THE iiEE: OMAHA, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1919.
'. ft''
THOMAS URGES
WOMEN TO HELP
FIGIITRECALL
Hired Publicity Agent of
"Committee of 500" Speaks
at Plymouth Congrega
, tional Church.
Elmer Thomas, "acting mayor
.and police commissioner." of the
" present city administration, called
upotr the women of the churc hes, in
an address yesterday morning - at
Plymouth Congregational church, to
save Mayor SmitH and Police Com
missioner Ringer from threatened
recall.'
"It now looks as though we will,
within the next 60 dnys, vote at a
recall election," he said. "I am glad
the women are voting now. Go to
the court house and register and
when the silent forces of evil bring
the issue to the polls cast your votes
, on the side of the right and of
honesty."
Mr. Thomas made this statement
after reading the names of a number
of circulators of recall petitions and
declaring thty were "ex-saloonkeep-
ers," "vagrants," "beggars," and the
like. He also mentioned Dr. R. V.
Connell, formerly city health com
missioner, as one of, the petition cir
culators. , Seek New Members.
The congregation was asked to
sign cards for membership in the
"Committee of 500."
"We are going to change the
name to the 'Committee of 5,000,'-"
said Mr. Thomas. "We expect to
have that many members soon."
Mr. Thomas was introduced by
J. K. McCombs, a member of the
church. Mr. McCombs denounced
organized labor in Omaha for
'snubbing Mayor Smith and bring
v ing down an I.W.W. from Sioux
(City to be the Labor day orator."
Elmer Thomas assatled the Oma
ha Bee lustjly for its criticism of
Mr. Ringer and Mr. Smith and
begged his audience to have pa
tience with the ctiy administration
in its honest efforts to do the right
thing.
At the close of the meeting a
woman arose and asked whether
the city administration couldn't
"boycott the papers that were op
posing it."
"Mr. Thomas replied that this
would not be advisable. And Mr.
McCombs lauded the Bee for "giv
ing publicity to our meeting."
Praises Bee Report.
wish the other papers would
give us the space that the Bee does,'
he said. "Last Sunday when Mr.
Ringer spoke here. Eddie( Black
x of the Bee reported the meeting.
If you didn't read last Mondays
Bee you missed Something."
Mr. Thomas declared that the
Omaha-police force "has existed
for 25 years on the idea that it was
to live on vice instead of suppres
sing it. When mn have hadJhat
idea it is natuural that they be not
overly alert to put down evil
doing." ,.. .
ti"The coming constitutional con
v vantion," he said, "must make , the
teaching of the Bible and Chris
tianity in the puublic schools legal."
Fewer Auto Thefts.
In the evening Mr. Thomas made
a second appeal to the women voters
. of the city, addressing the union
services of South Side churches 'at
. - Twentjthird and F streets.
"A recall election will probably
be held in the next 60 days," Mr.
Thomas said, 'and the women vot
ers should register at once."
Mr.' Thomas attacked the char
acter of the circulators of the recall
petition, lauded the detention home,
and declared that the police depart-
v..AMf l,irt Arnt awav uitti miirh
livill linu v. i. 1 1 v tj ......
crime. :
t Aa proof of this he stated that
in May 1918. 160 automobiles were
s stolen, while in May of this year
only SO were stolen.
High School Pupils
Start Registration
Todav for New Year
Registration for the new school 1
year at Central High school starts
today, with seniors reporting. Be
ginning at 8 a. m., eacn aay unm
Friday, the following schedule of
registration will be observed: Tues
day, juniors; Wednesday, sopho
mores! . Thursday, freshmen who
started during the last semester;
Friday, freshmen who will enter next
. week for theSfirst time.
The public schools will be opened
next Monday morning. The gener
al teachers' meeting will be held
:iext Saturday morning, 1 o'clock, in
First Methodist church.
Rockford College Looks
for Banner Enrollment
-1 A statement given out by Presi
dent Maddox Ot Rockf oi d college,
- indicates a surprisingly large enroll-
ment for the opening September 16.
