5H
a
THE ENEMY
Dr. Henry Campbell Black, Editor of "The Constitutional
Review," States Evidenced Designs' of the Bolsheviki Upon
World and'Outlines Their Progress in This and Other Countries
llr UK. HKMIV AMI'UKIX BLACK.
(Dr. Mark Ik nMnr at "The Conatitu
tlnnnl Rfvlrw." pnlillnlird at Washing
ton, l. ('., nml oni- of the moot authnri-
tnllre writers on legal subject In thli
eountry.)
What is I)olshevism? A Russian
'.'Woman lately said that it was not
a theory, but a behavior. It is true
that it is pot so much a school of
: political philosophy as a career of
7 jprinie. It makes its specious ap
'( peal on behalf of the poor and op
pressed, but it arms them with fire
' and sword. Its red banner is the
. symbol of destruction. It is the
".enemy of the human race, it ae-
y ("ives "its numerjcal strength from
"'(he criminal class which infest the
Underworld of every civilized com
V ntunity, -and from the great mass
pf 'potential criminals, who are re
strained only by fear of the law, and
'who are ready to break out into
''.predatory and homicidal activities
ias soon as anarchy has swept away
' r llie punitive power of justice. To
these, of course, in countries such
' ? ..as Russia and Germany, must be
added, as easily gained recruits, the
&iineounted numbers of men of the
' nrnletariat. rendered desperate and
? disheartened by the sufferings of
' the war. bv unremitted toil, famine
' nd pestilence. But bolshevism de
i1 rives its inspiration its motive
Vfwwernor only , from astute- and
' unscrupulous rogues, Jut also from
idiirited but 'misguided fanatics,
. ;from sentimentalists, from sopho-
moric editors.Vand from occasional
k words of encouragement dropped
"f. i1olit.t! in hiirh nlares. heedless
hf the terrib e forces tneir utter-
v, ances may evoke.
! If it is a theory at all. bolshevism
' means the dictatorship of the pro:
lctanans. The industrial and agri
"cultural laborers and peasants must
be vested with supreme and uncon
, trolled power. There shall be no
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government but their will, no laws
but the resolutions of their commit
tees. The peasants shall own all the
land, and the workers all the fac
tories. All other wealth shall be
confiscated and either divided
among the now dominant class or
held in community. There shall be
no courts of justice; a soviet will
hear disputes, impose fines, and
sentence to death. The newspapers
must be suppressed. All the rest of
the men, women and children in the
nation are classed as the "bour
geoisie." Class Hatred.
So far we have a theory which
has advanced one step beyond an
archy. It is class-hatred and a
class-war. But at least there is one
class which is supposed to dominate
and direct the state. But if the be
sotted rank and file of this sanguin
ary cult imagine themselve'S to be
masters of other men or even of
their own fate, they are ignorant of
the intention of their leaders. There
is to be a dictatorship of the prola
tariat, it is true, but the few who
are in the lead intend to dictate to
the dictators. Leninein his address
to the "All-Russian Soviet congress
did not hesitate to say: "How can
we secure a strict unity of will. By
subjecting the will of thousands to
the will of one," . .
What bolshevism has already done
in Russia is too long and too pain
ful a story for repetition here. The
revolutionists have confiscated the
land, the banks, the mills and factories;-
they have repudiated the
public debt; they have, perpetrated
robbery, murder, arson, public and
private pillage, on a scale to which
history records no parellel. Every
where it is the same paralysis of
industry, ruin of commerce, theft,
cruelty, assassination of their in
nocent victims by the uncouted
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WITHIN AMERICA'S
thousands, starvation, Heath, chaos.
They have abolished all thefunda
mental principles of liberty and civ
ilization. Notwithstanding these
facts, there are still some exceed
ingly foolish persons in America
who are doing no little harm by
praising Trotsky and their cut
throat associates as men of lofty
ideals, striving for the regeneration
of the earth.
"Including the United States."
There is this much truth in it, that
they have taken the round world as
the field for their operations. They
mean that their doctrines and their
practices shall prevail in every coun
try of the earth, including the United
States. An eminently trustworthy
witness before the senate investigat
ing committee, who was recently at
tached to the staff of the American
embassy at Petrograd, testified as
follows:
"They are working with all the
devilishness they have to spread
their doctrines throughout the
wcrld. As late as November 18, last,
Lenine said in Moscow that they had
sympathizers with great organiza
tions behind them in Scandinavia, in
Germany, in England, and in France.
