iiiu xvo unit Aun. u( .& t X s
by Treaty
Huns Lose Wide Strips of Territory
Great Document Given to
... . -
Germans By the Allies
Realigns World's Nations
j y -j ,,, ,
Hun Army and Navy Shprn of Power, League of Na
. tions Springs Into Being and France and Belgium
Given Reparation for Losses Suffered. "y '
NEW YORK, May 7. Follow
ing ii the official digest of the
peace treaty handed to the
German delgates at Versailles, today
and furnished to the press here by
the committee on public informa
tion: The preamble names as parties of
the one part the United States, the
British empire, France, Italy and
designated as the five great allied
and associated powers and Bel-
fitim, Bolivia, Brazil, China,
apart," designated Brazil, China,
Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti,
the Hadjaz, Honduras, Liberia, Nic
rauga, Panama, Peru, Poland, Por
tugal, Roumania, Serbia, Siara,
Czecho-Slovakia and Uruguay, who
with the five above are described as
the aljied and, associated powers,
and on the other part, Germany.
It states that: Bearing in mind
that on the request of the then im
perial German government, an armi
stice was granted on November 11,
1918, by the principal allied and as
sociated powers in order that a treaty
of -peace might be concluded with
her, and whereas the allied and as
sociated powers being equally de
sirous that the war in which they
were, successfully involved directly
or indirectly and which originated
in the declaration of war by Austria
Hungary on July 28, 1914, against
Serbia, the declaration of war by
Germany against Russia on August
1, 1914, and against France oniAu-
fust 3, 1914, and in he invasion of
elgium, should be replaced by a
firm, just and durable peace, the
plenipotentiaries, having communi
cated their full powers found in
good and duel form have agreed as
follows: v f
From tile coming into force of the
present treaty (the state of war will
terminate. From the moment and
subject to the provisions of this
treaty official relations with Ger
many,' and witH each of the German
states, will be resumed by the allied
and associated powers.
Section One is League Covenant.
Qortiin 1 T eao-ne of nation. The
covenant of the league of nations
constitutes section one of the peace
treaty, which places upon the league
many specific duties in addition to
its general duties.
It may question Germany at any
time for a violation of the neutral
ized zone, east of the Rhine as a
threat against the world peace. It
will appoint three of the five mem
bers of the Saar commission, over
see its regime, and carry out the
plebiscite. It will appoint the high
commissioner of Danzig, guarantee
the independence of the free city
and arrange for treaties between
Danzig and Germany and Poland.
It will work out the mandatory
system to be applied to the former
German colonies, and act as a final
court in part of the plebiscites of
the Belgian-German frontier, and in
disputes as to the Kiel canal, and
decide certain of the economic and
financial problems.
To Call Labor Conference. "
An international conference on
labor is to be held in October- un
der its direction, and another on the
international control of ports, water
ways and railways, is foreshadowed.
Membership The members of the
league will be Ihe signatories of the
covenant, and other states will be
invited to acceed, who must lodge
a declaration of accession without
reservation within two months. A
new state, dominion or colony may
be submitted provided its admission
is agreed by two members of the
assembly. As state may withdraw
upon giving two years' notice, if it
has fulfilled all its international ob
ligations, a
Secretariat: A permanent secre
tariat will be established at the seat
of the league which will be at Ge
neva. '. Each State One Vote.
Assembly: The assembly will con
sist of representatives of the mem
bers of the league, and will meet at
stated- intervals. Voting will be
by states. Each member will have
one vote and' not more than three
representatives.
Council: The council will consist
of representatives of the five great I
allied powers, together with repre
sentatives of four members select-
Jed by the assembly from time to
time; it may co-operate witti addi
tional states and will meet at least
once a year.
Members not represented will be
invited to send a representative
when questions affecting their in
terests are discussed. Voting will
be by state. Each state 'will have
one vote and not more than one rep
resentative. Decisions taken by the
assembly and council must be unani
mous, except in regard to proced
ure, and in certain cases specified in
the covenant and in the treaty, in
which decisions will be by a major
ity. International Court.
