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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 11, 1920)
' Shim Committee Idea Is ' Winning Recognition In ; . - Over 250 Plants of U. S. 1 1 Plan Misunderstood by Workers In Some Places and Is Looked Upon With Suspicion Applies Demo- cracy to Operation of Factories Long Accepted , In Great Brittain Labor Made a Partner. By RAY STANNARD BAKER. ARTICLE XIV. Here it a significant observation quoted, not from a labor leader, nor yet from a radical reformer, but from an American stcclmastcr, who is also a great employer of labor: "The real leader in industry to day is not the man who substitutes his own will and his own brain for the will and intelligence of the crowd, out the one who releases the energies within the crowd so that the will of . the crowd can be ex pressed." " Charles M. Schwab has also said: "I know something about mak ing steel, but 1 don't know any where near as much as the thou sands of steel workers." His view corresponds closely with that of the foremost thinkers upon industrial reconstruction both here and in Europe, and that is that there are vast undeveloped resources of knowledge, energy and crea tive genius in the human factor in industry, and that the next great step forward in civilization will consist in releasing this knowledge, energy, Yellow Mustard for Sore Throat, Tonsilitis Old fashioned remedies are often (he best. Yellow Mustard,, in the form of plaster or poultice, has been used for generations for Sornesa, Inflam mations, congestions and swellings with most excellent re sults, but It blis- k-lered. Heat eases pain I and Begy's Musta- rine, made of pure ' yellow m u s tard, together A'vVV? rv with Other f pain relieving W ingredients, is just as hot. out quicker, cleaner and mora effective, and cannot blis ter. .When your-throat is sore, when you have pleurisy, bronchitis or a pain-shooting chest cold you can get speedy and lasting relief with this most effective preparation because heat eases pain 30 and 60- cents at druggists or by mail. S. C. Wells & Co., LeRoy, N. Y. mn ihealTH 7 S' fx W afeaam .1 Nunattd Iron incraaaca atransth and anduranca of delicate, nervous run-down ptopl in two weeks' time in many in atanoaa. It haa been used and endomed by euch men aa former United Stataa Senator and Vice-Presidential Nominee, Charlea A. Towne; former Health Com tniaslonar Wm. P.. Kerr of Chicago: United States Judife G. W. Atkinson of the Court of Claims of Washlnirtonr In nate Jan Paderowski, Premier of Poland and Master Pianist, and ethers. Ask your doctor or druggist about it. Owl Drur Co., Sherman A McConnel). When the success or failure, of any day de pends upon whether the bowels functionate properly or not . You Need The digestion Of food entails ; the production of poisons that, must be eliminated regularly and thoroughly. Larawat Sal f Aay MaatciMlalUWaaM Wnansw. UWa,I0e,2e, To Heat A Cough Toko Hoyoo' Healing Honey 35o per DoHIm 'a C ; ; m genius of the great masses of the workers. "Hire and Fire." Under the old autocratic regime in industry there have been special ists in financing, in selling, in adver tising, in technical processes; but the last thing of all to be consid ered was the most important of all the human beings, the labor. Any foreman or boss could "hire and fire." It is only very recently that labor experts, labor managers, labor engineers have begun to appear as an essential factor in industrial or ganization, and in only a few of the more enlightened industries has the labor expert risen to anything like an equality of status with the other departmental chiefs. I know of only a few cases in which labor management is dignified by a vice presidency or oher high official recognition in the company. Under the old autocratic regime everything is directed from above, according to the will of the em ployer or manager, and the ten dency is toward the suppression of every form of creative energy on the part of labor. The United States Steel Corporation is today the greatest American example of this system. Applying Democracy. Fortunately, not only in the steel industry but in many ot'iers as well, the new secret for re leasing more fully the energies of human beings is now being dis covered and developed. The idea is spreading with extraordinary rapidity both in America and in Europe. It is not confined to thoughtful labor leaders nor to, stu dents or experts in industrial man agement, but many employers and employers' associations arc. as one observer said to me, "riddled with it." And this "secret" consists in ap plying to industry, litle by little, the simple machinery of democracy. "We do not need a revolution,1' said H. L. Gantt, one of the true pioneers of the movement, "we do not need a class war. Most people will work for the common good if you give them a chance. The trou ble is that we have been clinging to an autocratic system under the mistaken idea that it was good, at least for the autocrat. The fact is that it isn't. Democracy is far, bet ter for all of us. Industrial democ racy will release our energies and make us the strongest people on earth." 