He also named this country as one
of the targets they were aiming at.
On another occasion and within the
last few weeks, Lenine said that this
year will decide whether or not bol
shevism is to triumph in other parts
of the world."
Throughout Central Europe, the
atmosphere of defeat and discour
agement, the reactions caused by
the prolonged sufferings of the war
and the toppling of the thrones cf
emperors, kings and princelets. leav
ing the formation of new govern
ments to, be a mere scramble fcr
power, created an ideal opportunity
for the spread of the red propagan-.
da. Jt was a case or the house
swept and garnished, and there en
tered the seven devils of bolshevism.
In December, a w'ell-informed corre
spondent telegraphed in" these
words: "Up through the European
chaos is surely creeping the menace
of bolshevism not socialism, but
that bolshevism which is the re
vengeful shadow of reckless, modern
materialism. The memory of what
happened in Berlin is still fresh in
our minds. The insurrection of the
Spartacans (as the German boi
shevists called themselves) was put
down by force, but only after the' de
struction of millions of dollars'
worth of property, the loss of sev
eral hundred lives, the wounding of
at least 1,000 persons. Superior
force prevailed, because a bolshevist
with arms is out to kill, and while he
is never open to argument, his flesh,
is pervious to machine-gun bullets.
Spreading Over Europe.
Meanwhile the insidious virus is
working in the veins of other peo-
HIT
1
pies. Roumania flames up in revolt.
Bolshevist propagandists have been
very active there. There is a for
midable riot in Bucharest. The pal
ace is besieged; the royal family are
fired upon and the king is wounded.
In Switzerland there is 'discovered
a hotbed of intrigue. Attempts are
made to corrupt that self-respecting
people by the circulation of inflam
matory literature, by personal can
vassing, by the lavish use of money,
by threats and by diplomatic ultima
tums from Petrograd. With great
difficulty Switzerland escapes the
net, but not without alarming and
insistent demands for the revision
of the Swiss constitution.. There
are outbreaks in Portugal preced
ing, but not connected with the at
tempted royalist counter-revolution.
The Scandinavian kings are clinging
desperately to their tottering
thrones. The soviet government
maintains an envoy at Stockholm,
apparently abundantly supplied with
money and everything else he needs
for his task of regenerating Sweden.
Red-flagged bolshevik propagan
da ships actually anchor in Copen
hagen harbor. In Norway there are
practically no moderate socialists.
Bolshevism dominates the. official
socialist party and sits supreme in
the socialist headquarteis. Tne
bolsheviki, of course, demanded
Haakon's overthrow, and of course
also the formation of'soldiers and
workmen's councils, which would
hold all power. But the lact that
all Norwegian socialists are bol
shevik frightened all Norwegians
who are not socialists, and as a re
sult they turnedi out sohdiy at the
autumn general election and voted
for the conservatives."
There can be no doubt whatever
that the recent outbreak of. most
menacing strikes in London and
elsewhere in England was stimu
lated, if not actually caused, by the
active agents of the boishevists,
who, as was" well known, had been
circulating among the workers and
spreading their pernicious doctrines.
And in Ireland, to add to the dis
tractions of that unhappy people, a
secret, underground, but very active
propaganda of Russian revolution
ism is at work. It is described by a
correspondent as "a case of crime
camouflaged as politics. It is a
case of crime seeking a chance to
lay foundations for its work by tak
ing advantage of democracy's tradi
tional passion for liberty.'' And in
France, the other day, if the cow
ardly hand which aimed a blow at
the life of the venerated Clcmenceau
was not guided from Russia, at least
its dastard act was prompted by a
bolshevist heart.
"What Xre the Limits?"
Who shall set limits to the ambi
tions of such men as Lenine and
Trotsky? A dispatch from London
advises that: "That Russian bolshe-
vikgf vernment for a long time has
oeen organizing an extensive prupa
ganda for revolutions in China, In-
dia and Persia, and is now ready, as
soon as the opportunity offers, to
send agents with large sums ot
money to stir up trouble through
out Asia." Does all this seem very
remote from sane and liberty-loving
America? Well, let us bring the
tableau a little nearer home.
