopped
it quite safely please allow me to "
she interrupted him with a gesture,
the color flaming into her checks.
"I am not a beggar," she said.
For a moment they looked into
each other's eyes the man as red
now as she, for he had -never met
wjth such a rebuff in the whole of
his life.' His eyes flashed angrily.
The girl laughed a little con
temptuous laugh,, then she turned
and walked away, carrying the bat
tered hat in her hand, the wind blow
ing through the loose waves of ber
hair.
The tall man stook looking after
her with an odd .expression- of
chagrin on his face; once he made
a movement as if he would have
followed; then he shrugged his
shoulders, gave the commissionaire
half a crown, and went on through
the wide door of. the restaurant.
The girl walked on down the street
with hot cheeks. ;-
People stared at her curiously; two
overdressed women looked at her
and sneered. A man eyed her uncov
ered masses of " hair with open ad
miration; but she was unconscious of
her surroundings she walked almost
mechanically.
Presently she came to a large pic
ture shop; several people were gaz
ing interestedly at the goods in the
window. '. .
The girl stopped next to a young
couple, who arm-in-arm, were talk
ing in -whispers about a gilt-framed
hung with purple velvet .
It was the picture of a child; a
baby boy sitting on the grassy
brow of a cliff in the sunshine, his
blue eyes turned skywards, chubby
hands stretched upwards, and under
neath the picture were written two
lines
"Where did you come from, baby
dear?
Out of the nowhere into here
The girl with the fair hair looked
picture that stood alone on as easel
man cars, parlor cars and day coach
es. These passenger ships, as will
later develop, are the very founda
tion of a merchant marine for war
and peace time needs. .
It was because we were willing to
sacrifice balance to quantity produc
tion, which was essential for the im
mediate needs of the world war, that
we find . ourselves with this utterly
unbalanced fleet, the disposition of
which is one of the great problems
confronting the American people.
In the next article we will cover
the diversion of the war built fleet to
peace time needs.
Tlw Be win wiil the foarth article
that aerie Imeeim.
Read The Bee etc the way
through. You will find it interest
ing.' - .'
at the beauty of the innocent child
face with wistful eyt; the corner
of her delicate mouth quivered, the
thin tingr holding the battered hat
tre,nbled.
For a long time h flood there;
she looked at na cher picture; but
her eye seemed to devour the
happy smiling face of the pictured
boy the round chubby limb, the
golden hair.
The grey evening had darkened;
large raindrop began to fall again:
the shivered in her thin coat, and
turning, almoat reluctantly, she
walked on.
"Where did you coma from, baby
dear? ,
Out of the- nowhere into hert."
The word haunted her, they beat
time to tlow steps a the walked.
The rain came down faster
person hurried by with umbrella;
commissionaire whittled shrilly
tor taxi and hansom.
Outside one of the theater
long line of peront were lined up
at the pit and gallery doors; by
the yellow light of a street lamp the
girl drew a thabbv purse from her
jacKti ana counted me lew coin u
contained a few shillings and some
copper,
For a moment she tood irreso
lute, then she joined the long line of
people outside the gallery door; she
could ill afford the shilling admit
tance, but it was raining fast now,
and what use was it to go back to
the dismal place she knew for home.
she bent the battered hat into
some sort of shape' and Dinned it to
her thick fair hair it looked old, al
most grotesque.
Two girls close to her, who looked
like city typists, nudged each other,
looked at her and giggled; the girl
flushed painfully, and turned away.
biting her hp.
A man leaning against the wall
reading a .paper noticed the little in
cident, noticed too, the delicate pret-
tmess of. the girl in the shabby hat;
he stood up, holding his umbrella
so that it -sheltered her from the
driving rain. ,
He was a very ordinary, looking
young man; he wore a suit that had
seen its best days, and a cheap tie;
but he had kind eyes.
The girl looked round. - and
thanked him shyly. ' . i ";
"We have not lonsr to wait now."
he sard.
"No" she looked awav from
him, watching the passing traffic-
A blind man, led bv a pinched.
white-faced .. lad ' passed up and
down tne ituc, - soliciting alms: a
woman with a guitar and a shrill,
unlovely voice was singing a popu
lar ballad. She wore a large hat
with huge feathers that waved and
jerked grotesquely above her head
in the rough wind, like the plumes
of a funeral horse. She sanj? on
with mechanical expressionless
ness, her dull eyes staring before
her.