250 Plants Try Idea. I described in my last article how this new system had be-'n intro duced and showed how it worked in a typical industry. Today there arc over 250 mills, factories and other business organizations, all the way from huge steel plants like the Colorado Fuel & Iron company, the Midvale Steel company and impor tant transportation ami shipbuilding companies to little factories with a few hundred hands, where the new idea is b.cing tried out. , ' , , It is a very new. movement. Be fore the war it was practically un known outside of a few halting pionee experiments; today, it ms cafcely An exaggeration to say that it is more the thought of American industrial leadership than any other Accepted in Great Britain. . Mr. Gantt predicted that its intro duction would make us "the strong est' people on earth" but '.we shall have to push hard indeed if we .beat "Guro Your Rupturo Liko I Cured Hino" Old -Sea Captain Cured His Own Rupture After Doctors Said "Operate or Death." Bla Remedy and Book Sent Free. . Cant n In Oolllnes sailed the seals for many years; then he sustained a bad double rupture that soon forced ivlm to not only remain ashore, but kept him bedridden for years. He tried doctor after doctor and truss after truss. No results! Finally, lie was assured tnat he must either submit to a. dantreroua and abhorrent operation or die. He did aitberl He cured himself Idktead. Tallow Mm aad Woraaa, Yoa Don't HaT T Be Cat Up, and Yen Don't Hare To Be Torturad By Trass as." q Captain Colling made a study of himself, of his condition -and at last ha was rewarded by the finding of the method that so quickly made him a well, strong, vifforoua and happy man. Anyone can use the same method: It's simple, easy, safe and Inexpensive. Every ruptured person in the world should have the Captain Colllngs book, telling all about how he cured himself, and ho,w Anyone may follow the same treatment In their own home without any trouble. The book and medicine are FREE. They will be sent prepaid to any rupture sufferer who will nil out the below coupon. But send It right away aw before you put down this paper. FRET HOWTUHB BOOK AMD ItEMBBY COUPON. Capt. VT. A. Colllngs (Inc.) l sox loJUW anno wn, x. x. ' Please send me your Fl'.EB Bupture Remedy and Book without any obli gation on my part whatever. Name Address ". the British and the Germans. For the British have already gone be vond us, through, the adoption as a 'national policy of the Whitley Councils system providing for the reconstruction of industry upon a democratic basis. While a large proportion of our employers and labor leaders, through lack of un derstanding, is still .opposing the whole idea, a large proportion of both organized capital and organ ized labor1 in Great Britain has ac cepted it. Already 41 national in dustries, including many hundreds of individual plants employing over 2,500.000 workers, are operating un der the new system. The Germans haye sought the same end in their methodical and formal way by passing, on January 17 of this year, a "shops council" law which will apply to all factories or plants Where more than five men or women are employed." It is called "one of the most radical pieces of economic legislation since the war." 'It means the gradual re construction of German industry upon a co-operative and democratic basis. Compared with the sweeping changes contemplated in both Great Britain and Germany our economic competitors the American move ment is still tentative and experimen tal. Although more than 250 sep arate enterprises are trying out the system, this represents a very small proportion of the tens of thousands of employing establishments in America. It is as yet a mere crack in the surface of the old system. "Get Together Spirit. " The new method was adopted wholeheartedly during the war by our own War Labor Board, and through that organization applied in many industries where labor dis turbances were threatened great concerns, like the General Klcctric company at its Pittsfield and Lynn plants, the Bethlehem Steel corpora tion, the American Cash Reglstet company, and several important plants at Bridgeport, Conn. And the President's Industrial commis sion, now sitting at Washington, is likely to recommend the adoption of the new system as one of the main features of its report. There is this