4 C
THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: ' JULY 20, 1919.
George Washington and Thomas Jefferson
Their Views on a League of Nations . -
- r By H. RT SPENCER r
V
The Alley Garage
' While the question is under con
jideration whether the league of na-
" (ions treaty should be ratified or not
by the United States senate, it is in
teresting to, note the attitude toward
alliances with European countries, of
two of the early -presidents of the
" United States George Washington
and Thomas Jefferson, whose theory
of government in many respects -was
the prototyle of the two prevailing
political parties of today.
While George Washington ' and
Thomas Jefferson differed on -many
points of governmental policy, they
entertained the same yjews on the
subject of alliances with -European
: countries.
In his farewell address to the peo-
- pie of the United States, President
Washington said:
Washington's Address. .
. "Against the insidious wiles of for
eign influence, the jealousy of a free
people ought to be constantly awake,
since history and experience prove
that foreign influence is one of the
the most baneful foes of republican
government. The great rule of con
duo for us in regard to foreign na
tions is, in extending our commercial
relations, to have as littije polit
ical connection as possible. Europe
has a set of primary interests which
to us have none, or a very remote,
relation. Therefore, it must be un
wise in us to implicate ourselves by
artificial ties in the ordinary vicissi
tudes of her politics, or the ordinary
combinations and collisions of her
friendships or enmities.
"Why forego the advantage of so
' peculiar a situation (as ours)? Why
.' quit our own to stand upon foreign
ground? Why, by interweaving our
destiny with that of any part of Eu
rope, entange our peace and pros
perity in the toils of European am
bition: rivalry, interest or caprice?
"It js obr true policy to steer clear
of permanent alliances with any por
tion of the foreign world,"
Stand By Jefferson.
The attitude which the United
States should take toward European
countries was more forcibly, and
more 'frequently, expressed by
Thomas Jefferson. In a letter to El
bridge Gary, he says:
"I am for free commerce with all
nations, political connections with
none. I am not for linking our
selves by ' new treaties with the
quarrels of Europe, or entering that
field of slaughter to preserve their
balance, or joining in 'their confed
eracy of kings to war against the
principles of liberty."
In a letter to E. Carrington, he
says: . ' . ' '
"It is a maxim with us, and J think
it a wise one, not to entangle our
selves with the affairs of Europe."
In a letter to T. Lomax, under
date of March, 1799, Jefferson
writes:
"Insincerely join you in abjuring
all political connection with every
foreign power, and, though I cor
dially wish well to the progress of
liberty in all nations, and would for
ever give 'it the weight of our coun
tenance, yet they are nnt to be
touched without contamination from
their other bad principles."
Commerce Only. . . .
In a letter to Edward Rutledge,
in 1797, Jefferson writes:
"As to everything" except com
merce, we ought to divorce our
selves from all . foreign alliances.
This system will require time, tem
per and occasional sacrifice of in
terest, and how far all of these will
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be ours, our children may see, but
we shall not."
In a letter to John Taylor, in
1798, he says:
"Better keep together as we are,
hands off from Europe, as soon as
we can, and from all attachments to
anv oorttons of it.
In a letter to George Logan, un
der date of March, 1801, Jefferson
writes:
"To take part in European con
flicts would be to divert our energies
from creation to destruction It
ought to be the very first object of
our pursuit to nave notning 10 oo
with European interests and poli
tics. Let them be free, or slaves, at
will; navigators or agriculturists;
swallowed into one government, or
divided into a thousand, we have
nothing to fear from them in any
form." "
In a letter to Philip Maze!, writ
ten in July, 1804,. Jefferson says:
"It is against our system to em
barrass ourselves with treaties, or
to entangle ourselves at all with the
affairs of Europe.
"We believe that with nations, as
with individuals, dealings may be
carried on as advantageously, per
haps more so, while their continu
ance depends on voluntary good
treatment, as if fixed by a contract
which, when it becomes injurious to
either, is made by forced construc
tions to mean what suits thm, and
becomes a cause of war instead of
a bond of peace."
Alliances With None.