-There are three weeks vet for stu
dents to enroll and there were only
- 22 vacancies in the domitories Sat
urday. It is expected that all vacan
cies will be filled early in September
when a waiting list will be estab
lished. The freshman class is pronounced
"the banner freshman class," as just
'00 have been admittedto date, an
excess of one-third over the fresh
man class of last year. Over 40
requests from prospective students
were made last week.
i President Bls,lsdll ot Pomon College,
'Claramont, CmL. Ttslted ths college Thurs
day. Ha to on hi! VT homo from a
trip east.
, Rv. Mr. Kuykendall ot Plymouth Con
, rracationa! church. Omaha, came to
- . Crete Saturday to set aquainted with the
collece.
: V . ilLss C. R. Dick S to home from a
visit to ber brother, R. L. Dick, ot Can
oa City. Colo. She returned to her work
' in the Carnerlellbrary. Pittsburgh. Pa.
C V. Hobson 'IS passed through Crete
on his way to his work aa teacher In
the Albion High school. Ha has lately
returned from overseas.
' II tM Martha U Clark '1 will teach la
.; the. Clay Center High school.
; The Independent Debating club has,
through the. efforts of local members,
vapored, painted and decorated a room
U Merrill for use as a club room. -
A rirKs!n room hs been added to the
equipment In Merrill Ball for the use of
tjie men.
The football schedule Is nearly full,
x Letters are coming in fast asking ion
tam-j ......... ,'
SCHOOLS
CO
Tr
JjJ asJsassssjj
EGES
Registration of State Uni.
Has Grown f rrn 130 in 1871
to 5,617 in Last Semester
While Five Teachers Taught Students 47 -Years Ago
When the University Started, Now a Faculty of 351
Looks After the Instruction More Than 800 Per
sons on Uni's Payroll.
1 By P. A. BARROWS.
When speaking of the big changes
which have taken place in Nebras
ka's capital city, one naturalyvturns
his eyes towards the state's big uni
versity, where in the 47 years of its
history the registrations have in
creased from but 130 students to
5,617 for the last year. With the
increase in the student registrations
has come a correspondingly Increase
in the number of instructors, and
while five teachers took care of the
students when the school started in
1871, now 351 teachers look after the
instruction. The pay roll of the uni
versity has swelled to over 800 per
sons. To show the steady growth of the
university in late years and also to
indicate that the first few years were
anything but encouraging, when"
after starting out with 1J0 students
the registration dropped off the
first year to 123 and then tdok a
more discouraging drop to an even
100, some figures are given. It will
be noted that for the term of 1917
and 1918, the registration dropped
from 5,275 the year before to 4,193.
This is accounted for by the fact
that the war took so many of "the
young men of the state.
Growth of Registration.
The showing is as follows:
Tears.
171-75
Registration
130
...., 1
1
V
.3
.3
123
10U
117
2S2
244
218
254
2N4
238
324
27a
211
339
334
345
8S4
488
BOO
.001
,256
,347
,299
,498
,73
,67
,022
.931
.187
,227
.153
,322
,398
,569
.744
051
119
629
,567
1872-7S
18711-74
1874-75
187B
1877
1 H78
1879
1881- 82 A.
1882- 83
1883- 84
1884- 85
1S85-86
1886- 87
1887- 88
1888- 89
1889- 90
1890- 91
ini-2
1892- 98
1893- 9
1S94-95
1895- 9S
1896- 97
1897- 98
1898- 99
1899- 1900
1900- 01
1901- 03
1902- 03
1903- 04
1904- 05 k
1905- 06
1906- 07
1907- 08
1908- 09
109-10
1910- 11
1911- 13
1912-13 3,712
1913- 14 4,062
1914- 15 4,505
1915- 16 4,739
1916- 17 5,275
1917- 18 4,193
1913-19 6,617
The university started out on a
tract of four blocks; this was a few
years ago increased to two more,
and more recently six additional
blocks on the east of the main
grounds were added.
The universit- started with. one
building known as university hall
It was erected in 1870 of common
red brick with sandstone founda
tion; also native, which, with the
trimmings and roof, cost $140,000.
The old building had in later years
been replaced with a new founda
tion and the north wing has been
remodeled. Now the old structure
is almost lost in the maze of mod
ern buildings surrounding it. While
costing $140,000 when new, it is
now estimated that its value as a
building is less than $50,000.