Armaments: The council will
formulate plans for a reduction of
armaments for consideration. These
plans will be revised every 10 years.
Once they are with any party to
the dispute which complies with it,
if a member fails to carry out the
award, the council will propose the
necessary measures, i
The council will formulate plans
for the establishment of a perma
nent court of international justice
to determine the international dis
putes or to give advisory opinions.
Members who do not submit their
case to arbitration must accept the
jurisdiction of the assembly. If
the council, less the parties to the
dispute, is unanimously agreed upon
the rights of it, the members agree
that they will not go to war with
any party to the dispute which com
plies with its recommendations,
In this case, on recommendation
by the assembly, adopted, no mem
ber must v exceed the armaments
fixed without the concurrence of the
council. All members will exchange
full information as to armaments
and programs, and a permanent
commission will advise the council
on military and naval questions.
Prevention of War.
preventing ot war: upon any
war, or threat of war, the council
will meet to consider what com
mon action shall be taken. Mem
bers are pledged to submit mat
ters of dispute to arbitration or in
quiry and not to resort to war until
three months after the award.
Members agree to carry out an
arbitral award, . and not to go to
war unless concurred in by all mem
bers represented on the council and
a simple majority ot the rest, less
the parties to the dispute, which
will have the force of a unanimous
recommendation of the council
In either case it the necessary
agreement cannot be secured the
members reserve the right to take
such action as may be necessary
The Flow of Meat
1 Two-thirds of the live stock in the United
States has to be raised in the West
One-half of the consumers of meat live in
theEast
v In other words, most of the live stock is one
or two thousand miles distant from most of the
people who need it in the form of food. '
Fifty years ago, when live stock was raised
close to every consuming center, the country
butcher could handle the job after a fashion.
But the job got too big.;
Now millions of animals have to be moved
hundreds of miles to millions of people. Some
where on the way they have to be turned
into meat !
The packers solved the problem. They set
up plants where the "live haul" and the
"meat haul" were in the right balance. They
eliminated waste. They built up distributing
systems refrigerator cars, refrigerating plants,
branch houses. They saved time, money and
meat everywhere. The stockraiser benefited
in better markets and higher prices; the con
sumer, in better meat and lower prices.
As the country grew, the packers had to
grow, or break down. Because of its present
size and efficiency, Swift & Company is able
to perform its part in this service at a fraction
of a cent per pound profit
Swift & Company, U. S.A.
s ' ' - ; '
, Omaha Local Branch, 13th & Leavenworth Streets
, F.J. Souders, Manager
rr
8
irJU. Iar-P
for the maintenance of right and
justice.
Members resorting to war in dis
regard of the covenant will imme
diately be debarred from all inter
course with other members. The
council wilMn such cases consider
what military or naval action can be
taken by the league collectively for
the protection of the covenants and
will afford facilities to members co
operating in this enterprise.
Validity of treaties: All treaties
or international engagements con
cluded after the institution of the
league will be registered with the
secretariat and published. The as
sembly may from time to time ad
vise members to reconsider treaties
which have become inapplicable or
involve danger of peace. .
The convenant abrogates all obli
gations between members inconj
sistent with its terms, but nothing-in
it shall affect the validity of inter
national engagement such as treaties
of arbitration or regional under
standings like the Monroe Doctrine
for securing the maintenance of
peace, f "
The Mandatory System.
The mandatory system: The tute
lage of nations not yet able to stand
by themselves will be entrusted to
advanced nations who are best fitted
to undertake it The covenant rec
ognizes three different stages of de
velopment requiring ditterent kinds
of mandatories Communities like
those belonging to the Turkish em
pire which can be provisionally rec
ognized as independent, subject to
advice and assistance from a man
datory in whose section they would
be allowed a' voice. Communities
like those of central Africa, to be
administered by the mandatory uiv
der conditions generally approved
by the members of the league where
equal opportunities for trade will be
allowed to all members; certain
abuses,' such as trade in slaves, arms
and liquor, will be prohibited, and
the construction of military and nav
al bases and the introduction of
compulsory military training will be
disallowed.