A white-faced girl wrapped in a
thin shawl, with a solemn-eyed
child clinging to her skirts, stood
on the curb, selling violets.
She looked ill and miserable; she
coughed from time to' time hollow
ly. The child sucked a thumb, and
eyed the crowd with grave blue
eyes the girl with the fair hair
looked at him wistfully.
He .-was ; about 3 years old a
sturdy little fellow and scrupulously
clean in spite of his ragged clothes.
Beneath the torn brim of an absurd
hat. his brown -curls peeped saucily.
The girl fumbled for her purse.
"She is worse off than I am," she
thought, a she took out one of the
few pennies. "Worse off except that
she has the boy.",
: She stepped out of the shelter into
the rain and gave the, woman a
penny; the young man, who had held
the umbrella over her, followed al
most bashfully and gave the woman
twopence. He blushed as the girl in
the shabbv hat thanked him.
- "Jolly little boy with her,"" he said
awkwardly. :
. "Yes." The girl sighed as she
spoke. He noticed how wishfully
she looked at the child. j
The rain had stopDed. He closed!
the umbrella and glanced; at. his
watch it was quite a cheap watch,
and he wore it . on a strap.
"We shall soon be going in now,"
he said cheerfully.
. The main door -of the theater was
close to the gallery entrance. Car
riages -were driving up. private mo
tor cars carrying beautifully dressed
women, and men with diamonds in
their shirt fronts.
The girl watched them enviously.
She wondered how she would look
were, she dressed in a silken cloak,
with white satin shoes, and pearls in
her hair, like a slim -girl who had
just stepped out on the red carpet
strip oiat led across tlie pavement
She looked, and lost herself in
dreaming.
- A sudden shout aroused her; he
turned her head sharply as a shrill
scream rang out through the windy
night, and the sharp grinding noise
of a car brought to a sudden stand
still. Several persons ran from their
places in the line. Others, more
callous, looked on without moving.
"Oh, what is it what is it?" asked
tbe girl fearfully.
The young man answered her, -"I
don't quite know somebody
run over, I am 'afraid. I think it
was that green motor car, and
oh, it was the violet woman with
the little boy." He darted forward
to the crowd that had already gath
ered. The girl followed him her
heart beating fast, her eyes wide in
her pale face.
(Cvatlaae la The Br Toierrew.)
THE BEE: OMAHA,
Savages Learned
How to Wireless
South American Natives Uted
Hollow Log to Communicate
With One AnotKcr.
By JOHN E. KENNEBECK.
(Twta la ! fire laelaliaeewt f The
Bee' alary at raale.)
The radiphone i but the last
chapter in the evolution of inter
communication, according to Ray'
mond Francis Yates, one of the fore
most radio experts of the country.
With the evolution of man came
.the evolution of language.'he state
in an interesting article on Com
munication. Ancient, and Modern.
At men ' multiplied and roving
tribe came into being necessity grew
for communication over long dis
tances, j'robahly the uncivilized
tribesmen did find- some method of
"tatknis over considerable distance
A traveler returning from the wild
of J-outh America tells how the na
tive along the Amazon were apprised
of his coming several hour before he
reached the various villages, tie dis
covered that a novel meant of re
laying this information was used.
The receiving and transmitting sta
tion were simply hollow logs. One
end of the log was placed in the
water and the other end beaten with
a club. The vibrations that were set
up in the log were imparted to the
water, and, since water is a good
conductor of sound, they were car
ried up and down the river for a dis
tance of several miles. The receiving
was done with a similar log used as
a resonator. The "operator" held hi
ear to one end of a log with the
other end in the water. In this way
the delicate vibrations transmitted
through the water became audible.
The natives used a code to talk to
each other.
Fire Signals.
The wireless system used by the
American Indians were fires or arm
signals from hilltop to hilltop. They
used also another system that was
equally ingenious. By beating ur)on
tne grouna in a certain msinuu uj
were able to set ud vibrations that
could be detected by trained ears
over considerable distance..