An estimate of the present value
pi all buildings upon the down
town campus gives an interesting
idea as to the growth and value of
the institution, and also shows the
year in which the buildings were
erected:
University hall, 1870 $ 44,000
Administration hall. 1906-O6 31,000
The Temple, 1906-07 -J1,000
Reaaev hall. 1916-17 170.000
Chemistry hall, 1916-17 tJ89,000
raecn. engineer, iua-..; jiw,uv
Law college building, 1912-13 92.000
Nebraska hall, 1887-88 15.000
Brace laboratory. 1904-05 66,000
Pharmacy hall, 1885. 30.000
Library, 1891-95 96,900
Grant Memorial hall, 1887-88 17,600
Soldiers Memorial hall 1899-90..... 24,600
Muslim. 1906 46,000
Much. Arts hall, 1897-98 24,660
Kleetrlcal laboratory, 1893-96.... s.oow
Boiler house. 1887-88 16.000
Boiler house equipment, 1889-91.. 46,000
Plant houses, 1909 39,000
Cement testing laboratory, 1898.. 500
Astronomical observatory, 1896... 600
Buildings Inder Construction.
Social Science hall 1276,000
Carpenter shop and storage 5,000
Astronomical observatory 2,590
Teachers college hall 140,000
The state university farm, a mile
cast of the math campus, is a very
interesting place. Less than a quar
ter of a century ago, this beautiful
spot was a low stretch of prairie
with a single low building as the
only structure otf the place. Now
there are 32 fine buildings covering
the main campus while the farm it
self covers many acres surrounding
all sides.
The value of the buildings upon
the university farm is at present
placed at $789,595 and is shown as
follows:
Agricultural hall, 1904-05 S 65.550
Women's building. 1908 59.000
Dairy building, 1917 175,003
Agricultural engineering, 1918.... 165,000
Plant industry. 1912-13 S4.23S
Experiment station. 1899-00 20.000
kjudglng pavilion. 1908 f- 70.000
Veterinary Building, isog 1 11,00(1
Machinery hall, 1904 8,500
Hog Cholera Serum plant. 1911-13 7.600
Tairy building (old) 1896-97.... 4.785
Horticulture building, 1904 3,000
Farm superintendent's dwelling,
M7S .t.UDO
Horticultural Flant houses, 1904.. 1.200
Insectory and Pathological green-
house. 1907-08 2,500
Botanical Plant houses, 1109 . ... 2.400
Horse barn, 1915-H 33,600
Cattle barn, 1189 4,800
Dairy barn. 1904 , S.100
Steer Feeding barn and silo,
191C-11 9,500
Hog barn for serum plant. 1916.. 6,500
New boiler house. 1916-16 26,000
Boiler house eoulpment 21,000
Old Boiler house, 1907-08 ) 9,600
Medical College in Omaha.
The above only refers to that
part of the state university located
in Lincoln. The state medical col
lege, a part of the university, is lo
cated in Omaha and is one of the
important medical universities of the
west.
Added to this might be mentioned
the North Platte experiment sta
tion, a part of the agricultural
school, which consists of 1,920
acres. Another experimental farm
at Curtis consists of 400 acres,
Iwliile a substation at Valentine of
Scottsbluff of 800 acres, completes
the real estate holdings of the state
as they relate to the university. The
buildings upon these university
holdings are estimated at present to
be worth $1,505,219.
However, there are other edu
cational interests of the state not
located in Lincoln which might be
mentioned, the four normal colleges
stationed at Peru, Kearney, Wayne
and Chadron, which form a very im
portant part of Nebraska's educa
tional work and while not located in
the capital city of the state are the
grownup children of the parent
plant and contribute greatly to the
enviable position which Nebraska
has held so long as the state hav
ing the smallest percentage of illit
eracy in the United States.
Machine shed, 1(15-16
Two machine., sheds, 1915-16
Granary, 1914
Pairy Cattle shed, 1112
Hog 'bun, 1906
Poultrjr houses and yards, 1915-16
Farm Carpenter shop
Barracks building and mess hall..
0.27S
6.276
2,000
1,800
2.000
3,160
2,400
28,160
University
Notes
The downtown campus of the
state university has been enlarged
byl the purchase of a half block
norli of U street from Tenth to
Twelfth streets. This will make
room for the proposed intramural
sports building. J. H. Humpe re
ports that only one lot remains un
purchased, and that wall be con
demned. Professor A. L. Candy and Mrs.