to be said about, Americans they are quick learners, and, once they understand the enormous pos sibilities of "industrial democracy." there is no doubt that the system will be swiftly applied. The atmosphere of American life is peculiarly favor able to the growth of such demo cratic movements, and we have al ready demonstrated during the war an extraordinary ability to "get to gether," to infuse industry with a "spirit of co-operation" and to, ac complish great results in a short time. Many "System" Here. De Toqueville long ago called at tention to the peculiar genius of Americans for forming associations of all kinds, for all purposes in short, their ability to work together. "Wherever at the head of some new undertaking you see the gov ernment in Franoe or a man of rank in England, in the United States you will be sure to find an associa tion. The English often perform great things singly, whereas the Americans form associations for the smallest undertakings." The American approach to tlie new system is by the American method, through encouragement by volunteer associations and experi mentation in actual enterprises. It lacks the regularity of a German system prescribed by law or a Brit ish system carefully studied by a governmental body and adopted from above, but what it loses in uni formity it may gain through variety of creative experimentation; the at tempt by many. individual brains to apply the principle to specific cases. This method cannot fail to produce a greater degree of flexibility and a closer adaptation to actual needs than any prepared plan. The cre ative impulse thrives best where ex perimentation, is freest. . So it is that When we endeavor in America to define exactly what the new system of "industrial democ racy" really is, we find a large num ber of different "plans" or "sys tems," varying widely in detail and still more widely in spirit. We have the Colorado Fuel and Iron plan, the Bridgeport plan, the Leitch plan, the Amalgamated Garment Work ers' plan and others, and as yet no Comprehensive governmental plan at all. It is a movement which has grown more or less spontaneously from within. Now. I shall not enter here into a discussion of the details of these various plans. I have illustrated in a former article exactly how the system was applied in one small in dustry, but there are certain broad general principles which . underlie the entire movement. Fundament ally, the effort is to do away gradu ally with the old autocratic and militaristic organization of industry, and substitute for it a new co-operative and democratic organization. Labor a Partner Under Plan. Under the new system labor is no longer regarded as a mere part of the machinery, but as a partner with a definite share in the management. The essential structure is very sim ple. It consists of committees se cretly elected by the workmen of a shop or an industry (hence the names "shop committee" or "em ployes' representatives") to. meet similar committees appointed by the FREE TO ASTHMASUFFERERS A New Home Method That Anyone Can Use Without Discomfort or Loss of Time. ! We have a naw method that controls Asthma, and we want you to try it at our expense. No matter whether your case is of Jong standing or xaeent development, whsther it is present aa occassional or chronic Asthma, you' should send for a frae trial of our method. No matter in what climate you live, no matter what your ago or occupation, if you are troubled with asthma, our method ahould relieve you promptly. We especially want to send it to those apparently hopeless cases, where all forma of inhalers, douches, opium preparations, fumes, "patent smokes," etc., have failed. We want to show everyone at our expense, that this new method is designed to end all difficult breathing, all wheeling, and all those terrible paroxysms at once. This" free offer is too important to neg lect a aingle day. Write now and begin the method at once. Send no money. Simply mail coupon, below. Do it Today. FREE TRIAL COUPON FRONTIER ASTHMA CO., Room 42t. Niagara and Hudson St Buffalo, N.Y. Send .tree trial of your method to: '"V" mnnagement, thus producing a "works' council" or "trade board" to discuss and settle certain of the problems of management begin ning with the problems especially affecting labor working conditions, wages, hours and the like. One vital purpose of the movement is to riach and deal with the causes of unrest, and never to permit disa greements to develop to the point of open war (strikes). It may be a very crude and partial arrange ment in which only a little democ racy is let into the industry and only very limited powers conferred upon the "council," or it may go to the length of admitting a represen tative of the