THE BEE: OMAHA, WEDNESDAY. 'JANUARY 7. 1920.
Hatred and Suspicion Are
Bred by Extremists On Both
Sides Capital and Labor
The Great Danger Is That Violent Views May Finally
Reach and Affect the Great Majority of Conserv
ative Members Extremists Among Employers
Play Their Hands as Carefully as the Radicals
Among Workmen.
By RAY STANNARD BAKER.
Articlo IV.
, In two former articles I endeavor
ed to exhibit the present industrial
situation in America as it looks, first
from above to the man whp paya the
wages, and, second, from below, to
the men who receive them.
, W may now inquire into - the
causes of thia unrest, again using
the type-city of Gary, Ind., as the
explanatory illustration.
Wa are fortunate in having the
issue made very clear for us, in this
case, by the leaders upon,both sides
of the controversy.
Judge Gary tells us with eonvlc-
tion that the great majority of his
workers were-contented, that they
wanted no strike and no union, but
that they were incited and intimi
dated by "outside agitators" . and
"revolutionaries." He says that alien
elements with radical beliefs were
largely instrumental in causing the
trouble.
' "You think," asks Senator Kenyon,
at the investigation, "that this for
eign element is precipitating the
Strike, do you not?"
"I do," responded Judge Gary.
Mr. Gompers, upon his part, is
eqrbHy clear. H? Us us that the-
wqkers were not contented, that
they were compelled to work un
necessarily long hours, that they
were not allowed to organize or to
have any voice in the determination
of conditions under which thev live:
. that the workers were not intimi
' dated by "outside agitators" or
revolutionaries, but suppressed by
tne employers.
, Outsideor Inside?
-, i Here, then, is the very heart of
the controversy. Judge Gary thinks
that the trouble comes from out-
; side Ins stee4 plants and steel towns;
, Mr. Gompers thinks the trouble is
inside of them. Judge Gary thinks
. the trouble is imported into Gary
? irom wasnington, where the Amer
ican Federation of Labor has its
.headquarters, or from Russia. Mr,
Gompers thinks the trouble is in
Oary itself.
ine remedies suggested toilow
hard upon its convictions of each
group. Judge Gary and to a large
extent the entire employer class in
America believe that if somehow
; these "outside agitators," "revolu-
- tionaries," "alien disturbers," could
v be squelched all the trouble would
; speedily disappear. So we see just
- now in America a number of extra-
:'ordinarv applications of this cure
j Judge Gary himself, quite logically
; from his point of view, refuses to
! confer -with "outside agitators" Mr.
i -Fitzpatrick. Mr. Foster and others.
j '-' In Pennsylvania the constaBuiary
.?". ii r ... 1 . um
(&,JUl II1CIII 111 Jd.li; IC1U3G IU ICI Ulcus
fSKhold meetings. Upon the belief that
ine lucas mat aic . uisiui unite nmua-
;try come in from the outside from
Russia especially they raid private
homes and halls at Gary an1. ac-
cording to a lieutenant of the intelli
srence department of the United
. States army, take away some tons of
radical literature. And now they are
... proceeding to still more drastic
measures. At the" senate investiga
tion Senator Smith of Georgia asked
the lieutenant of intelligence who in
vestigated the "reds" of Gary this
. question:
Ship Them Out
' Senator, Smith: If we shipped all
the ' alien agitators and organizers
out of the country
Lt. Van Buren (interposing)
There would be no more trouble at
all.
VVe are beginning literally to prac
. tice this policy, which seems so easy
a solution to Senator bmith ana lc
Van Buren. Already the American
ship Buford, guarded aboard by
soldiers and accompanied at sea by
a naval escort, is taking some uu
of these alien aeitators away from
America, with the purpose of return-
. ing them to the lands trom wnicn
thev trot their ideas.
This policy of meeting the unrest
finds a cruder echo and yet a fa
miliar one. I have heard it oftet
recently im'one ordinary comfort
able people: 'Tlf a few of these
agitators and 'reds' were taken out
and shot we'd soon get rid of the
trouble."