Other communities, such as south
west Africa and the south Pacific
islands, but administered under the
laws of the mandatory as integral
portions of its territory. In every
case the mandatory wiH render an
annual report, and the degree of its
authority will be defined.
General International Provisions.
General international provisions:
Subject to and in accordance with
the provisions of international con
vention existing or hereafter to be
agreed upon, the members of the
league will in general endeavor
through the international organiza
tion established by the labor conven
tion to secure and maintain fair con
ditions of labor for men, women
and children in their own countries
and other countries, and undertake
to secure just treatment of the na
tive inhabitants of territories under
their control: they will entrust the
league with the general supervision
over the' execution of agreements
for : the suppression of traffic in
women and children, etc.; and the
control of trade in arms and am
munition with countries in whicn
control is necessary; they will make
provisions tor freedom ot commu
nications and transit and equitable
treatment for commerce of all mem
bers of the league, with special ref
erence to the necessities of regions
devastated during the war; and they
will endeavor to take steps for in
ternational prevention and contr61
of disease. International bureaus and
commissions already ' established
will be placed under the league, as
well as those to be established in
the future.
Boundaries of Germany.
Amendments to the covenant:
Amendments to the covenant will
take effect when ratified by the
council and by a majority of the as
sembly. Boundaries of Germany: Ger
many cedes to France Alsace-Lorraine,
5,600 square miles, and to
Belgium two small districts between
Luxemburg and Holland, totalling
989 square miles. It also cedes to
Poland the southeastern tip of
Silesia, beyond and including Op
peln; most of Posen; and west
Prussia, 27,686 square miles, east
Prussia being isolated from the
main body by a part of Poland. It
loses sovereignty over the north
easternmost tip of east Prussia, 40
square miles north of the River
Memel, and the internationalized
areas about Danzig, 729 square
miles, and the basin of the Saar, 738
square miles, between the western
border of the Rhenish palatinate of
Bavaria and the southeast corner of
Luxemburg.
The Danzig area consists of the
V between the Nogat and Vistula
rivers made by the addition of a
similar V on the west, including the
city of Danzig. The southeastern
third of east Prussia and the area
between east Prussia and the Vis
tula north of latitude 53 degrees 3
minutes is to have its nationality de
termined by popular vote, 5,785
square miles, as is to be the case in
part of Schleswig, 2,787 square
miles. k
Abrograte Belgian Treaty.
Belgium: Germany is to consent
to the abrogation of the treaties of
1839 by which Belgium was estab
lished as a neutral state, and to
agree in advance to any convention
with which the allied and associated
powers may determine to replace
them.. She is to recognize the full
sovereignty of Belgium over ! the
contested territory of Morenet and
over part of Prussian Mdresnet, and
to renounce in favor of Belgium aH
rights of the circles of Eupen and
Malmedy, the inhabitants of which
are to be entitled within six months
to protest against this change ot
sovereignty either in . whole or in
part, the final decision to be reserved
to the league of nations. A commis
sion is to settle the details of the
frontier, and various regulations for
change of nationality are laid down.
Renounce Luxemburg Treaty. .
Luxemburg: Germany renounces
its various treaties and conventions
with the Grand Duchy1 of Luxem
burg, recognizes that it ceased to be
a part of the Germany 'Zcllerign
from January 1, last; renounces all
right of exploitation of the railroads,
adheres to the abrogation of its neu
trality and accepts in advance any
interest agreement as to it reached
by the allied associated powers.
Left bank of the Rhine: As pro
vided in the military clauses, Ger
many will not maintain any factions
or armed forces less than 50 kilo
meters to the east of the Rhine,
hpld any manoeuvers, nor maintain
any works to facilitate mobilization.
In case of violation, "she shall be
regarded as committing a hostile
act aarainst the powers who sign
the present treaty and as intending
to disturb the peace ot the world.