Candy have been spending the sum
mer at White Deer Lake, 50 miles
north of St. Paul. They have now
left this place and will visit Pitts
burgh, Pa., before returning to Lin
coln. Dr. John P. Tate and Mrs. Tate,
who was Lois Pearler, spent their
summer camping on St. Clair river
in Minnesota. Dr. Tate is a grad
uate of the University of Nebraska
and was later a member of the fac
ulty in the physical department. He
is now a professor in the University
of Minnesota.,
i
Robert Nesbitt, an alumnus of the
University of Nebraska, visited
members of the faculty this week.
He has lately been engaged in gov
ernment work and has -been in the
Iliilippines.
Dr. R. H. Wolcott, chairman of
the zoological department at the
state university, will return this
week from his vacation in Minne
sota. Dr. R. J. Pool, chairman of the
department of botany, will return
soon. He has been in New York
City and Ohio.
Paul B. Sears, who was chosen
assistant professor of botany, this
summer spent the summer quarter
in the University of Chicago attend
ing leetures in ecology and physi-
HENRY COX
SPECIALIST
x APPLIED AESTHETICS
VIOLIN and CELLO
Pboto by Skoglund.
JUNIOR HARP CLASS
Pupils Prepared for
Concert, Orchestra and Teaching.
DEPONE STUDIO,
808 Lyric Bldg. Tel. Douglas 8704.
The
Nebraska Wesleyan
University
College ot Liberal Arts.
Teachers' College.
Conservatory ot Music.
School ot Expression and Oratory.
Academy.
For Information and free bulle
tins, address
Tna Registrar, Division B,
Nebraska
Wesleyan University
University Place, Liacoln, Nab.
POPULAR MUSIC
VIA
CHRISTENSEN'S SYSTEM
Papular Music and Ragtime Piano Play bag Poeitivsly Taught in Twenty Lets on s,
Omaha Studio 4225 Cuming. Pbeaa Walnut 3379.
ology. Previous to that he was in
military service in which he re
ceived a commission.
Prof. C E: Green, who will be a
member of the faculty in the depart
ment of modern languages at the
state university, arrived in Lincoln
this past week.
Prof. J. H. Weaver has been pur
suing field work busily this summer.
He has a book on the . ecology of
roots almost ready for publication.
Professor Weaver is chiefly inter
ested in the roots of crop plants in
his latest investigations.
Prof. H. B. Latimer, whose sub
ject on the state university faculty
is vertebrate anatomy is resting
from his all-summer research work
at Hopkins, Minn.
Dr. Elda Walker has spent the
summer on barberry eradication.
Her work has taken her out over the
state, but most of her time has been
spent, neap- Lincoln. During the
last two weeks she has attended
county fairs.
Dr. P. W. Upson, chairman of
the chemistry department, has re
turned with his family from an auto
trip to Estes park vand other Colo
rado places. They were gone about
a month,.
Dr. Lova Walker has continued
through the summer her investiga
tions of the fungi which infest rasp
berries and "blackberries. A year ago
she studied the fungi on the berries
in market. During the present sea
son she has worked on the effect
of temperature on the fungi. She
finds that different fungi appear
with changed conditions in the at
mosphere and temperature. )
Boyles Foresees Record
Year in School Training
"All signs point to the biggest
year in the history of our institu
tion," says H. B. Boyles.
"Each September shows an In
crease over the preceeding year, but
I am certain that this week will see
the largest enrollment of students
for commercial study not only at
Boyles college but in other accre
dited schools as well."
The -reasons are apparent grow-v
John Stahl of the class of '09 at
the State university visited the cam
pus1 recently. He is a pathologist
and works for the fruit growers' as
sociation at Puyallup, Wash.
Miss Vera Darling of the class of
'07 at the State university' appeared
on the campus last week. She was
on her way home from Plattsburg,
where she was engaged in recon
struction work. She will teach this
year in the Washington High school
of Portland, Ore.
Miss Margaret Fedde who was
made head of the home economics
department at the 'state university,
is a Nebraska woman, having lived
here practically all her life. Her
first eSucation was received in a
country school. Later she attended
the following: Omaha High school?
graduated from Peru Normal 1907;
University of Boulder, Colorado,
one summer; graduated from the
University erf Nebraska in 1914;
teachers' college of Columbia Uni
versity, summer of 1916 and second
semester of 1918-19, specializing in
home economics.
