Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, October 04, 1920, Page 3, Image 3

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

    THE BEE: OMAHA. MONDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1920.
Healing Power
Of Mrs. Etter Is
Avowed by Many
Huudrcds Flock to Tent Meet
ing in Hope of Being
Cured Rev. Mr. Sav
idge Testifies.
-Many people, afflicted with vari
ous maladies, testified'to the healintr
power of Evangelist Mrs. M. L).
Woodworth-Etter Saturday after
noon at the "divine" healing meet
ing being conducted by Mrs. Etter
at Twenty-second and Paul streets.
The afternoon and evening sessions
were better attended than those on
Thursday and Friday.
The large tent, packed from end
to end, reverberated with murmurs
of "Glory to God: let us pray;
thanks be to God for what he has
done for me."
A choir of 30 male and female
voices started the ceremonies. After
t a few hymns wore sung, books were
passed among the people who came
to seek spiritual and temporal
strength.
After the singing, Mrs. Etter
made a few remarks as to the futil
ity of her efforts if those seeking
'healing" did not dismiss all doubt
from their minds and have faith in
God's miraculous power. x
Many Want Aid.
When questions were asked as to
how many wanted the Lord God to
heal their body, hundreds rose to
their feet and others raised their
hands. At this juncture the entire
audience fell on bended knees and
ptaved.
"Get a shock from heaven," was
Airs. Etter's way of expressing her
self when she exhorted her follow
ers to get on their knees and pray
for faith in God.
Standing on her tip toes, with both
arms outstretched to heaven and
ryes gazing upward, she asked the
blessing of grace and confidence
upon those who sought relief. "Un
load your souls with the rubbish of
this world," she exhorted; "take
.time to think of God in heaven;
make Him a part of your business.
I do not profess to be supernatural
or to be able to lay hands upon any
one and cure them. It is your faith
in God, God's almighty goodness
that cures you."
Invited to Testify.
After .Mrs. Etter's sermon, the
audience was invited to tell of their
shortcomings and testify as to the
"great things the Lord had done for
them."
An old lady who appeared to be
50 years old was the first on het
leet. "Early in my life I suffered
from a rupture and floating kid
neys," she said. "Doctors pro
nounced me incurable I attended
a meeting such as this in Sioux City
live years ago where I learned that
God was my only hope. I placed my
faith in him. I am here now w'th
my little boy, who was blind in one
eye, who now ler.ps for joy with his
r.vesight gradually coming back." J
, Rev. Mr. Savidge then took the
-tand. "I joined the church and was
.i seeker after complete rest for 20
vcars," he exph-'ned, "I can truth
fully say that in the course of my
vtforts in this behalf I never had a
meeting inspire me to work harder
m my chosen calling. I am thank
ful more and more that I took up the
vork of God."
The meeting will continue Sundr.y
nnd close Monday night.
Deep Sea Fish Caught
In Two Feet of Water
Westerly, R. I., Oct. 3. Sword
fishing in Brightman's Fond may
seem peculiar, but these deep sea
fish are actually caught there in two
feet of water, not by the spear and
the barrel method as practiced off
the Atlantic coast, but with a gauze
seine by local fishermen seining for
mummy-chaugs to be used as bait
for bass fishing.
They netted a dozen or more
bmal1 swordfish, identical in forma
tion and appearance with the deep
water food fish that average seven
feet in length and weish 250 pounds
j ml more. , ,
Those seined in Bnghtman s Pond
arc from six to eight inches long and
in circumference about the size of
a large fountain pen.
Shakespeare's Initial , .
Found in Stonework
London, Oct. 3. Lovers of Shake
speare are jubilant over the discov
ery of the famous bard's autograph
on the stonework of a window re
cess in the famous Haunted Gallery
at Hampton Court, one of the an
' cient royal palaces of England,
where Shakespeare at one time per
formed in his own plays.
Some time age one or two faint
illegible letters were noticed in the
recess, and last week it was decWed
to clean up the plaster, with the re
sult that Shakespearean experts have
been fired with renewed enthusiasm,
for the name disclosed was that of
the world's greatest poet.
Break Your Neck But
Don't Go to Movie Houses
London, Oct. 3. "My general im
pression is not a hostility to tin?
cinema, but rather that it is a terri
ble waste of time," writes G. K.