By virtue of the present treaty,
Germany shall be bound to respond
to any request for an explanation
which the council of the- league of
nations may, think it necessary to
address to her. " ;
Alsace Lorraine to France.
Alsace Lorraine: Alter recogni
tion of the moral obligation to re
pair the wrong done in 1871 by Ger
many to France and the people of
Alsace Lorraine, the territories ced
ed to Germany by the treaty of
Frankfort are restored to France
with their frontiers as before 1871,
to date from the signing of the
armistice, and to be free of; all pub
lic debts.
Citizenship is regulated by de
tailed provisions distinguishing
those who are immediately restored
to full French citizenship, those
who have to make formal applica
tions therefore, and those for whom
natuValization is open after three
years. The last-named class, in
cludes German residents in Alsace- j
Lorraine, as distinguished from
those who acquire the position of
Alsace-Lorrainers as defined in the
treaty. All public property and all
private property of German ex
sovereigns passes to France without
payment of credit. France is sub
stituted for Germany as regards
ownership of the railroads and
rights over concessions of tramways.
Ihe Rhine bridges pass to trance
with the obligation for their up
keep.
For five .years manufactured
products of Alsace-Lorraine will be
admitted to Germany free of duty
to a total amount not exceeding in
any year the average of the three
years preceding the war and textile
materials may be imported from
Germany to Alsace-Lorraine and
re-exported free of duty. Contracts
for electric power from the right
bank must be continued for 10
years. .
Safeguard Property Rights.
For seven years, with possible ex
tension to 10, the ports of Kehae
and Strassbourg shall be admin
istered as a single unit by a French
administrator appointed and super
vised by the central Rhine com
mission. - . ,
Property rights will be safeguard
ed in both ports and equality of
treatment as respects traffic assured
the nationals, vessels and good of
every country. Contracts between
Alsace-Lorrainers and Germans are
maintained save for France's right to
annul on grounds of public interest.
Judgments of courts hold in certain
classes of cases, while in others a
judicial execuature is first required.
Political condemnations during the
war are null and void and the obli
gation to repay war fines is estab
lished as in other parts of allied ter
ritory.
Various clauses adjust the general
provisions of the treaty to the spe
cial conditions of Alsace-Lorraine,
certain matters of execution being
left to conventions to be made be
tween France and Germany.
The Saar: In compsensation for
the destruction of coal mines for
northern France and as payment on
account of reparation, Germany
cedes to France full ownership of
the coal mines of the Saar basin
with their subsidiaries, accessories
and facilities. Their value will be
estimated by the reparation com
mission and credited against that
account. The French rights will be
governed by German law in force at
the armistice excepting war legisla
tion, France replacing the present
owners whom Germany undertakes
to indemnify. France will continue
to furnish the present proportion of
coal for local needs and contribute
in just proportion to local taxes.
The basin extends from the fron
tier of Lorraine as ' re-annexed to
France north as far as St. Wendel,
including on the west valley of the
Saar as far as Saarholzbach and on
the east the town of Homburg.
Governed By Committee.
In order to secure the rights and
welfare of the population and to
guarantee to France entire freedom
in working the mines, the territory
will be governed by a committee
appointed by the league of nations
and consisting of five members, one
French,, one a native inhabitant of
the Saar and,- three representing
three different countries other than
France and Germany. The league
will appoint a member of the com
mission as chairman to act as execu
tive of the commission. The com
mission will have all powers of gov
ernment formerly belonging to the
German empire. Prussia and Ba
varia will administer the railroads
and other public services and haVe
full power to interpret the treaty
clauses.'
The local courts will continue,
but subject to the commission. Ex
isting German legislation will re
main the basis of the law. but the
commission may make modification
after consulting a local representa
tive assembly which it will organize
It will have the taxing power, but
tor local purposes only. Mew taxes
must be approved by this assembly.
Labor legislation wdl consider the
wishes of the local labor organiza
tions and the labor program of the
league. French and other" labor may
be freely utilized, the former being
free to belong to French unions.
No Military Service.