workers to a place in the board of directors of the com pany, with extensive privileges of snaring in the profits and- of pur chasing stock in the corporation ss in the example at Wappingers Falls, which I have already describ ed, All ot tne experiments repre' sent an approach to "industrial de mocracy. I hose who wish to go into the whole matter more fully and there is a notable awakening of interests this subject all over America m?v find further informal ion in certain books and reports; or, better yet, by visiting some plant where the system is now in opera tion. The, subject is as yet so very new, and the developments are so rapid, that the literature is rather unsatisfactory. Two new books whxh, interpret the spirit of the movement are "Industrial Good Will." by Prof. John R. Commons of Wisconsin university, one of the best of our American authorities and "Industry and Humanity," by W. L. Mackenzie King, former min ister of labor of Canada. For a more detailed account of actual plans in operation there is a report on auop wmmiiiec ana inausinai Councils," published by the ,New Jersey state Chamber of Csnunerce, Newark, N. J., and a summary, "Works Councils in the United States," by the national industrial conference board, 15 .Beacon street Boston. This latter is a report made under the direction of 25 of Ihc foremost employers' associa tions of America. Other reports may be obtained from the United Stales Department of Labor; and 0 ere is a small book by W. L,. btoa dard upon the experience of the war labor hoard in establishing shop committees. Much Opposition Hera. Much opposition to the new sys tem in America is to be found among both employers and employes. Uoon the side of the employers it is due in part to the natural inertia of men who have succeeded by the old method, who know that method well, and are fearful of any change or new adventure, in part to the human desire to maintain "author ity," and in part to the short-sighted ness that sees more immediate pro fit in the present system. It is so much easier to "boss" than to co operate. And the new system looks like revolution! Many em ployers will examine it seriously o'nfv alter they have been through the hard punishment of strikes or other labor disturbances. it is among the younger, more progres- Born in 1839 Dr. Caldwell Still in His Off ice Daily Wonderful vigor of the founder of Dr. Caldwell's $yrup Pepsin. Millions now use his famous prescription Physicians know that good health depends largely upon proper digestion and elimination and that much sickness results from constipation. No one knows this better tha". the "family" doctor, the general practioner. DR. W. B. Caldwell of Mon ticello, Illinois, was and is a family doctor. The whole human body, not any small part of it, was his practice. More than half his "calls" were on women, children and babies. ' They are the ones most often sick. But their illnesses were usuully of a minor nature colds, fevers, heud nches, biliousness and all of them required first a thorough evacuation.They wereconslipated. Dr. Caldwell in the course of 40 years' practice, for he was grad uated from Rush Medical College back in 1875, had found a good deal of success in such cases with a prescription of his own contain ing simple laxative herbs with pepsin. In 1892 he decided to use this formula in the manufac ture of a medicine to be known as Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin, and in that year the preparation was first placed on the market. The picture of Dr. Caldwell that ap pears on the package was taken in that year. The preparation immediately had as great a success in the drug tores as it previously had in the doctor's private practice. Today the third generation is using it. Cuticura Girls Are Sweet and Dainty aivwtM OT IINUICt tasEsSlkKJ, 1 1 Cat I pie ion, toft, white handi.and ftony, Cuticara Talcum is delicate, detichtful. distsngvi. It imparts to the person a charm incomparable and peealiar to it self. . Sals Imsi ?tm br MaU. Addrsss: "Oaetata btarsssrtM. Itopi tt. HsMm, Mass." Said enrr whjr.So.pav. OinbMlK and Ms. Tsiena. aBWCuticmra Soap ekavea witkmal tmg. ASTHMA Dr. Klnamaui'a Asthma Romedr mnt instant relief. 25 years of auccess. SP?