PART ONE.
NEWS SECTION
Paget 1 to 10
Daily'
VOL. XLVII. NO. 83.
OMAHA, SATURDAY m6rNING, SEPTEMBER Q2, 1917EIGHTEEN PAGES.
1 " " '
! THE WEATHER . ,
Fjut; Warmer . .
GERMAN GOLD TO INFLUENCE
0i tali, tl MsM,
SINGLE COPY TWO CENTS.
PA
RANOIA
EIN
MURDER
KELL Y'S
MEET WITH
LA WYERS
REBUFF
IN COURT RULINGS
f v;-: : ; , - v
Judge Boies Refuses- to Admit Line of Testimony That
Might Involve Others in Murder Without Com
plete Foundation; Two Alienists Testify
v That Little Minister Is paranoiac.
. By EDWARD BLACK,
' . (Associated Freig W.r Summary.) .
Red Oak, la., Sept 21. (Special Telegram.) The de
fense in the trial of Rev. Lyn G. J. Kelly, accused of tjhe Villisca
ax murders, brought two alienists to the witness stand today to
pAve the- insanity of the prisoner. They said he manifested
symptoms of paranoia. " ' .
REBUTTAL FOR DEFENSE.
Through ihe rulings of Judge Boies
Kelly's attorneys were unable to push
the Jones-Mansfield feature , of T the
case by which they had hoped to
. show that... the '; murders might have
been committed . by some , person
- other than Kelly. Mrs. Kelly took
ji the stand for a few minutes as the
last witness of the day, She swore
. there were no blood spots on h-r huse
band's linen when he returned from
Villisca and that he did not speak of
. the murder till he received a letter
V telling him about it,
COURT IS INSISTENT.
It is evident the court . will not
admit any - evidence for which a
foundation lias ont been laid, and di-
rectly. connected with the ax murder
at the Moore home.
Judge Boies admitted evidence of
' Ed Landers, who testified Thursday
that about 8:15 on uSnday night of
the crime he observed Albert Jones
enter the Moore home. The testimony
of R. H. Thorpe, Jefferson, la., re
garding having met a man on a train
. whom he iidentified as "Bill" Mans
field by a photograph, was-stricken
' y: out on Thursday. ?
' - Rules Out Slander Testimony.
This afternoon Frank Archer, 3027
Myrtle avenue, ,Omaha, began to tes
tify havinff met two men in an auto
mobile early in the morning of June
. 1IK 1012 near Villisca,
Sensing the line of testimony which
would follow, attorney ravine-entered
- an obiectii and the defense
' ' ' then agreed to submit WytlWrtoWrt
typewrmen oners oi iuc ksuuwuj
they intended to present by eleven
other witnesses. AH of this testimony
related to Albert Jones and BerfMc
Caull having been seen in an automo
bile and was thoroughly gone over in
the Jones-Wilkersen slander suit last
f Hall. ' r; ;.; '.;,
, When written offers were made the
: state objected to each and the court
sustained the objection , in each ; in
... ' stance.- , . - - :
Id the case of George Lunny, At
. torney Mitchell got so far as to. ask
if he knew Albert Jones and Bert Mc-
CaulL ; ivrt'''-f' ' ' '
The names of those whose evidence
v was' nor admitted on this phase and-
' which the defense sought to present,
. i werJ Fr4nk"Archer.; jr-5 Frank Ar
' cher. sr.; W. J. Lunny, Mr. arid Mrs.
' Fred, Shipper, Mr.-and Mrs. James
' . KimmelL Ray Dunn, Mrs. John Mor
ris, G. W. Baker, Miles DeVoss Lou
Saemish, Jim Bridwell and; george
;hue. - i " ' '''
It is beu'eved the defense will rest
soon, but Attorney Mitchell replied;
;"It may be an hour and it maykbea
week." : Vi- J.;. ;."
; 1 Kelly May Take Stand.