The ancient Greeks and Romans
devised a method of signaling with
fires. Pots filled with straw and oil
were used. Bv arranging these m
certain order and lighting them ac
cording to a prearranged system,
characters could be expressed over
distances that were of necessity
limited by sight.
Messages by Water Power.
A wise Grecian army commander
named Aeneas invented a telegraph
system that marks him as an early
Marconi. The apparatus he developed
consisted of two large earthen pots
for receiving and transmitting sta
tions. Each pot was provided with
valve or spigot and a wooden
float The float carried a stick ar
ranged in an upright position, a;id
this was marked oft in division
Each dvision marked a certain sen
tence. When communication was
started the pots were filled with
water. Then the distant sender
lighted a torch. - At this moment.
the receiving operator was all atten
tion.1 When he saw the distant
torch go out, he immediately opened
thes pigot at the bottom of the pot.
allowing the water to run out. The
man at' the sending station did the
same. As the water ran out of the
pots, the floats and the "message
sticks" were carried downward.
When the division that represented
the message that was to be trans
mitted reached a position in line
with the top of the pot, the distant
sender again exposed his torch and
the receiver responded by closing the'
spigot, tie tnen read the message
from the stick.-
Then the Telegraph.
History does not tell us how marfv
disasters befell Greek armies through
a leaky spigot. "
Then came semaphore '.signaling
that W'as used to a ereat advantaee
in trance during the revolution.
Can you mix
a good salad?
Your skill in salad mak
ing is seemingly en
hanced if you use Heinz
Vinegar. At any rate,
the salad is improved
by its mellow flavor ;
its delicate aroma.
Heinz Olive Oil,
pressed by Heinz in
Seville, Spain; plays a
big part in the salad's
perfection.- .
HEINZ
PURE VINEG ARS
a II -Wm
faK M m m m
Tl'ESDAY. JUNE 6. 1922.
A system of lighted lamp wi
ued in medieval timet in Scotland
to intercommunicate with one an
other, history relatet. In our mod
em day came Samuel F. B. lorte,
who invented the telegraph, and
Alexander Graham Bell with the tele
phone. Then Marconi with hi wire
let telegraph startled the world.
And now the world i again taken
up with a new scientific rage the
wirelet telephone.
BMTgess-NasIhi Company
For Outings
$1
Felta Ribbon Hats
Organdie Hats Crepe Hats
Taffeta Hats Gingham Hats
White and Summer Shades
Extra Size
Blouses
For one day only we make this
special offering. Lace or em
broidery trimmed blouses tbat
are cut on full, generous lines
for those wbo require a size
from 48 to 64, are priced at
98e. Tuesday only.
Buraeee-Xaah Dewaatairi Store
Domestics
Imported Ginghams
32-inch checks and plaids.
Yard 59c
Figured Voiles
38-inch dark colored voiles.
Yard 39c
Irish Poplin
36-lnch width, many colors.
Yard 75c ,
Luncheon Napkins
13xl3-in., scalloped edge. A
good quality at this low price.
6 for $1.00
Bed Spreads
Large size spresCd with
hemmed edge. Heavy quality,
crochet weave, low priced.
Each $1.95
Huck Towels
18x35-inch, damask border.
Each, 18c
Bleached Muslin
Heavy quality 36-inch width.
Yard 13c
Bnrreu-Nnah Doarautairs Store
Women's White Canvas
Pumps and Oxfords
Very Special
Pair $2.98
Warmer days and summer dresses bring the need of white
footwear. These low shoes 'are a very special offering
pump and oxford styles of white canvas with hand-turned
soles, only $2.98.
- One-strap style with rubber heels.
-? Two-strap styles with covered heels. !
Oxfords in wide of narrow toe last.
All sizes and widths are included in these styles.
Tha -how" and "why of thi
novel gamt will be taken up In a
special article) tomorrow.
SPARKS
An agreement wtth the Radio Cor
poration of America and the Swedish
state telrpgraph board will bring
about the erection of a large tution
in Sweden with in ea.y trautatUntir
range. Sweden' wirelet .omnium,
cation now are diputched from the
great station at Stravangjer, Norway.