In the middle of January, general
strikes, accompanied by rioting, or
ganized attacks on churches, con
vents, hotels, and public buildings,
broke out in Buenos Aires. The dis
order was suppressed, the military
and police forces being aided, so we
read, bv several hundred student
volunteers, a machine gun company,
and patrols of "civilian guards with
rifles and drawn revolvers." But
about 800 persons lost their lives,
and not less than 5,000 were injured,
of whom 1,500 received treatment in
the hospitals.
It was purely and simply a bolshe
vist uprising. There was an elabor
ate plan to overthrow the existing
governments in both Argentina and
Urugugy, and to set up soviet gov
ernments in both countries. So sure
were the conspirators of their suc
cess that they had already selected
the chief officials for their new
states. And these men, by the way,
were among those put under arrest.
And what was Argentina's answer
to this violent assault upon her in
tegrity and peace? Let the sitnple
words of a press dispatch from
Buenos Aires answer: "Fourteen
hundred prisoners charged with
maximalist activities are on board
a cruiser here awaiting deportation.
The majority of them are Russian
Jews."
Organized Anarchy.
Still nearer to the United States
creeps the black shadow of organ
ized anarchy and crime. No, that is
a mistake. It is already upon us.
The poison is in our blood this day.
And it must be admitted with shame
that there was already a taint which
permitted the deadly infusion. There
are not wanting prophets to tell lis
that bolshevism can gain no head
way in the United States; that our
workintmen are prosperous and
level-headed: that our socialists are
of the "parlor" or innocuous vari
ety; that the common sense of the
American people is sturdy enough
to withstand the baleful effects of
the lethal dose. But have we no I.
W. W.? Have we no criminal and
potent-ally 'criminal classes? The
state socialist convention in Illinois
demands that the American govern
ment shall immediately recofrivze
the bolshevik government of Russia.
The, state socialist convention in
Minnesota adopts resolutions in
dorsing the oolicies of the Russian
bolsheviki. . The state socialist con
vention in New York "greets with
joy and. confidence the Russian
soviet socialist federated republic,
thfe first socialist republic in the
world." And the Pennsylvania state
sociat-'st convention, cables to Lcire
and his gang, "Your achievement is
cur inspiration." Are these thincs
evidence of socialistic mansuetude?
j And let it not be forgotten that in
spite qt tne withdrawal trom the
party of many men who could not
stomach such ' utterances as those
cpaoted,, the socialist party has
grown enormously during the war.
And outside its ranks, how many
Americans are there who secretly or
openly sympathize with bolshevist
ideas? We shall never know until
they are in jail.
The Russian propaganda is in our
midst and is actively at work. A
certain scoundrel named Radek, who
conducts the bolshevist bureau for
this purpose lately boasted to an
American correspondent abroad that
"thi money sent to Berlin to finance
the revolution -was nothing com
pared to the funds transmitted to
New York for the purpose of spread
ing bolshevism .. in the United
States." A witness before the sen
ate committee described a meeting
in the Chicago Coliseum, where an
audience cheered -"the names of
Lenine and Trotsky for five minutes,
as also every comment by speakers'
to the effect that America would be
the next nation to-adopt th toviet
system of government. .
Five Groups.
But this is not all, nor the half.
The Associated Press dispatches of
January 6 carried a statement that
agents of the Department of Justice
in Ney York City had been as signed
to the work of, frustrating the activ-l
ities of the five groups of bolsheviki
which had established headquarters
there. It was added that the spread
of their specific doctrines had be
come "alarming." A deputy attor
ney general of New York, at the
same time, stated that his depart
ment had unearthed evidence that
secret agents of Lenine and Trotsky
had reached the city with a fund of
nearly $500,000 to be used for their
propaganda purposes. (So Radek's
boast was not in vain.)
The Washington Meeting.
