LODGE, LOWELL
DEBATE LEAGUE
DRAFT MFRITS
ar W
Bay State Senator Would
Support League That Would
Promote Peace; Must
Redraft Treaty.
(Continued From On.)
an inconsistent republican" and
frequently had1 been in agreement
with Senator Lodge, he could not
agree with his utterances on the
league of nations covenant, and still
less with those of his senatorial
colleagues.
Dr. Lowell maintained the cor
rectness of the covenant in princi
ple, arguing that while "very de-,
lective in its drafting" and "easily
misunderstood" it should be "accept
ed and improved."
Calls Plan Experiment.
He described it as an experiment
In open diplomacy.
To meet certain objections rais
ed. Dr. Lowell advocated the inser
tion of clausea in the covenant per
mitting withdrawals from the league
on reasonable notice, stipulating that
no foreign powers shall acquire any
possessions on the American conti
nents, and making it perfectly clear
that immigration and tariff prob
lems are to be regarded as purely
international affairs.
Symphony hall was filled. Three
thousand persons had seats and 300
'stood. ; Half of the audience was
made up of members of the legis
lature, federal and state judiciary,
governors of New England states,
army and navy officers, members
cf the Harvard faculty, delegates of
the Central Labor union and per
eonar guests of the debaters. The
ether half were lucky ones awarded
admissions by. chance from 25 times
is many applications.
Gov. Calvin Collidge presid
ed, introduced the speakers and held
the watch. Senator Lodge led off,
speaking for an hour. He received
a noisy reception and was repeated
'.y interrupted by applause.
Wants General Disarmament.
Senator Lodge in opening his ar
gument said that he was not against
a league of nations, but was anxious
to have the free nations of the world
unite : to secure peace and bring
about "a general disarmament." He
also denied the charge of incon
sistency because of speeches in 1915
and 1916, favoring "in general" a
league of nations.
At this time and latter, in fact
lip to the very last, he explained,
he was in constant consultation
with Colonel Roosevelt.
"Two weeks before his death," he
said, "I was with Theodore Roose
velt for some hours, seeing him for
two mornings in succession. The
draft now before the country was
not then before us, but we discussed
fully the league of nations in all its
bearings. We were in entire agree
ment. The position that I have
taken and now take had his full
in the senate and elsewhere was the,
one he wished to be followfl.. I do.
s not say this to transfer my respon
sibility from my shoulders to his,
All I do and all I say is on my own
responsibility alone. t
"The question before us," Senator
Lodge said, "the only question of a
practical nature, is whether the
league that has been drafted by the
commission of the peace conference
and laid before it will tend to se
cure the peace of the world as it
stands, and whether it is just and
:air to. the United States of Amer
.ca." . Contructive Criticism.
In answer to the -charge that there
had been no constructive criticism
af the league of nations, Senator
Lodge exclaimed:
"My first constructive criticism is
that this covenant ought to be re
drafted." This is essential, he ad
tled. because the sanctity of treaties
s vital above all else.
As another constructive criticism
:ie demanded a definite statement in
the covenant of the vote required in
the executive council for it to
'recommend" or "advise," or "pro
pose" as the case might be. '
He also declared for "a larger
-cservation of the" Monroe doc
trine," the policy which "stands on
Iwo facts, geography and human
lature, that are neither transient nor
, ephemeral."
"It must not be within the juris
diction of the league of nations to
,ay who shall come into the United
States," he said.
"To have other nations meddle
Its sjood shopping
to buy the best"
-and when it
comes to
corn flakes
you shouldn't
be satisfied
with ordinary
corn flakes
but you should
ask for
with our tariff would run up against
our constitution.
"I offer an amendment to ex
clude questions affecting immigra
tion and the tariff from the pur
view of the league as a fourth con
structive criticism."
As another constructive criticism
he called for a provision permitting
withdrawal from the league to make
unnecessary denunciation or abro
gation of the treaty.
In concluding his opening argu
ment Senator Lodge referred to the
provision for mandatories with its
failure to state "who will select
them" for the nations.