Chesterton, the famous British -writ-r,
to the Socictv for the Protection
Ancient Buildngs.
"Tr i terrible to thiuk of a little
boy wasting tim.? in a cinema theater
. when he might be engaged in really
climbing trees, and possibly really
falling off, and possibly breaking his
-n neck.
It is better that he should take
e chance of his own destiny, and
nfrt merely follow the shadow of it
cn the pictures."
Movie Houses in Frisco
Open Until 4 in Morning
San Francisco. Oct. 3. After the
dances are over in San Francisco
and the wee sma' hours of the
morning roll in, local movie fans
may hie themselves to their favorite
screen palaces and watch their fa
vorite stars until 4 o'clock in the
morning. '.
This is because the public weuarc
,-.nd censorship committee of the
board of supervisors is having the
urdinance amended so that screen
houses may be kept running until
the early hour, at the request of the
local patroa.
Pcu
- By EARL M. WHITNEY.
Back-lot poultry raising is gaining
widespread popularity, particularly
at this time when people are begin
ning lo realize the great need for
adopting every means possible to ef
fect a reduction in living costs. It
is known that eggs were put into
storage at higher prices than usual
and that there is a shortage this
year over last in the four principal
cold storage markets of the country
Boston, New York, Philadelphia
and Chicago amounting to some
thing like 700,000 cases of eggs. This
fact points to unusually high prices
for eggs this fall and winter. As a
result many people have already de
termined to produce their own eggs,
and thousands upon thousands more
will join in the army of producers
:i the facts became more generally
known.
Lower Feed Costs.
The downward trend of the grain
market seems to indicate an early
drop in feed prices and, while this
will probably have no effect on the
price of eggs to be sold out of stor
age, it will at least enable poultry
raisers to produce eggs this fall
and winter at a feeding cost lower
than heretofore. The owner of a
small flock of hens also has the ad
vantage of reduced feed costs
through utilizing table scraps.
It will be the purpose of these ar
ticles, not only to interest people in
poultry culture both from the rancy
and utility standpoint,, but to dis
pense information from week to
week that has to do with the care
and attention to be given fowls at
the particular time in which the ar
ticle appears.
Questions Answered.
By making a scrap book of these
articles, the reader will, at the end
of 52 weeks, have a fair synopsis of
all the important fundamentals
necessary to success with hens.
While limited space will prevent
much of detail that is interesting, the
writer will always keep in mind that
absolute essentials should be dis
cussed first. Where further en
lightenment on the subject in hand is
desired, the reader is at liberty to
address this paper for the informa
tion. A self-addressed stamped en
velope should be inclosed with the
inquiry. Where questions are of
general interest, the answers will be
published. '
Great progress is being made in
standard-bred poultry raising. New
developments are taking place- al
most constantly and so rapidly are
improvements being made that many
of the best methods of today may in
a short time be supplanted by other
methods still better. My articles will
deviate from the regular subjects un
der discussion from time to time as
new developments occur, so that
readers of this department may be
fully informed of recent happenings
in the industry new inventionsland
the results of experiments that will
help in any way toward great ef
ficiency. Three Big Essentials.
There are three big essentials to
success in poultry raising, each in
terwoven with the other, for without
any one of the trim the poultry ven
ture is doomed to failure. The first
essential is good stock, meaning not
only strong, vigorous, healthy birds
but also that they be standard-bred
and not of mongrel type.
The second big essential is proper
housing. Without the right housing
conditions, the best f stock would
amount to little or nothing. The
poultry house must be as near like
a human habitation as possible inso
far as cleanliness, ventilation and
freedom from dampness goes.
The third big essential is correct
feeding. Good stock, properly
housed, is of no avail if neglect of
correct feeding methods is shovyn.
There are a number of good feeding
methods, and while they are not all
alike the underlying scientific prin
ciple is the same. I advocate the
use of a reliable manufactured feed
for the back-lot poultry raiser in
particular, as in the end it is both a
money and time saver and besides
not everyone can prepare, a satisfac
tory home-made mixture that will
produce the same results gained
from the reliable manufactured
product.
In later articles I wilt take up the
three big essentials separately , and
discuss them in greater detail, begin
ning next week with the subject of
good stock, which will include an
enumeration of the various popular
breeds and the purposes for which
they are best adapted.