Now the loeic of these remedies
is indisputably sound. If the unrest
is caused by outside agitators ant
by alien revolutionaries,- as Judge
Oary asserts, men u you remove mc
agitators, seize and destroy, the
' . literature containing the ideas and
prevent meetings in which-they are
' aired, yon stop the unrest. This is
perfectly clear.
Views of Workers' Leaders.
So much for the employer's view
of the cause of the unrest and the
remedy for it.. The leaders of the
workers, as I said, hold the con
trary view, that the trouble is in
side of industry, not imported from
without; and they proceed with in
tense conviction to act upon their
- belief. They try to show that con
ditions among working people in
America are dehumanizing, that in
justice prevails, that men have be
come, as their recent "bill of rights"
declares, "cogs in an industrial sys
tem dominated by machinery owned
and operated for profit alone." They
are so eager to prove their conten
tion that they welcome every kind of
investigation. Judge Gary pro
foundly distrusts public inquiries be-
' cause, as he told the senate commit
tee,, they "give opportunity to cer
tain men to air their views and get
'-. before the public certain propaganda
that is vicious and calculated to do
Harm."
v But the workers eagerly desire
these .inquiries, and in the case of
the present steel strike" have done
their best to get before the public
. the facts, as they see them, regard
ing , the 12-hour day, Sunday work,
the "king turn," the speeding np of
' workmen, the denial of the right to
organize, the suppression . of free
, speech and free assemblage, and so
on. fht first great item in their
policy is publicity; the second is'or
nanizatiou. The motive of the first
is not. only to stir up their own
people but to get their case before
the tmblic: the motive of the second
is to help themselves to their own
relief; their key words, therefore,
are "agitate" and "organize."
An Issue of Fact.
Now the issue that arises here be
tween the two groups is an issue of
fact; it is a question for the jury of
the American people. Is the trouble
and unrest or any part of - it
caused by conditions inside of the
steel towns, inherent in the present
state of the industry, or is it caused
by "outside agitators" and "alien
radicals"?
As usual in cases presented to
that great, impatient, more or less
inattentive jury of public opinion
'which hates desperately to remain
long enough away from private
business really to hear the evidence
there is an enormous amount of
exaggeration on both sides, extreme
statements, the imputation of the
worst possible motives, personal
abuse. It is ever the case that one
extreme view tries to justify itself
by magnifying the other extreme
view. Extremes invariably breed
extremes. Thus Judge Gary and
the steel employers v magnify the
revolutionary elements among the
workers, which are in reality unim
portant either in numbers or in in
fluence. They have done their best
to "play up" Foster and Margolis,
and to try to convince the jury that
these men really represent the
views of American labor. More
time was spent by the . senate in
examining these two relatively in
consequential figures Margolis, a
lawyer having no connection what
ever with the steel strike, and Fos
ter, only one of a committee than
was given to any other witness ex
cept Judge Gary himself. The steel
employers have had reprinted and
have circulated widely among em
ployers, business men and editors,
Foster's red pamphlet on syndical
ism with this inscription on the out
side: "William Z. Foster, one of the au
thors of this book, is in charge of
the present campaign to organize
the steel strikers."
They have given this pamphlet a
far wider circulation than ever Fos
ter was able to give it; they have
aroused just the curiosity about the
ideas which it contains, and which
they are trying; to combat, that the
radicals themselves have failed in
arousing.
Have "Played Up" Extremists.
Now, I am not here going into
Foster's denial that this wild pamph
let published nine years ago repre
sents his present beliefs' (in another
article I hope to exhibit the true
relationship of radicals such as Fos
ter to the American Federation of
Labor); I am merely illustrating the
point that the steel employers have
"played up" these extremists, and at
the same time have refcused to meet
and deal with' the moderate leaders,
who represent the great solid masses
of American labor.
On the other hand, the extremists
upon the side of labor play exactly
the same game. I have been ex
amining recently a number of the
more extreme publications issued by
radical labor groups, some of them
circulated at Gary, Ind., and I have
attended radical meetings and heard
radical speeches. To many of these
extremists Judge Gary is a (very
devil; all capitalists' are devils; any
one who sees anything good in the
"present system" is a "tool." They
do not recognize the fact that an
immense proportion of American in
dustry today is based, so far as labor
conditions are concerned, upon rea
sonable" conferences between em
ployers and employes; or that many
employers and managers in America
are earnestly and sincerely endeav
oring to work out new methods of
co-operation with their workers
as I shall show later or that even
Judge Gary has encouraged, among
other things, great improvements in
safety devices in his mills a really
remarkable work. i
Radical Extremists.