Want No More War.
Cries of "no" "no," that nearly
drowned scattering shouts of "yes,"
arose when Senator Lodge, in em
phasizing the importance of article
10 in the covenant, asked if the
American people would be willing
to send forth "our sons to fight the
battles of all the nations of the
world."
"Yet that is what is demanded,"
he added, "and the American peo
ple should ponder this soberly be
fore accepting a covenant contain
ing any such stipulation.
"If they are ready to accept it, all
right. If the American people are
not ready to, that article will have
to go out of the treaty. If that
league with that article had existed
in the ! eighteenth century, France
could not have assisted this country
to win the revolution. If that league
has existed in 1898 we could not
have interfered and rescued Cuba
from the clutches of Spain; we
should have brought a war on with
all the other nations of the world.
"Perhaps the time has come to do
it. I only wish tonight to call your
attention to the gravity of that
promise, to what it means; that
it is morally binding; that there is
no escape when a guarantee of that
sort js invoked. Think over it well;
that is all I ask. Consider it. And
remember that we must make no
promise, enter into no agreement
that we are not going to carry out
in letter and in spirit without re
striction." Lowell Greeted With Applause.
Senator Lodge spoke not quite an
hour. As he concluded there was
a demonstration which was renew
ed a moment later when Dr. Lowell
was introduced. The latter's re
marks drew frequent applause from
the audience.
Dr. Lowell laid the premises for
his argument by asserting that to
be effective a league of nations to
prevent war must provide for com
pulsory arbitration with penalties
for the offender that no nation
would venture to incur. Punishment
should be meted out not by a' coun
cil of the league, but automatically
by the agreed and immediate atti
tude of the memberes of the league
who had bound themselves to resist
the aggressor. Then he analyzed
the proposed covenant to establish
that though there were faults in the
drafting, it offered the minimum'
essentials of an effective anti-war
league.
"The covenant of Paris," he said,
"is very defective in its drafting. It
is easily misunderstood, and has in
fact been widely misunderstood. Let.
us remember that in its present
shape it is intended only as a draft
subject to correction." '
He summarized the provisions of
the covenant and concluded that the
bbligations assumed' by the mem
bers of the league were "to do, or
abstain from, definite acts, either
continuously," of on the happening of
events described,; never under the
orders, or by direction, of any organ
of the league. The members agree
to preserve one another's integrity
and independence absolutely, not
because of or directed to do so by
the league."
"On the other hand," he continued,
"the executive council is limited to
consultation and recommendations
which the members of the league are
under no obligation to accept."
Sovereignty in no Danger.
"The fear of a super-sovereign
body, to which we are asked to sac
rifice our independence, is the crea
tion of an overheated imagination.
No organ of the league has any
authority to giye commands to this
country that need give us a mo
ment's anxiety. The only substan
tial powers that any such body is to
possess, beyond making recommen
dations, are derived from a unani
mous decision in an international
dispute, contrary to which a nation
may not go to war; and from the
right to forbid an increase in arma
ments or to direct the duties of a
mandate in case we first' agree to
the reduction of armaments, or to
the assumption of the mandate."
Mr. Lowell summed up his review
of the league in these words:
"The strength of such a league lies
in the obligations assumed directly
by the several members of the
league; and this is both the most
V
THE
effective and least adventurous
method of preventing war."
"The opponents of the league,"
he continued, "set up an imaginary
scarecrow of their own creation
and then fired at, it with great sat
isfaction to themselves. If the
United States is not subject to the
orders of the executive council, it is
senseless to talk of our being ruled
by a body in which we have only
one vote out of nine."
He discussed the various objec
tions that had been raised, saying in
part:
"An objection brought forward by
the opponents of the league is that
Asiatic immigration, the policy of
a protective tariff, or some other
matter of vital domestic interest
may be brought before the execu
tive council for inquiry and decided
against us. It would seem to be
clear that the framers of the cove
nant did not intend to submit to the
council the international affairs of
the members of the league, and if
there is any serious doubt on the
question, there will doubtless be no
objection to making it perfectly
clear."