Copyright 1920. by Earl M. Whitney.
Downtown Programs.
Rialto "Harriet and the Piper,"
and Harold Lloyd in comedy.
Sun "A Chorus Girl's Romance,"
starring Viola Dana.
Strand "The Master Mind," star
ring Lionel Barrymore.
Moon "The Vigilantes."
Eupress "From Now On," star
ring George Walsh.
Muse "The ' Street Called
Straight."
Neighborhood Houses.
Grand "The Miracle. Man," a spe
cial production.
Aniti Stewart played to success
in her latest offering, "Harriet and
the Piper," at the Rialto theater
yesterday. From the standpoint of
artistry in settings and dramatic
acting, the picture is probably Miss
Stewart's cleverest work. However,
for plot, her former picture, "In
Old Kentucky," surpassed her cur
rent vehicle.
The story tends to run on a verge
of immorality of free love. How
genuine love and happiness in the
end grow out of the star's empty
romance of Greenwich Village, lair
of artists, is revealed in a fascinating
manner.
As an added attraction at the
Rialto, Harold Lloyd cuts seme cute
capers in "Get Out and Get Under."
It is one long scries of laughs.
Both pictures will continue at the
Rialto until Thursday.
Those who have read the popular
story, "Head and Shoulders," by F.
Scott Fitzgerald in The Saturday
Evening Post will live through it
again in pleasant reality by seeing
the picturization of the story under
the title, "A Chorus Girl's Ro
mance," at the Sun theater this week.
Viola Dana or rather her irresist
able shoulders are the main attrac
tion. The story has to do with the ro
mance of Marcia Meadows, a cho
rus girl, with a propensity and gift
for shimmying. Her principal ob
jective throughout the picture is a
prodigy at Yale. So there is a de
cided touch of comedy in the play.
Gareth Hughes plays opposite
Miss Dana with success.
Buster Keaton. the comedian that
"Fatty" Arbuckle found, is starred
with plenty of mirth in "Three
Weeks," an added attraction at the
Sun theater.
For actual spell-bound drama.
"The Master Mind," starring Lionel
Barrymore. at the Strand theater
this -week, is a triumph. It is a deep
mystery play, of mental intrigue and
subtle situations.
The art shown in the photogra
phy, such as when the star sees his
own miniature self before him,
snatches up the live figure and hurls
him. from his hand, is really a puz
zling innovation in pictures. The
scene typifies the star's state of
mind toward himself.
The story concerns the workings
of the remarkable mind of a bril
liant psychologist bent on reaping
revenge upon a district attorney
who had sent his brother to the elec
tric chair.
A beautiful girl, in the personality
of Gypsy O'Brien, plays an impor
ta" art in the picture .
The climax is unusual, of deep
drama and pathos.
The gamut of human emotions
f-om love to fiery hatred makes tic
the incidents in "The Vigilantes,"
plaving at the Moon theater this
week. There is really no star in the
play. For settings and open door
scenes, the picture is stunendous
Joe Ray, taking the villain's part
as Rip Speckman, a typical "hound"
leader of the '49 days in San Fran
cisco, puts realism into his interpre
tation of a difficult character.
Gertrude Kabierske, a character
actress, plays opposite Mr. Ray.
Too mhch blood runs through the
picture to call it a powerful success.
A beautiful love story is worked out
of the many incidents of fight, mur
der and hangings.
Wheelbarrow in
Treasury Has
Held Millions
In Service 54 -Years, Harrow
Has Carried Billions of
Dollars In Paper
Currency.
By HARRY L. ROGERS,
International New Service Staff
Correspondent.
Washington, D. C, Oct. 3. In
the redemption division of the
United States treasury there is a
wheelbarrow which, though appar
ently only an ordinary wheelbarrow
of the ordinary barnyard type is in
reality probably the most remark
able wheelbarrow in the world.
This barrow came to the depart
ment in the administration of An
drew Jackson, since then has trans
ported many billions of dollars'
worth of paper currency.
For the greater part of that 54
years it has been chaufleured by
James D. Rowe, 80-year-old veteran
employe of the department, who dur
ing the 53 of his 54 years of service
there has worked in the redemption
division.