Conservative extremists thus stim
ulate radical extremists. We even
see employed in this steel strike the
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now familiar technic of war. Both
aides try to prove atrocitiei; both
sides assert that the other is using
the poison gas of propaganda and
the . dum-dum bulleti of intimida
tion; Each side, or a part of each
side, is doing its best to stir up ha
tred and suspicion of the other, with
the danger always present that these
violent views may involve the great
quiet majority of both employers
and employes who are trying , to
work out humanly, decently and pa
tiently the enormously complicated
problems which confront all of us.
In this situation it is most impor
tant to try to get behind the smoke
screen of claims and counterclaims,
try to see the thing as it is.
I went to Gary, Ind, exactly with
this purpose in mind; to find out
upon the ground . the facts regard
ing the direct issue here presented.
Hbw much of the trouble and unrest
is caused by "outside agitators" and
"alien radicals" and how much is
caused by conditions inside of the
steel towns and inherent in the pres
ent state of the steel industry? I
shall set down what I found in the
next article.
Sergeant in Motor Corps
Arrested on Theft Charge
Salt Lake City, Utah, Jan. 6.
Department of Justice officials, it
became known today, have arrested
Sergt. Richard Wagner of the mo
tor transport corps at Fort Doug
las here in connection with the al
leged theft of government automo
bile tires and other supplies.
Senate Subcommittee
Will Probe Naval Awards
Washington, Jan. 6. The senate
naval affairs committee voted, 10 to
1, today to authorize investigation
by a subcommittee of five of the
controversy over awards of medals
to naval officers for war service.
Senator Walsh, democrat, of Mon
tana voted agamst the resolution.
Referendum Results On
Anti-Strike Clause to Be
Ready Wednesday
Washington, Jan. 6. Results of
the recent referendum in the National
Grange on the anti-strike provisions
of the Cummins railroad bill will
be presented to Chairman Cummins
of the senate interstate commerce
committee tomorrow by the
grange's executive committee, which
began sessions here today. It was
announced that so far as heard from
the results of the referendum were
unanimously in favor of retaining
the anti-strike clause.
The committee also will present
the views of the grange on the
packer legislation to Chairman
Gronna of the ' senate agriculture
committee. These views are ex
pressed in a tentative bill prepared
for presentation to the senate. It
provides for strong movement con
trol of the packers to be administer
ed by a national food commission.
French Aviatrix Flies From
Paris to Morocco Alone
Rabat, Morocco, Jan. 6. (French
Wireless.) A French aviatrix has
arrived here from Pari by air, hav
ing made the flight in two days.
This ii the first case of a woman
flying from France to Morocco. Her
route was via Toulon, Barcelona,
Valencia, Alicante, Granada, Malaga
and Tangier. The distance covered
was about 1,150 miles.
Ireland Is Key to the
Atlantic, Says Secretary
London, Jan. 6. "There can be
no question of an independent Irish
republic," said Jan MacPherson,
chief secretary for Ireland. "Ire
land is the key to the Atlantic."
Former General in Huerta :
Army on Way to Join Villi!
Eagle Pass, Tex., Jan! 6. TheM
wag an unconfirmed report here to
day that' Gen. Alberto Guajardiei
formerly of the Huerta army, haj
crossed the Rio Grande into Mexl
fr m'irrUt mil.. L 1 :.U
55 men, two machine guns and 20,00(1
iuuuus 01 ammunition, to join tnfl
Villista forces.
Allies to Blow Up Ships :
Sunk at Scapa Floty
London, Jan. 6. German waty
ships sunk by their officers in Scap
Flow will be blown up shortly, if
was, stated here today. The de
cision to dispose of the vessels itf
this way followed the completion of
investigation by a special commit
sion representing all of the allies.
w . j J
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