Monroe Doetrine Extended.'
Coming to the Monroe doctrine,
which, he said, was "the greatest
bugbear of all," Mr. Lowell ex
pressed the opinion that the United
States would be justified in asking
for a clause in the covenant that no
foreign power should acquire any
possession on the American con
tinents or the adjacent islands.
However, he said, the covenant ex
tended the 'doctrine over the world
and its adoption would relieve the
United States itself of any suspicion
of imperialistic designs on its
American neighbors."
"Finally," said the speaker, "an
objection is made to the covenant
on the ground that its provisions
are contrary to the constitution of
the United States, on the ground
that a treaty to limit armaments, or
to require commercial boycott, or
to guarantee the territory of an
other country, or to limit the right
to declare war are contrary to the
powers vested in congress. Now
it so happens that all these things
have been regulated by treaties al
ready made, still in existence and
duly ratified by the senate. Treaties
regulating commerce in various
ways have been common, and are
too numerous to require citation."
Calls for Definite Statement.
Dr. Lowell called upon his op
ponent to declare first: Whether-he
would or would not vote for the
covenant provided it. was amended
as the senator wished; and, second,
what amendments he desired.
Departing from his address to re
ply to his opponent Dr. Lowell said:
"We both feel that this covenant
is, as it stands, defective, but the
difference is that I feel that when
these defects have been removed,
that covenant, with those defects
cured, ought to be ratified and he
does not tell us whether he thinks
so or not."
Referring to the farewell address
of George Washington, the speaker
said: "It was a great document in
its day and so was the Ten Com
mandments." In developing the point that uni
versal arbitration treaties would
have prevented Germany from pre
cipitating this war, Dr. Lowell re
marked that such a system might
have prevented our fighting Spain
in 1898, but "was taking Cuba worth
this war?"
"Now what are duties that we as
sume?" Dr. Lowell asked. The
principle obligations are as follows:
"To respect and preserve as
agkinst external aggression the ter
ritorial integrity and existing po
litic independence" of the small
members of the league (article 19.)
"I do not mean to comment on
these as I go along, but Senator
Lodge has referred to that and said
that if that had been in existence we
could not have taken 'Cuba; that
France could not have joined
against England with us in the
revolutionary war. But I want mere
ly to add that had there been such a
league with that provision, this later
war could not have occurred. Was
the Spanish war, by which we took
Cuba was it worth this war? That
is the sort of question that we have
to decide."
The audience seemed desposed to
be impartial and again the applause
was general as Dr. Lowell finished.
Belgian Government
Accepts Principle
of an Eight-Hour Day
Brussels, March 19. The Belgian
government, the socialist news
paper Peuple announces, has agreed
to accept the principle of an eight
hour day and to further efforts to
have it included in the peace treaty.
Paris, March 19. The following
official communication regarding
the meeting of the committee on
international labor legislation today
was issued tonight:
"The special subcommittee ap
pointed to find a solution for the
difficulties which have arisen in re
gard to the application of labor con
vention by certain federal states pre
sented a report suggesting a solu
tion, which was adopted by the com
mission. "The final reading of the British
draft convention for the establish
ment of a permanent organization
for international labor legislation
was completed, and the draft con
vention as amended was adopted
by the commission for submission to
the peace conference.
The commission then continued
the discussion of the labor clause to
be recommended for inclusion in the
treaty of peace."
Pomerene Argues Against
Extending Rail Control
Chicago, March 19.--Senator
Pomerene of Ohio, a democratic
member of the senate interstate
commerce committee, speaking here
tonight before the American Rail
way Engineers' society, opposed ex
tending the period of government
control over railroads beyond the 21
months provided by congress
He asserted that the proposed five
year extension was urged only for
the purpose of experimentation.
Senator Pomerene urged early
restoration of the functions of the
Interstate Commerce Commission
with increased powers and the fix
ing by congress of a fair standard
return upon the capital invested for
the railroads.
Not the Same.
"No, no, you muatn't ktsa ma," sh said,
as ha draw her closa to him. "Mother
obj'cta to klsstns;."