That mutilated or badly soiled
piece of paper money, which you ex
change at the bank for a crisp new
bill, doubtless is some day due for a
joy ride on Mr. Rowe's famous bar
row. Such currency, recalled from
circulation, is assembled by national
banks and sub-treasuties throughout
the country and shipped to the re
demption division of the treasury at
Washington where it is stored in
vaults in the basement of the build
ing. After being counted the usage
scarred banknote is perforated with
two holes at each end to insure can
cellation. The bill is then cut in
two, the halves going to different
offices of the department. At each
a count is made as a means of check
ing with the original figures of the
treasury.
The bureau of engraving and
printing utilizes the discarded cer
tificates by reducing the halved bills
to pulp, which is sold to paper manu
facturers and used for making high
grade writing papers. Thus, in these
days of speedy eyolution in domestic
relations, it is not impossible that the
Italian Composer Is
Coming to U. S. On Visit
St r at. '
f 'J H
:j0.7 J
Signor Giacomo Puccini, noted
Italian composer of "Madame But
terfly" and other operas, is en route
to this country for the purpose of
writing an opera on American life.
Signor Puccini, while here, Will live
in Virginia.
$50 bill with which you paid the in
stallment on that diamond ring in
1919 may return to you in 1921 in
the form of a nicely typewritten de
cree of divorce.
Mr. Rowe will be 80 years old
October 17, 1920, and has served
under a score of secretaries of the
treasury. In addition to his skill in
manipulating the remarkable wheel
barrow Mr. Rowe his younger days
was renowned as the champion
rapid-fire dollar counter of the
treasury. On one notable occasion,
according to 'department traditions,
he counted and piled with a period
of 24 hours 90 tons' of silver dollars,
consisting of 2,000 bags, each weigh
ing 60 pounds.
Intended for home, school or busi
ness use, a new motion picture pro
jector uses pictures arranged spirally
on a disk instead of a film.
Accuses Hanley
Of Blocking Dry
Law Enforcement
Yanks Return to
Paris to Marrv
Girls Of France
County Head of Anti-Saloon
League Asserts Fear of
"Double-Crossing'' by
Prohibtion Officer.
Rev. F. A. High, Douglas county
head of the Anti-Saloon league,
t-narged" Saturday that Prohibition
Enforcement Officer J. T. Hanley
not only is not fighUng prohibition
in the Omaha district, but that he is
actually blocking enforcement of
the dry laws.
The charge came in response to
the assertion of Mr. Hanley that Dr.
High, Elmer Thomas and other pro
hibition workers in Omaha have
been "lying down on the job" in as
sisting in the fight against violators.
"It is true that the Anti-Saloon
league has not furnished Mr. Hanley
with evidence we have gathered,"
declared Dr. High, "but the reason
that we have not has been because
we think that he would double-cross
us.
"We believe that Mr. Hanley has
not only failed to properly carry on
the campaign against violators, but
that he has actually blocked efforts
to enforce prohibition.
"Instead of carrying the evidence
which we have gathered to Mr. Han
ley we have taken it to the state
prohibition officer, Gus Hyers, or to
the governor. From these two men
we have expected and have received
a square deal." ,
Mr. Thomis refused to discuss
Mr. Hanky's charges.
Police After Men
Who Raid Gardens
Concord, Mass., Oct. 3. The
Concord police are aiding the farm
ers of the Nine Acre Corner section
in an attempt to run down the
thieves who are making raids on
corn, potatoes and other vegetables.
It is said that the thieving is done
by men from a neighboring town,
who load an auto truck each nght.
While several of the party go to the
river to "fish," the others go through
the woods to the farms. The fisher
men watch while the raiders work.
Doughboys Returning to Paris
Outnumber Tourists Two
to One Many Out
Of Work.
By rniTOraal Serrlc.
Paris, Oct. 3. That the lure of
Paris is still strong, even on the
doughboys who were rabidest in their
desire to get home "toot sweet." is
proved by the numbers of ex-soldiers
from the United States who are re
turning to France by every boat.
Returning doughboys already out
number tourists two to one. They
are coming back with all manner of
excuses as traveling salesmen, as
travelers at leisure, as agents for va
rious businesses and as just plain un
employed hoping for a job. "
These last arc in the big majority.