Work on the new ttaiion will be
begun at once.
Radio broadtating a an aid to the
distemination of the gospel of Christ
A Special
Traveling Autoing Street Wear
" m
a& $(9195 $
For Women, Misses1
Children
Burg-Nath Downstair Store
An Unusual Value
Knicker Suits
' V
And what could be more conven
ient or practical for summer
camping or hiking than a suit
composed of overblouse and knick
ers of fine quality Picnic linen?
- The middy Is made with white
collar, cuffs and pocket flaps,
- and with white patent leather
belt; the double seamed pock
eted knickers are made with
elastic waist and buttoned
cuff at knee. Values at $3.95.
Burte-NaU Downstair Store
A Timely
200 Voile
$1 49
Cool dresses for hot summer days
at only $1.49. They are made of
light and medium darkvoiles in
small all-over patterns of
.Pink Blue Tan
Copen Lavender
Collars, cuffs, and sometimes a
vestee of white organdie trim
these dresses. All are made with
sashes of self material,
L Siia16to42
Surf fu-Naih Downstairo Store
: Buy Your
it row being considered by mission
ary bodies. By iieint oi a (ingle
transmuting station on missionary
would be able to reach remote ec
lions of hi field frequently and gvt
encouragement to jume converts.
I'toinineiil missionary worker are
watching the development of the radio
art in the expectation that the time
it not far off when it will be prac
tical for their work in distant lauds.
The following conclude (he list of
licensed broadcasting station in this
country a listed by the government:
fell. l-aretien.
WS.y Wlchlla, kaa Oeratfia tarn-
WK Wemrhia, Ten, . Rirkm.
Cracky remraev.
WAAM S.nnk. S. J. I. K. Keleeav
Event in
Sale of
Dresses
Baby Dresses : Creepers
Each 49c
A "lied Arrow Booth" offering of exceptional merit.
dolkHeTbhadieSSeS TP Pdce,! at less tha half a
dr7l,,L a irTf ma.de of dain white materials and
Mlorl 111,1 g00d assoitent of
Sizes 6 months to 2 years. t
No C.0.D.i. No Mail Orders.
No Befnnda. No Delimit.
BarS-ree-Kaih M Arrow Death DeeraataJri Stat
Straw Hat
WM Alktar. M T fheatlaf Bee.e
tleHfeitea rant?
KvtJ ... ret a 'Jaa)ia ltM
feaet aaanaear'.
6,000,000 Population of
Botton in 1970, Prophe.f
Boston, June S. Boton will be a
city of 6.000,000 population in 1970.
according to V. J, McDonald, a real
fetate nun, who be hit figure on
the growth and expansion of the city
in the pttt, At present the city
proper ha a population of about
748,000, hut reatoning that the sub
urbs which are closely attached to
Boston will ultimately join it, Mc
Donald believe more than 30 cities
and town will be incorporated.
Sports Wear
95
Tarns Sailor Hats
Leghorns Milans
Combinations of
Straw and Fabrics
Tiny Tots'
Dresses
Made of fine quality pique and
embroidered around tha neck
in dainty pink or blue designs,
A very - practical little dress
that will stand the frequent
tubbings necessary to kiddles'
white dresses.. Sizes J to 6
years. Tuesday. 98c.
Burg-tea-Xah Dow tialain Stan
Silk Poplin ...
Yard, 89c
36-lnch silk warp poplin In
plain and Jacquard patterns of
Black White Brown
and Sport Shades
. A splendid wearing quality
that is desirable for dresses,
blouses, skirts and sports suits.
Bnrtma-Xaali Pewnataira Btara -
Men's Needs!
Men's Work Shirts
Bli'e'chambray shirts, cut full
and roomy, 3 to .a Q
customer, each ........
Men's Khaki Pants
Also "Koolcloth" In light and
daTk stripes. Hade Si 88
cuff style, pair .". "A
Barea-Xaeh Cowmtaire Stare
Wash Suits
Each, $1.00
They are made of percales in
combination style. Some are
plain colors In white or blue,
others are stripe patterns
and are only $1.00. Sizes 2
to 8.
Bnrreaa-Xaah Doamefira Star
Now!