"Well. dear. I'm not toiug to klsa her."
BEE: OMAHA, THURSDAY. TtfARCH 20. -1919.
LAWMAKERS ARE
AROUSED OVER
PAROCHIAL BILL
(Continued From Fae One.)
in House Roll 64, the education biH
now under consideration by the
senate, made by the Harriss amend
ment, are those which are designed
to place the parochial, private and
denominational schools of the state
on practically the same basis of
control, efficiency and patriotism of
curriculum as the public schools.
Lender the provisions of the bill
as now prepared no person shall,
after September 1, 1919, be em
ployed to teach in any private or
parochial school who has not ob
tained a teacher's sertificate entit
ling such person to teach corre
sponding courses or classes in a pub
lic school.
Duty of Superintendent.
The county superintendent of the
county, or superintendent of the city
schools, where such private or pa
rochial school is located, shall in
spect such schools and. report to the
proper officers any evidence of un
American text books, activities or
instruction, or un-American propa
ganda tjierein.
Private or parochial schools shall
have adequate equipment and sup
plies and courses of study for each
grade conducted with educational
value equivalent to that of the public
schools where such children would
attend in the absence of such private
or parochial schools.
t It is also provided that nothing
contained in the act will be con
strued as an abridgement of the
rights of any religious denomination
in exercise of religious freedom.
Thy changes in the bill, it is said,
are those which have been recom
mended in the federal Americaniza
tion plan.
Girl Confesses Killing
Wife of Man She Saved
Seattle, March 19. Capt. Charles
Tennant, chief of the Seattle police
detective force, announced late to
day that Miss Ruth Garrison, 18,
confessed she murdered Mrs. Grace
E. Storrs.
Poison was -hidden in the food
which Miss Garrison had ordered
and which Mrs, Storrs found on the
table for her when she kept a
luncheon engagement with the girl
at a department store tea foom yes
terday. Love for Mrs. Storrs' husband,
Douglas, prompted the deed, the po
lice said. Miss Garrison invited
Mrs. Storrs to luncheon to discuss
with her a proposal that she and
her husband get a divorce.
Prance Revives Racing.
Paris, March 19. The govern
ment has consented to the resump
tion of horse racing in France, be
ginning May 5. Among the latest
petitioners m favor of the resump
tion was the dressmaking industry,
which declared that the race meets
were of the greatest importance to
it as affording the means of launch
ing new fashions.
BREWERS START
LEGAL FIGHT TO
STOP BEER RULE
Injunction Asked to Restrain
Internal Revenue Chief
From Interfering With
Production.
New York, March 19. William D.
Guthrie, counsel for the United
States Brewers' association and al
lied organizations, announced today
the opening of the legal fight of the
brewers to have beer of 24 per cent
alcoholic content declared a non-intoxicating
beverage. The contest
against the government restriction
of the alcoholic strength to less than
one-half of 1 per cent wuc brought
into the federal courts today by the
Joseph Hoffmann Brewing company
of this city, which asked for an order
restraining the commissioner of in
ternal revenue from interfering with
its contemplated production of 2Y
per cent beer.
Attack Prohibition Act.
The object of the suit, it was
stated, is to make the government a
party to litigation intended to pass
upon the revenue department's au
thority to define intoxicants, and to
bring about a judicial decision on
the brewers' claim that beer of 2-K
per cent alcoholic strength, stan
dardized by the president under the
food conservation proclamation ef
fective January 1, 1918, is not in
toxicating. The complaint also atacks the
constitutionality of the war-time
prohibition act. It alleges "purpose,
intent and threat" on the part of the
commissioner of internal revenue
and the Department of Justice to en
force against the complainant and
its officers and employes the various
penalties established for violations
of the revenue rulings. An answer
on the part of the government is
required within 20 days.
Massachusetts Breweries to Open.
Boston, March 10. The Brewers'
association of Massachusetts today
adopted resolutions recommending
that breweries begin the manufac
ture of ZYu per cent beer. The reso
lution, it was stated, was adopted
unanimously by the meeting,
which was attended by representa
tives of 22 breweries in this state.