-,'I,Jiruista, Aroidall substitutes. Tn.l Treatment Mailed Free. Write to Dr. r . G. Kinsman. Hunt Block, Augusta.Maine Uee Want Ads Produce Results. slve, more thoughtful employers that the movement is spreading most rapidly. Since the close of the re cent steel strike employers opposed to the plan have called atte.ion to the fact that employes workS in companies having the new sys tem (in a more or less rudimentary form), like the Colorado Fuel & Iron company and the Midvale Steel com pany, went out on strike wttn tne other steel workers. This is true (except as to the Bethlehem Steel company, where the new plan of co operation and conciliation was large ly instrumental in keeping the plant going), but significantly it has not discouraged a single one of these great employers. They are going straight ahead with their forward looking experiments. As the Iron Age well says m an editorial: Steel Strike Failure. "We have looked upon the steps takea by various steel companies to cultivate better relations with their employes through conference com mittee's, on which the employe rep resentatives are chosen by the work ers, as having great promise, and we have the same opinion in spite of what happened at these plants in the period of the strike. "It need hardly be said that the defeat of the steel strike leaders and the rising up of public opinion against them do not signfy that there is no call for change m labor conditions in the steel industry. "The fact that so many workers in the production of steel are of foreign birth makes all the more necessary the employment of ex traordinary means by the employers to establish a relation of confidence. The problem, is neither more nor less than that of realizing through out the industry the same democ racy that was urged as the goal of everv united ettort of managers and men during the war. We believe the employe representation plan -is the best means yet devised for reaching the desired end. Misunderstood By Workers. On the part of the workers the opposition to the new idea is also due to fear and misunderstanding especially among the older and more conservative leaders of the Gompcrs type. They have built up , their labor organization upon a militaristic basis; they regard the employer more or less as a natural enemy upon whom from time to time they make war (strike) arid with whom they sign triues (col lective bargains). It is as hard for them to get the new idea of frank co-operation and a democratic re lationship as it is for the old-fashioned employers. And they really have a genuine basis for 'heir ap prehension; for in some cases the new device of shop organizations, so-called "company unions," has been deliberately used by employ ers for hampering labor organiza tion' or weakening its yiflr.ence. The workers know what an indispensable instrument labor organization has been to them in gettting even the primary recognition of their rights, and they dread desperately any thing which suggests interference Mothers are giving it to their children who were given it by their mothers. Every second of the working day someone some where is going into a drug store to buy it, for Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin is selling at the rate of over 6 million bottles a year. Its great success is based on merit, on repeated buying, on one satisfied user telling another. There are thousands of homes in this country that are never with out a bottle of Syrup Pepsin, and the formulator of that prescrip tion is fortunately living to see its wonderful success. Women, children and elderly people are especially benefitted by Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin. While it is promptly effective on the most robust constitution and in the most obstinate 'cases, it is nu'ld and gentle in its action and does not cause griping and strain. Containing neither opiates nor narcotics, it is safe for the tiniest baby and children like it and take it willingly. Every drug store sells Dr. Cald well's Syrup Pepsin. Keep a bottle in your home. Where many live someone is sure to need it quickly. HOW TO GET RID OF YOUR COLD The quick way is to use Dr. King's New Discovery DON'T put off until tonight what you can do today. Step into your druggist's and buy a bot tle of Dr. King's New Discovery. Start taking it at once. By the time you reach home you!H be on the way to recovery. This standard family friend has been breaking colds, coughs, grippe attacks and croup for more than fif ty years. It's used wherever sure fire relief is appreciated. Children and grownups alike can use it there is no disagreeable after-effect. Your druggist has it. 60c and $1.20 bottles. . Bowels Begging for Help Torpid liver pleading for assist ance? How careless to neglect these things when Dr. King's New Life Pills so promptly, mildly, yet effec tively, come to their relief! Leaving the system uncleaned, clogged bowels unmoved, results "in health-destructive after-effects. Let stimulating, tonic-in-action Dr. King's New Life Pills bring you the happiness of regular, normal bowel and. liver functioning. Keap feeling fit, doinjr the work of a man or wom an who finds relish in it. All drug gists 25c. with their free action in this regard. They are very suspicious