THE MISNER SCHOOL OF THE
SPOKEN WORD.
Oratory, Dramatic 'Artr Public Speak
ing, Expression. For information, writ
THE MISNER SCHOOL OF THE
SPOKEN WORD, Dept. B. .
Studio Patterson Block, 17th and
Firnam St, Omaha. Pbon Wal. 3132.
SPALDING ACADEMY
Ideal School for Girls
Operated by the Sisters of
Dominic Full Academic and
Preparatory Courses, Science,
Business, Painting and Music,
Home Economics.
Catalogue on reouest Write
Sister Superior, Spalding, Nebraska.
(Episcopal)
Saint Mary's School
i Knoxville, Illinois
A Standard Preparatory School
and Junior College.
s For Girls 12 to 20.
52d year commences Sept. 24.
Individual attention. Home life.
Athletics and physical culture.
Thorough training.
For information write: Rev.
F. L. Carrington, LL. D., Rector,
Box B, Knoxville, UL
THE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MUSIC
Lincoln, Nebraska
TWENTY-SIXTH YEAR
BEGINS SEPTEMBER 8TH.
MUSIC" '
DRAMATIC ART
Playground Supervision and
Story Telling.
Complete Courses"tn All Depart
ments. DEGREE DIPLOMA
TEACHERS' CERTIFICATE.
Anyone may enter.
New Catalog on Request.
Address
ADRIAN NEWENS, Director
1103 R Street.
ing demand for trained office help
with consequent bigger salaries.
Again quoting Mr. Boyles: "I'd
hate to make a comparison between
the average salaries drawn by law
yers and , physicians as against
many of the jobs now being offered
to new graduates from our , school
and many of which I am unable to
fill for want of boys and girls in
sufficient numbers."
Parents should note carefully and
act accordingly whtn helping the
child in life's decision of "what to do."
Y.M.C.A.
Automotive School
New and Up-to-Date Coursa
School of Commerce.
School of Accountancy.
Technical Courses.
Special Courses
Elementary School for Men. t
School for Coming Americana.
School of Public Speaking and English.
MONDAY, SEPT. 8TH
Y. M: C. A., OMAHA, NEB.
COTNER COLLEGE
BETHANY (LINCOLN), NEBRASKA
College of Liberal Arts, Teachers' College, "Bible College,
Academy, Conservatory of Music, School of Commerce, School of
Expression, School of Art and School of Home Economics.
OUR AIM: To give to youth a thorough academic training
with special outlook on the personal equation. We seek to put
character behind a trained mind.
The fall semester begins September 16th. For catalogue or
information, address
J. H. BICKNELL, Secretary, Bethany, Nebraska.
Practical Education.
Marquette Univertity,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Co-educational. Women students ad
mitted to eourses in Law, Dentistry,
Medicine, Journalism, Science, Liters,
ture. Commerce, Accounting 'and Fi
nance and Nurslnc
Co-operative. A eo-operatlon be-,
tween the technical school and indus
tries is an accomplished fact.
Ne.deneminatienal In all Its era-
Sessional schools.
Hers theory Is supplemented by ex
perience. Marquette offers tha oppor
tunity to co-ordinate the two. Mil
waukee has S.R00 plants, representing
mors than 100 different lines of in
dustry. It greatly assists tha special
isation fostered in this; University,
Splendid 'opportunities forfeit support.
t
Day and Night Instruction.
Tuitions Low.
Begin your coursa on date given bt-
low :
Knglneering, September .
Arts and Sciences, September II.
Law, September 24.
Journalism, September 23.
Economics, September IS.
Medicine, October I.
Dentistry, October i.
Academy, September I.
Writs for Catalog. Phone, Grand 1193.
Address Rsgi(rsr
Marquette University
1115 Grand Ave.,
. Milwaukee), Wisconsin.
Begin
This Week!
This is student's decision week. Your
ultimate success in life may depend
largely upon the course you choose
now. Business education pays big
dividends, both in position and in pay.
What salary will you earn a yeaj
from today? You will earn what you
are worth, and a commercial education
makes you worth most.