But the climax of audacity was
reached when bolshevist agitators
held a meeting on a Sunday after
noon in one of Washington's largest
theaters, within sight of the capital
and within a stone's throw of the
White House. The advertised pur
pose' of this meeting was to tell
"The Truth About Russia," but the
truth about Russia was very suc
cessfully concealed. The speakers
devoted themselves to praising and
advocating bolshevism in preference
to the American system of democ
racy. Our institutions and forms of
government were the subject of
pointed disparagement. The prin
cipal speaker declared that the pro-'
pie would want a soviet system in
stituted in America when it was
seen how admirably it worked. He
remarked: America sooner or later
is' going to accept the soviet gov
ernment, and when America dis
cards some of the ideas current m
the papers, it will not find it so dif
ficult to swallow." The audieilce
packed the theater to its utmost
capacity, and, we are told, was
"wildly demonstrative." Outbursts
of applause were frequent. Shouts
of "Hurrah for the bolsheviki I" re
sounded. At least three members of
congress were in the audience, and
one of them made a speech from
a box, calling for the immediate
withdrawal of the American troops
from the north of Russia, a propo
sition which the meeting deliriously
approved.
The chairman of this meeting and
introducer of the speakers was Jud
son King, of Washington. King is
secretary of the National Popular
Government league.
The chief speakers at the meeting
referred to were Albert Rhys Wil
liams and a woman known as Louise
Bryant, though she is the wife cf
one John Reed. Both Reed and his
wife (recently in Russia) were very
close to the bolshevist leaders in
Petrograd and spent much fime at
their headquarters. Williams is the
chief apologist of the Russian revo
lutionaries in this country, and came
here from Russia, with a commis
sion to conduct their campaign of
propaganda in the United States. He
has lately made addresses in many
cities, and it is alleged that more
than 100,000 copies of a pamphlet on
bolshevism written bv him have been
distributed iwthis country.
Storm of Indignation.
The incident referred to arouse;!,
we are glad to say, a storm of popu
lar and congressional indignation.
Almost immediately the matter was
made the subject of strong denuncia
tion in the senate, and a searching
investigation by a special committee
was ordered. In the course of the
debate. Senator Thomas of Colorado
gave the American people plain and
solemn warning of the danger that
besets them. "Unless the people of
this country," said he, "the plain,
law-abiding, middle-class- people,
realize, and realize very soon, the
fact that there is a conspiracy, usu
ally -secret but frequently open,
working for the overthrow of the
government of the United States
and to erect upon its ruins a so
called government of murderers, an
archists, thieves, and criminals, with
here and there some honest but de
luded individual among them, the
avalanche may be upon them in the
near future."
John Reed.
John Reed was also examined by
the senate committee. The cynical
frankness of his testimony prompts
the remark that men of "his stripe
'find their immunity onlv in the
amazing carefessness and incurable-
optimism of the American people.
He described himself as a revolu
tionary socialist, and Jold the com
mittee that he was a firm advocate
of a revolution in tly United States,
although "inot necessarily" by force.
He believed that the bolshevik re
gime in Russia was "doing great
-work." He freely admitted that he
was employed ty the "international
revolutionary propaganda bureau of
the bolshevist ministry -of foreign
affairs," and that he expected to
start an "information bureau" in
New York soon, adding that "t!it-re
are sonie wealthy women in New
York who have nothing else to
GATES
do - with their money." lie was
asked if he had made a statement
in a speech at Yonkers a few days
before, that "3,000,000 rifles are in
the hands of 3,000,000 Russian work
men, and soon 3,000,000 rifles will
be in the hands of American work
men to do the same thing that is
being done in Russia." His answer
was that he "could not recall" such
a statement.
Then came the general strike in
Seattle. It was prompted by the
I. W. W., the radical socialists, and
the large recent accessions of work
ingmen from Russia. These ele
ments were able to sway organized
labor. Their plan was for the es
tablishment of a soviet government
which should be the exact duplicate
of that prevailing in Russia. They
looked far beyond the local field.
They thought their torch had lit a
flame which would sweep the entire
United States.
"What Are We to Do?"
What are we going to do about it?
The menace is great; the crisis is im
minent. And let thanks be given
again that at last America is wak
ing up. prom , every side we hear
voices of warning and of protest.
Meetings and resolutions are the
necessary preliminaries to effective
action, because they record popular
conviction.
If our laws are inadequate to deal
with the situation, new laws must
be made. And they are on the way.