So many of them are showing up in
Paris finding an utterly changed
Paris now that the Y. M. C. A. hotels
and the canteens arc gone that tlu:
Red Cross and the American Legion
are hard put to solve the problem.
The Red Cross, which still main
tains a gigantic organization in Eu
rope, is employing as many stranded
ex-soldiers as it can, but complaints
have alread been heard in Washing
ton about "arm-chair" jobs over here
and many who seek work with the
A. R. C. fail to find it. The American
Legion can't do more than make fu
tile hunt for jobs for them.
Two reasons arc given by the ex
soldiers for reurning to France.
First, they want to be somewhere
where they can buy a drink," and
second, they -want to marry French
girls. The last is the excuse heard
oftenest.
A separate container for the ice
features a new glass pitcher for cold
drinks.
'They Work while you Sleep"
Do you feel all tangled up--bil-ous,
constipated, headachy, nervous,
full of cold? Take Cascarets tonight
for your liver and bowels to straight
en you out by morning. Wake up
with head clear, stomach right,
breath sweet and feeling fine. No
griping or inconvenience. Children
love Cascarets, too; 10, 25, 50 cents.
Hangman Gives Luck
Kisses at a Party Of
Austrian Aristocrat
iVenna, Oct. 3. One of the first
acts of the national assembly of
the new republic of Austria after
the 1918 revolution was to abolish
capital punishment.
Joseph Lang; who had been the
executioner for many years and
who was pensioned off by the new
government, has just published his
memoirs, in which he tells the fol
lowing story:
One evening a distinguished Aus
trian aristocrat sent-' his secretary
to Herr Lang with an invitation to
a dinner party, where he was to tell
some stories of his life. Herr Lang
accepted the invitation, and after j
dinner gave a lecture on executions.
He had to explain the procedure in !
detail, and the ladies especially tool: !
the greatest interest and tormented
him with questions.
After he had taken his leave and!
was passing through the hall a
young baroness who had been hid
ing there stepped forward and asked
him for a kiss, declaring that "a
kiss from a hangman brings luckf
to every lady." Other women
guests, overhearing this, rushed for-:
ward and also asked to be kissed,
and Herr Lang had to kiss nearly
all the young women present at the
part'.
Anti-Suffragists Will
Vote, Leaders Declare
Cincinnati, O., Oct. 3. How times
do change.
Women who didn't want to vote
have decided to cast their votes the
same as the suffragists who fought
for the suffrage amendment.
"What we must do now is educate
the women voters to the highest pos
sible efficiency as factors in good
citizenship and good government,"
said Mrs. Joseph McCloskey, of the
League of Women Voters here.
"Although I resent having suf
rage thrust upon me and upon oth
er women at this time, still, if it
cannot be deferred I shall accept the
situation and feel it my duty to
vote." declared Mrs. Jerome Sturm,
active in anti-suffrage organization.
If I become a voter it is under
protest," said Mrs. Nicholas Lout,
worth, sr., honorary president of the
Hamilton County Association Op
posed to Woman Suffrage. "I trust
that the political party in which I
have faith may win."
Appetite of English Girls
Increasing Say Cafe Men
London, Oct. 3. English women
have dropped the famous "bun and
milk" luncheon and are nov. eating
substantial meals, according to John
Pearce, pioneer of chain restaurants
in London.
Before women and girls began to
take a big part in English business
life they ate lightly and sat for
hours over a 10-cent meal. Now
they eat steaks and pies in a hurry.
The profits of London restaurant
men are going up, says Mr. Fearce,
because all classes of pepole are
spending more on' food than they
did before the war.
$2,000,000 in Alberta
Bonds to Be Sold in U. S.
Edmonton, Alberta, Oct. 3. The
tender of the United Financial cor- I
poration for $2,000,000 issue of Al- j
berta bonds has teen accepted. It is '
understood that part of the issue will
be offered in Canada by the United
financial Corporation, but probably
the bulk in the United States, where
the corporation nas its head office.
New Canadian Ship Is
Turned Over to Government
Montreal. Quebec, Oct. 3. The !
Canadian Victor, an 8,400-ton vessel, I
has been tured over lo the Canadian
government by the Canadian Vick
ers, Ltd. The Canadian mercantile
marine, to which the Victor is add
ed, now numbers 38 vessels, with a
deadweight tonnage of 203.000. with
28 aioic to cowe,
r.