of certain Ot the company unions in the steel industry; indeed,, one of their demands when the steel strike was called was for the "abolition of company unions." On the other hand some of the progressive younger leaders like Hillman of the Amalgamated Gar ment Workers believe thoroughly in the new movement on the ground that any association of workers, giv ing them freedom to act in matters pertaining to their own lives, leads certainly to more self-conscious or ganization, and will tend to help rather thaft hinder the labor move ment in its larger aspects. Good Will Spirit. The only secure approach to the new system is a genuine spirit of good-will, firmly based upon a scien tific examination of afl the factors in the problem. Any employer who "takes on" the "shop committee" or "employes' representation" system merely as a sop to labor or with the intention of using it to fight union ism or to postpone doing real justice to the workers is doomed to failure. He discredits the whole- idea, in which the spirit of approach is the essential element. If he wants to reap the benefits of industrial democ racy he must begin by being demo cratic; if he wants genuine co-operation he must himself genuinely co operate. In England the Whitley plan of workers' councils presup poses complete organization of la bor; and labor must never be ex pected to forego the full use of its one weapon of defense organiza tion "and the strike unless it is thoroughly convinced that capital and management is sincere in its proffers of co-operation and concilia tion, and honestly proposes to in troduce a greater degree of democ racy in management. Two Children Run Over by Automobile Escape With Bruises Two little girls, each aged S, had narrow escapes from death on their way home from kindergarten school Tuesday afternoon when run over at Thirty-fifth and Hamilton streets by an automobile driven by Mrs. II. T. Landeryou, Florence Heights. It was the first day at school for one of the children, Margaret Jean Phalcn. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Phalcn, 3225 Myrtle avenue. She .was accompanied by Ruth Tay lor, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Taylor, ,1230 Myrtle avenue. Botn children were knocked down, but they fell between the wheels of the machine, which inflicted severe bruises only. Police exonerated Mrs. Landeryou. $10,000 Opium Seized Detroit, Feb. 10. In a raid here police seized $10,000 worth of opium and a complete outfit for its smok ing. Three Chinamen were ar rested. DR. W. B. CALDWELL TODAY Born Shclbyville, Mo.. March 27, 1839 Began tha manufacture of hla lamoua pre scription in 1892 In spite of the fact that Dr. CaU veil's Syrup Pepsin is the largest selling liquid laxative in the world, there being over 6 million bottles sold each year, many uho need its benefits have not yet used it. If you have not, send your name and address for a free trial bottle to Dr. W. B. Caldwell. 511 Washington St., Monticelia, Illinois. FEW FOLKS HAVE GRAY HAIR NOW Druggist Says Ladies are Us ing Recipe of Sage Tea and Culphur. Hair 'that loses its color and lus tre, or when it fades, turns gray, dull and lifeless, is caused bv a lack of sulphur in the hair. Our grand mother made up a mixture of Sage Tea and Sulphur to keep her locks dark and beautiful, and thousands of women and men who value that even color,- that beautiful dark shade of hair which is so attractive, use only this old-time recipe. Nowadays we get this famous mixture improved by the addition of other ingredients by asking at any drug store for a bottle of "Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur Compound," which darkens the hair to naturally, so evenly, that nobobdy can possibly tell it has been applied. You just dampen a sponge or soft brush with it and draw this through your hair, taking one small strand at a time. By morning the gray hair disap pears; hut what delights tlie ladies with Wyeth's Sage and Sulphur Compound is that, besides beauti fuJlv darke-r.inar the hair after a few anplicationf, it also brings back the gloss and lufctre and gives it an ap pearance of nbundanc . " , OCNTSAt UntNTTTRE (TfORV I Let Bowen's Equip i our rucnen Of course, you want a modern kitchen! Your work will be so much lighter and you will save so many steps. With a Bowen Range a Bowen Kitchen Cabinet a Bowen Porcelain Top Table and With Bowen Linoleum You II Have a Modern Kitchen If I 11M TUUJTJ rill 1 1 (erAi I JBifl I S: ll At Bowen s Value-Giving Prices it is simple to own and enjoy modern equipment in your kitrhfn. The articles listed below are suggestions that mean !es hours spent in your litchen and more time for relaxation and enjoyment. 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