Bills are pending in congress to pro
hibit, under very severe penalties,
the display of the red flag of an
archy and of all acts and counsels
of violence directed against the gov
ernment of the land. It would be
well if the amendment to the espion
age act, known as the sedition law,
which expires with the termination
of the war, were made a permanent
part of our statutes. Then, we must
thoroughly purge our, country of
these vipers of bolshevism. This,
too, is on the way. William B. Wil
son has very recently said: "It is
my intention as secretary of labor,
now that the unusual danger of sea
travel is over, to carry out the clear
provisions of the law; first, because
it is my sworn duty to do so, and
second, because any foreigner who
comes to this'country and advocates
the overthrow of our form of gov
ernment by force is an invading en
emy, who is treated with great leni
ency when he is simply deported to
the land from which he came."
Seven or eight thousand undesirable
aliens are to be deported from the
United States at the earliest possible
opportunity. That their deporta
tion will be wholesome is shown by
the recent removal of a small group
of 54 to Ellis Island, under a guard
of soldiers, while they rent the air
with their shouts of "three cheers
for the bolsheviki 1" and "to hell with
America!"
Public Opinion.
But what can we do with our
"parlor boishevists," who are Amer
ican citizens and cannot be de
ported and who take pains to keep
just within the limit of the law?
There is but one medicine for them.
Let every citizen make it his busi
ness to tell each one of them, as
fast as they come to light, and in
unvarnished terms, that their fellow
citizens execrate and detest them.
Laws, however salutary and how
ever sharply armed with penal pro
visions, are of but little effect unless
Stam da'rd
'.'";-:'.L
War Veteran With the
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Russell W. Genfld-, one of the
89th division, after one year's serv
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ahead of his division Gcntzter par
ticipated in St. Mihiel and Arsonne
offensives.
After leaving the university of
Nebraska, Mr. Gcntzler joined the
staff of the American Old Line and
prior to going to France was man
ager for North Dakota. He will de
vote his entire time to executive and
organization work with the Ameri
can Live Stock Insurance company.
backed by an aroused, alert and de
termined public opinion, expressing
itself in clear tones, and co-operating
in every possible way in the in
forcemcnt of the laws. That is
what America needs above all things
just now. This is the affair of every
one of the citizens of the United
States who believe in the institu
tionsu the traditions, and the gov
ernment established long ago upon
the sure foundation of justice and
ordered liberty, and which have
made our nation mighty and pros
perous. Public opinion must be brought to
a focus and provided with organs
through which to function. What
ever we do, let us not procrastinate.
The poison is in our veins. Let us
make haste to eject it and to fortify
ourselves against the plague.
The various trades in Ecuador are
fairly well organized and by this
means have considerable improved
wages. For example, carpenters,
masons, etc., now receive $1.46 or
2414 cents per day more than for
merly. Among the unskilled classes,
however, wages have not changed
to any appreciable extent. Agricul
tural laborers receive from 15 to 31
cents a day and house servants
average $9.4 per month.
The ranking industries in Barce
lona, Spain, are textile, cork, wine
making, machinery and shipbuilding,
oil pressing, shoemaking, chemical,
mining, cement and agricultural industries.
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American Motion Picture
Manufacturers Hope to Reap
Big Trade Results From
Oriental Countries.
Los Angeles. With the endinf
of the war a drive is being con
i ducted from the city by niotioa
picture producers with the idea oi
' opening a market for American
made films in the Orient and th
Antipodes. It is estimated thai
5,000 miles of smiles and tears in
.film ( form will leave Los Angeles
during the latter part of 1919 and
the first part of 1920 for oriental
markets as well as markets south ol
the equator.
A recent film survey made for the
benefit of picture magnates showed
that the pictures of Mary Pickford
are in special demand in Australia,
New Zealand and Japan. The4
antics of Douglas Fairbanks and the
capers of Charlie Chaplin are of
great interest to the Chinese, who
in the interior view the pictures in
the open-air theatre after dark. In
New Zealand where the native .
Maoris are partial to Mary Pickford,
the audience watch the little star by
standing on their chairs as men fre
quently do at prize fights in this
country and when little Mary
appears to be in danger they shout
advice to her. Because of the many
dialects of the natives itis impossi
ble to translate the sub-titles and
the natives are able to interpret thf
plays through the language of the
eye bnly.
The Washington state legislature
has passed aw anti-injunction law
which includes the federal Clayton
law declaring that the labor of hu
man beings is not a commodity. The
act recognizes the right of work
men to bargain collectively, and
prohibits courts in that state from is
suing injunctions against strikers un
less it is shown that irreparable dam
age to property rights is impending.
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IGHT
I