All rights acquired as to pensions
and social insurance will be main
tained by Germany and the Saar
commission. There wilnbe no mil
itary service, but only a local gen
darmerie to preserve order. The
people will preserve their local as
semblies, religious liberties, schools
and language, but may vote only
for local ' assemblies. They will
keep their' present nationality ex
cept so far as individuals may
change it. Those wishing to leave
will have every facility with respect
to their property. "
The territory will form part of the
French customs system without ex
port, tax on coal and metallurgical
products going to Germany nor on
German products entering the basin
and for five years no import duties
on products of the basin going to
Germany or German products com
ing into the basin for local consump-1
tion. French money may circulate
without restriction. , . : '
i Will Name Plebiscite. .
After 15 years a plebiscite will be
held by communes to ascertain the
desires of the population as to con
tinuance, of the existing regime un
der the league of nations union with
France or union with Germany. The
right to vote will belonsr to all in
habitants over 20 resident therein af
the signature.
Taking into account the opinions
thus expressed, the league will de
cidc the ultimate sovereignty. In any
portion restored to Germany ;the
German government must buy out
the French mines at an appraised
valuation. It the price is not paid
within six months thereafter .this
portion passes finally to France., if
Germany buys back the mines, the
league will determine how much of
the coal shall be annually sold to
Prance. ,
. German-Austria: Germany rec
ognizes the total independence of
German-Austria in the boundaries
traced.
Recognize Tchecho-Slovakia. t
Tchecho-Slovakia: Germany rec
ognizes the entire independence of
the Tcnecho-alovak state, including
the autonomous territory of the
Ruthenians south of the Carpath
ians, and accepts the frontiers of
these states as to be determined,
which in the cause of the German
frontier shall follow the frontier of
Bohemia in 1914. The usual stipu
lations as to acquisitio'n and change
of nationality follow:
Poland: Germany cedes to Po
land the greater part of the upper
Silesia, Posen and the province of
west Prussia on the left bank of the
Vistula. A field boundary commis
sion of seven five representing the
allied and associated powers and
one each representing Poland and
Germanyi shall beconstituted with
in 15 days of the peace to delimit
this boundary. Such special pro
visions, as are necessary to protect
racial, linguistic or religious minori
ties and to protect freedom of transit
and equitable treatment of com
merce of other nations shall be laid
down in a subsequent treaty between
the five allied and associated powers
and Poland.
Fix Prussia Boundary.
East Prussia: The southern and
eastern frontier of east Prussia, as
Sucing (word obscure), Poland is
to be fixed by plebiscites, the first in
the regency of Allenstein, between
the southern frontier of east Prus
sia and the northern frontier of
Regierungsbesirk, Allenstein, from
where it meets the boundary be
tween east and west Prussia to its
junction with the boundary between
the circles Of Oletsko and Augers-
burg, thence to the northern bound
ary of Oletsko to its junction with
the present frontier, and the second
in the area comprising the circles
of Stuhm and Rosenburg and the
(Continued on Pace Six, Column One.)
I iTii "Wi 'mWflll
TKompsbiv-Belclert &Gb !
1 TAe T&sJiion Qexiler or Wamcri "i '
An Unusual Showing
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Sport models in beautiful Silks
Crepe de Chines, Fan-ta-si,
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These are without doubt
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season.
$12. 50, $15 and
$16.50
the
the
Fashionable New
Capes $25 to W
A Silk Sweater
for $35
This is an exceptionally
fine value. Shown in
cherry red,,, sea foam,
navy, petunia, white
and black.
In the Stor for Blouses
Embroideries
for Summer
Colored f louncings with
ruffles are very lovely.
In pink, blue and white,
42 inches wide. '
H Embroidered f louncings
in exclusive patterns, 27
and 45 inches wide.
Narrow edges and in
sertions in Swiss, nain
sook and cambric.
Allovers for vestees.
Bandings and camisole
embroideries.
Thomsons
Corsets
(Glove Fitting)
A Corset that emphasizes
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slightest extent. Such is
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Third Floor
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