HYMENEAL
Arthur-Beznoska.
Misj Millie Beznoska, daughter of
Frank Beznoska of Cedar Rapids,
la., and Lloyd Kieth Arthur of
North Bend, Neb., were married by
the Rev. Charles W. Savidge at his
study Wednesday morning at 9.
The bride's sister. Miss Agnes Bez
noska i of Cedar Bluffs, and the
groom's brother, Mr. Willis N. Ar
thur of North Bend, accompanied
them.
Piles Cured In S to 14 Days.
DrunKiats refund money if PAZO OINT
MENT fails to cure Itching, Blind, Bleed
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The Missouri Valley
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Omaha, Nebraska
Authorized Capital $2,000,000
The business methods of this organi
zation and the business engaged in
have been so well proven that they
are the guarantee of afety.
1006 First National Bank Bldg.
Benny Kauff Weds.
Lancaster, O., March 19. Benny
Kauff, outfielder for the New York
Giants, who recently was discharged
THOMPSON BELDEN & CO.
ViPasicon (ppnprdrMmp2
Gstabttshed r666
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For Spring wear the
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Two different styles,
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Thirteen-piece sets of
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Five-piece sets of four
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set.
At the Linen Section.
Sorosis Oxfords
An extensive ; showing of
new Oxfords which, bid fair
( to lead in ,. popularity for
Spring. Showing gray and
black kid, patent .leather and
black satin; '
$8.50 to $10 a Pair.
from military service, was married
here today to Miss Hazel Cassley,
daughter of a Pennsylvania railroad
engineer. Kauff announced he would
, Colored Umbrellas
The Vogue for Spring and Summer
Battleship gray, navy, Royal,
garnet, scarlet, purple, brown,
plum, emerald and bottle green.
A variety far ahead of any pre
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If -istsJv" M
m
KIJL
wonderful
It's best to
Practical
Corsets
for average figures
Not every woman may have
high priced corsets, but ev
ery woman should buy the
very best she can afford
for the corset is the founda
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be carefully selected.
Thomson's Glove fitting cor
sets are moderate in price,
but very high class in ev
ery respect. For example, a
Thomson model of light
weight coutille with low
bust, medium skirt and three
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A model that fits.
Third Floor.
join the Giants at .New Orleans Fruj
day and that he would accompany
the club to Jacksonville, Fla., to
train.
basAa-aakt aacSM.iuisX!
match the covers; also
bachalite and amber.
Tips of ivory and amber
add a pleasing touch.
Frames are silver, brass
or black.
H Besides the plain shades we
have a variety two-in-one "Sun
Ranes" in stripes, plaids and
bordered effects. Parasols in
variety. No two alike.
choose early.
Men's Shop
Soft collars in a very large
number of different styles
and various materials. Earl
and Wilson, Delpark, Arrow
makes, 25c, 35c, 50c
Latest Neckwear for men
who appreciate distinctive
styles. Italian grenadines,
English twills, Japanese .
crepes, foulards, Runchen
das, failles, Pussy Willow,
Cheney silks and Delparks
wash neckwear. Four-in-hands
and bats. An assort
ment you'll enjoy seeing.
To the Left You Enter.
The New
Silks First
One Load
or Several
will be moved with the same
promptness. It's the great num
ber of people we have moved
in the past that has builded for
us the largest business of our
kind in the central west.
When you are ready, phone
us.
OMAHA VAN and
STORAGE CO.
Phone Douglas 4163
806 So. 16th Street.
PROSPECT HILL
CEMETERY
Beautiful, sightly location, eas
ily accessible. Excellent burial
lot or plot available. Single
interment, 910. Constant eare.
Receiving vault. Chapel. Su
perintendent' office and resi
dence at Parker Street en
trance. Phone Webster 2404.
Take 33d Street car.
M
OTHERS
Reduce your doctor's
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always on hand
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For Colds, Grin
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Take
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Be sure you get the Genuine
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on the box. 30c.
K20
if,
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