In his first address address, Presi
dent Jefferson said:
"Honest friendship with all na
tions, entangling alliances with none,
I deem one of the essential principles
of our government, and, consequent
ly, one which ought to shape its ad
ministration." In a letter to Thomas Paine, writ
ten in 1801, he says:
"Determined as we are to 'avoid if
possible wasting the energies of our
people in war and destruction, we
should avoid implicating ourselves
with the powers of Europe, even in
support of principles which we mean
to pursue. They have so many other
interests different from ours that we
must avoid being entangled in them."
lo Thomas Leiper, in 1885, he
writes:
"The less we have to do with the
amities br enmities of Europe, the
better."
In a letter to J. Coma, in 1820, he
says :
All entanglements with that quar
ter of the globe (Europe) should be
avoided if we mean that peace and
justice shall be the polar star of the
American societies. The fundamental
principle of our government is never
to entangle us with the broils of
Europe."
In a letter to George Logan, writ
ten in 1801, Jefferson says:
"I join you in a sense of the
necessity of restoring freedom to the
ocean, but I doubt with you whether
the United States ought to join in an
armed confederacy for that purpose.
, )
' . ... . .
---JyfioiiwBS to eNooftHciEftrKfc- J-r :
, S"" I UlKlE SHE- I S" 1 ( AND NUMPCI? OHfc.y V(, -
Dipvnu use -Nr r Firit- caonssr
8US-HS JUST OEBH THETRlMCiPH. Iftf vtvfc
or rather, I am satisfied they' ought
not.
Interests Different.
In a letter to President Monroe, in
1820, long after Jefferson had retired
to the quietude of private life, and
with opportunity of reflection on the
plan and operation of our constitu
tional form of government,' he
writes:
"I have ever deemed it fundamen
tal for he United States never to
take active part in the quarrels of
Europe; their political interests are
entirely distinct frfm ours; their
mutual jealousies, their balance of
power, their complicated alliances,
their forms and principles of gov
ernment, are all foreign to us; they
are nations of eternal war.
In a letter to Baron Von Hum
boldt, written in December, 1813,
Jefferson says: ,
"European nations constitute a
separate division of the globe; their
treaties make them part of a distinct
system; they have a set of interests
F. O. B. Factory -M Jfev; f
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of their own, in which it is our busi
ness never to engage ourselves.
"America has a hemisphere to it
self; it must have its separate sys
tem of interests, which must not be
subordinated to those of Europe."
In an address at Washington, May
6, 1914, President Wilson spoke in
terms that should appeal to every
patriotic American. He said:
"America should live her own life.
Washington saw it when he wrote
his farewell address. It was not
merely because of passing and tran
sient circumstances that Washington
said that we must, keep from entang
ling alliances; it was because he saw
that no country had yet set its face
in th? same direction which America
had set her face. We cannot form
alliances with those who are not go
ing our way. We need not, and we
should not, form alliances with any
nation in the world. Those who are
right, those w,ho hold their honor
higher than theih advantage, do not
need alliances."
Refused England's Offer.
During the administration of Pres
ident Monroe the government of
Great Britain addressed a communi
cation to the United States in which
it sought to join hands with this
country in'a sort of protectorate over
the western continent, to the effect
that the United States and England
should issue a joint declaration an
nouncing that while the two govern
ments desired for themselves no por
tion of the Spanish-American colon
ies, then in revolt against Spain,
they would not view with indiffer
ence any foreign intervention in
their affairs. This proposition to
join England in a league of two na
tions was declined by President
Monroe. He took the position that
the United States alone is most in
terested in the affairs of the western
continent, and, in a message to con
gress, under 'date of December 2,
1823, said:
"With the movements on this
hemisphere, we are of necessity more
immediately connected, and by more
causes, which must be obvious to all
enlightened and impartial observers.
We owe it, therefore, to candor and
to the amicable relations existing be
tween the United States and these
(European) powers to declare thai
we should consider any attempt on
their part to extend their systems to
any portion of this hemisphere as
dangerous .to our peace and safety.
"We could not view any interposi
tion for the purpose of oppressing
them (American countries) or con
trolling in any other manner their
destiny by any European power, in
any other light than asthe manifes
tation of an unfriendly disposition
toward the United States.
"Our policy in regard to Europe,
which was adopted at an early stage
of. the wars which have so long agi- j
tated that quarter of the globe, nev- j
ertheless remains the same which i
is, not to interfere in the internal
concerns of any of its powers.