BOYLES COLLEGE FALL TERM
OPENS THIS WEEK
With Courses in
Accountancy Stenetypy
Machine Bookkeeping Telegraphy
Comptometry Civil Service
Stenography and Typewriting
All ngOsa and Commercial Branches
DAY SCHOOL NIGHT SCHOOL
Boyles College
Omaha, Neb.
Council Bluff, la.
Phone Douglas 1565. Phone 576.
Your Future and Success
will be certain if preparation has been made to meet
its many opportunities.
The destruction wrought by the great war must be replaced. Devastated
countries of Europe must be restored. Demolished factories must be re
built. Shell-torn fields must be retilled. The- burden of supply is falling
on America. The call for good, red-blooded young men and young women
to meet these great commercial demands is increasingly insistent. The
reward is great. Business men in all lines are calling on us daily for trained
help. Convert your own power into success. Yon can learn with us.
Shorthand, Typewriting, Bookkeeping
and Other Commercial Subjects 1
."ve taught quickly, thoroughly and inexpensively in our Residential Col
lege, and by "Home Study" anywhere, through our Extension College.
FALL TERM OPENS SEPTEMBER 2.
Writ for Circular B today.
Omaha Business College
In New Location Third Floor, The Lyric Building,
19th and Farnam Stss"'
A. M. GEBELT, Pres.
J. H. KUHNS, See'y.
Pbon Doug. 6528.
Omaha, Neb.
Midland College
FREMONT, NEBRASKA
Gives courses in the following schools and departments:
I GRADUATE SCHOOL. 1 Divinity School. '
II COLLEGE OP LIBERAL ARTS. 1 College Preparatory.
III SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. 1 Normal Department.
(a) Life Certificate Course.
(b) Second Grade State Life Certificate.
(c) Rural Certificates.
' (d) City Certificates.
(e) Model Departments. v
1, Kindergarten; 2, Primary; 3, Fifth Grade; 4, Sixth
Grade. N
IV SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS. 1 Music; 2, Painting.
V SCHOOL OF COMMERCE.
VI SCHOOL OF HOUSEHOLD ARTS.
College Opens September 10th
Write for Catalog and Information
E. E. STAUFFER, President.
"Come to v
Omaha University"
Ytl
Non-Sectarian
Co-educational
Under fine moral and spiritual atmosphere.
Highest class co-educational college in Omaha.
Every facility possible for the physical development
of the individual excellent gymnasium and whole
some athletic spirit. ,
Courses Include:
Collega of Liberal Arts and
Science.
Teachers' Training School.
Department of Fine Arts.
Preparatory Department.
School of Law.
Pre-Medical Department. ,
Home Economic Department.
Extension Department.
NIGHT SCHOOL
Plans for $500,000 Endowment Fund.
FALL TERM Begins SepL 15th
Enlarged Faculty and toilh Improved Curriculum.
For further information write Omaha University,
Dept. B, Omaha, Nebraska.
' College Students
Nebraska needs your services as teachers in
its public schools. ' A thousand Nebraska schools
are without teachers NO The number will be
larger next year. Teachers' wages are increas
ing. The NEBRASKA 1 STATE NORMAL
SCHOOL at KEARNEY prepares you for the best
positions in the state. TUITION FREE. Ex
penses low. Large, body of enthusiastic students.
Splendid equipment. Easily accessible from all
parts of the state. Eighteen trunk-line passenger
trains per day. Six branch-line passenger trains
per day. , Faculty gives personal attention to in
dividual students and their needs. "Write for
particulars.
THE NEBRASKA STATE
NORMAL SCHOOL
KEARNEY
NEBRASKA
i
s
m
m
6
m
mi
m
II
PI
I?
fe
If
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fe
THE RIGHT SCHOOL!
Where Can I Find It?
Here is an oft-repeated question puzzling to parents, ,
as well as to children. A question of vital importance to
the welfare of your child. The selection of a school' is
worthy of your highest consideration. "
The Bee's School and College
Information Bureau
In conjunction with
The Ask Mr. Foster Service
oUhe Balcony of the Burgess-Nash Store,
will aid in the RIGHT selection of the RIGHT school. Our abundant infor
mation is at your command at all times. Inquire at ANY TIME about
ANY SCHOOL.
JUST ANOTHER WAY THE BEE
SERVES ITS READERS BEST.
v
5' I
A, X:.
. -a A.
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ii
1-1
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