IE
-I
elRido:
iL -
A
A K
RE you tortured night and day
with a dull throbbing, never
ceasing backache? Do you suf
fer sharp, knife-like pains at every sud
den move? Evening find you tired,
irritable "all played out?" Then it's
time you were finding the cause.
Likely it's your kidneys. Perhaps you
have been working too hard, getting
too little rest and sleep, and overdoing
generally. This may have tended to
weaken the kidneys and bring on that
tired, depressed feeling and that dull, nagging backache. You may have headaches and
dizzy spells, too, with some annoying kidney irregularity. Don't wait for the trouble to
become serious. Get back your health and keep it! Live more simply for awhile and
help the weakened kidneys with Doan's Kidney Pills. They have helped thousands and
should help you. Ask your neighbor!
These Are Omaha Cases:
FORTY-THIRD STREET
J. P. Johnson, painter, corner 43d and Vinton
Sts., says: "Doan's Kidney Pills are fine, for I have
found them so. Some years ago my back was so
stiff that I couldn't bend over enough to put my
shoes on or lace them. My kidneys would act four
or five times during the night, and the secretions
were highly colored and at times contained a brick-dust-like
substance. They burned in passage, too.
Sharp pains would many times catch me in my back
and I could hardly move for a moment. I read statements in
the paper of a great many who told what Doan's Kidney Pills
had done for them, so I got a box. It was not many days be
fore 1 was sure they were just what I needed, for they Rave
.me relief, and I have only needed them occasionally since."
OHIO STREET
. Mrs. R. E. Bitney, 1508 Ohio St., says: "Doan's
Kidney Pills are a fine remedy. About five years
ago I had a great deal of trouble with my back. I
got down and it was just impossible for me to move,
for my back felt as though it were broken. I had
dizzy spells and everything would get black before
me. My kidneys were disordered, too. A member of
my family had used Doan's Kidney Pills with good
results, so I tried them myself. It only took a few
to relieve me, and one box cured the trouble. About
three months ago I had another slight attoclc of the
trouble, but a few Doan's fixed me up again in a
couple days. My back and kidneys are now strong."
SOUTH SEVENTEENTH STREET
Mrs. E. E. Bates, 707 S. 17th St., says: "It was
nbout a year ago that I was weak in my back from
a bad condition of my kidneys. This annoyed me a
great deal and seemed to take all the ambition from
me. Bending over would cause sharp pains to
pierce the small of my back and kidneys. I had
an awful time with dizzy spells. I used Doan's
Kidney Pills, and they relieved my condition in
a short time. After using some two or three
boxes my relief was permanent. I have used
Doan's occasionally since, when my back has felt
a little tired, and Doan's have always done their
work fine."
fl jwpte km
XTO package of Doan's Kidney Pills is genuine
unlets it bears the maple-leaf trade-mark and
the signature "JAS. DOAN."
VALLEY STREET
Erhard Corneer, proprietor dairy, 3510 Valley
vSt., says: "It was a number of years ago that I was
first taken with kidney trouble. I knew that so
much jumping on and off my wagon was the direct,
cause for my trouble. There seemed to be a con
stant ache across the small of my back and kidneys,
and an awful soreness through my hips. My kidneys
acted frequently and the secretions were highly col
ored. A friend told me of Doan's Kidney Pills
being so good for this trouble, and it was only a
day or so after I commenced to use them that I was
better. After I had used two boxes my back and kidneys
were strong. That is the kind of a cure that Doan's Kidney
Pills gave me."
LEAVENWORTH STREET
C. M. Downing, 2216 Leavenworth St., says:
"My first trouble with my kidneys was caused by a
strain some ten years ago. -1 would be so lame I
couldn't stoop over to pick up anything, and the
awful, sharp, cutting pains in my kidneys felt as
though someone had stuck a sharp knife into me.
My kidneys would act frequently during the night,
ind the secretions were, highly colored. At times it
felt as though I had a heavy weight across my back,
and it felt as though it were pulling me down. A
friend advised me to use Doan's Kidney Pills, so I
got them and was relieved of the trouble after
using a couple boxes."
D
oaa's Kidney
Pi
Every Druggist has Doan's. 60c a box. Foster-Milburn Co., Manufacturing Chemists. Buffalo. N. Y.
1