"It is impossible that the allied
powers should extend their political
system to any portion of either con
tinent without endangering our
peace and happiness."
Ibis is the language ot i nomas
Jefferson in a letter to President
Monroe.
Should Stand Alone.
"Our first and fundamental maxim
should be never to entangle our
selves in the broils of Europe; our
second, never to suffer Europe to in
termeddle with cis-Atlantic affairs.
America, north and south, has a set
of interests distinct from those of
Europe, and peculiarly its own. It
should, therefore, have a system of
its own, separate and apart from that
of Europe." I
Railroad Swindler Runs ,:
School of Grime in Omaha
m . i mi f
Claim Agent Discovers Organized Plan to Defraud
Company on. Fake Claims for Damages Due to
Personal Injuries to Employes.
At times during their existence,
in all great cities there have been
schools maintained where crooks
have taught to both young and old
the nroDer methods to adopt in
order to become experts in the com
miceirtti r( rritn Prfi1imablv OmS
ha has not been-an exception to he
rule. However, one of these schools
was recently forced to close its
doors, immediately after whith the
master in charge sought otner
fields.
Until a few months ago railroads
were swamped with personal injury
claims of parties afflicted with rup
tures and hernia. They were com
ing in thick and fast and the rail
roads were settling their claims.
Sam Peterson, general claim agent
for the Union Pacific, ordered the
payment of a number of claims of
track men, who contended tnai
while working out on the lines, by
reason of the hard work exacted of
them, they were sufferers from rup
ture and hernia. Finally the claims
became so numerous that Peterson
started an investigation and the
outcome of that investigation was
that during the last six months not
a man afflicted with rupture or
hernia Hias put in an appearance
along the lines of the Overland system.
In pursuing his investigations,
Peterson discovered that here in
Omaha there was being maintained
a school where those attending as
students were instructed in the art
of beating a railroad. Men who had
previously contracted hernia, or
who had been ruptured were hunted
for both high and low, the school
master paying a premium for the
names of all such. They were
brought to Omaha, and obtained
positions with the Union Pacific
as track and section men. for a
few davs thev did their work well
and then came the inevitable hernia.
or rupture. IA each instance it wa
a clear case against, the company.
By some hook or crook, Petersos
was admitted to the school as i
student. There he learned how tht
railroad company with which he wa ,
connected was being cheated bj '
sharpers. With this information, hi
told the "master" that unless he
closed his school and left town in
side of 24 hours he would be look
ing through the bars. The "schooi
master" needed only half of this
time, for inside of 12 hours he was
gone and his whereabouts have not
since been discovered. As a result
of the "school" closing, it has been
weeks since a hernia, or rupture,
damage claim has been presented to
the Union Pacific.
Splicing Fuel Pipe.
Cut the ends of the pipes to be
joined on a bevel, being sure to
bevel them alike so that they will
make a tight juncture. This can be
accomplished with a hack saw and
a hie. clean the ends of the pipes
with sandpaper and then place them
together. Next wind No. 18 copper
wire, or door bell wire, with insula
tion removed, over the splice, being
sure to wind tight, and close to
gether. Solder with flame or iron
and sweat solder in between the
wires and on end of winding. This
makes a strong splice and one that
will last.
Drop Light Arrangement.
A convenient arrangement for tak
ing r.p slack in drop light cords is
to put the cord on two pulleys
placed at convenient locations. The
cord should be fastened at two
places to pieces of heavy twine,
clothes line will do, and then a
weight is .hung orweach end of the
line. The cord as suspended from
these lines will be just long enough
to hold the lam off thc.floor.
Clogged Oil Pipe.
It is: possible to clear out a Ford
oil pipe which has become clogged
by taking off the front gear plate,
which ' discloses the can gear, and
this is removed with a puller, Now
the end of the pipe is exposed, and
to this an air hose is connected, the
air is turned on and the obstruction
is blown Out. Without thi. little
tricK it necessary to tear down
the engine to get at an obstruction
of this kind.
Cutting Glass Circles.
It is possible to break out circles
of, glass, such as lenses for head
lights, bv making a number of '
straight cuts from the edge of the
glass and breaking these sections
out one at a time. Be careful not
to cut inside the line of the circle
to be cut
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