; Present indications are -that Kelly
will be put on. the witness stand. The
state will haye rebuttal. ; V r
Mrs. Kelly, wife of the defendant,
was called to the witness chair short
ly before adjournment. ; She appeared
composed and spoke in "an accent
which left no doubt, as to the truth
' of her statement that she came to this
country from London. t
' N : "I am 30 years of age," she replied
t (Contlnned on Face Six, Column One.)
btock Yards Employe -
Mentioned at Trial
- -7
Jljt
7 V 3
'"BILL": MANSFIELD.
DRAFT ORDER
IS pi'l-j3
OFrlCfRSHERE
The Weather
... w.
Peg.
.. 54
... M
It
61
63
61
64
(i
68
67
6
6S
68
47
67
J.....i it
Souri.
( a. m. ,
6 . m.
7 a. m.
I a. m. .
9 a. m..
10 a. m.,
11 a. m..
1 m
1 p. , m..
3 p. m..
i p. m..
4 p. m. .
p. m..
( p. m. .
7 - m
v S p. m.";
Comparailra Local Record.
TT, V. 1 Jl 14
Hlfhut yesterdaj 68 7" v 80
Lowest yetterdajr 61 61 40 64
' temperature .... It tj j y gj
,jgClpltatlon 00 00 00 ,2
- Temperatoro a id precipitation departures
' from the normal at Omaha tines- March 1
.. and compared w.th Ihe past two years:
Normal temper .tore ......... t (4
- ueiioiency tor me aay
Total deficiency since March !....., .,.1I7
. normal precipitation ,.. .07 mcn
'. Deficiency (or the day......... .07 inch
Total rainfall- since March 1... .20.21 Inches
. Deficiency since March 1 3. 8 J inches
Deficiency for cor. period Hi J. 10.12 Inches
deficiency for cor, period. 11S. .68 Inches
' Reports From StaUons r. H. ,
Station and Stat - : Temp. High. Rain.
6t Weather. 1p.m. est fall.
Cheyenne, clear.. ...... ....73 . 78
.Dubuque, elear ........y ...(2 TO '
Denver, clear ........... ...7 81
l .Des Moines, clear.. ...... ...12 . 61-
- Dodiro City, clear 70 76
Lander, clear ..............7( 84
North -Platte, clear... 70 7
"Omaha, cloudy ...... .....'.E7 .68
Pueblo, clear ...............74 " 80
Rapid -City, clear. ......... .80 86
Salt Lake City. rain. ...... ,68 13
Santa Fe, partly cloudy. ....60 66
Sheridan, ' clear .....76 . 88
Bt. Louis, partly cloudy..... 0 63
Valentin, clear 74 80
.00
.00
.0
.00
.00
.00
.
.00
.00
.00
.02
.00
.00
.04
.00
U A. WELSH, Meteorologist..
OMAHA BOYS AT
ifllfiSTON START
pM!lltt
Don 1 Tvvio:Piece J Denjms Ifh
' Lieu Vbf . Uniforms,, for
Which They Are . -Measured.
-
Acceptance of General Crow
der's Recommendation, May -
Force All Eligibles Into
: Army and Navy at Once.
With the acceptance" of Genera
Crowder's recommendation that al!
registered men be given their medical
examinations immediately, voluntary
enlistments in the army and navy im
mediately will cease, in the opinion of
army recruiting omcers . stationed in
Army officers are divided in their
opinion as to' the advisability of the
new plans. Young: men between -the
ages of-21 and 31 will be automatical
ly barred from enlisting under the
rulings of the draft law that examined
men cannot enlist.
Some consider it a plan to encour
ace recruiting among men who are
over the draft aj?e limit.
secretary Baker has signified that
in all probability the plan will be
accented.
Will it mean that all man will be
immediately called into service?
Will recruiting cease and the army
be raised entirely by draft?
These are the questions that are
now puzzling recruiting omcers.
Seventh Into Service.
National Guard organizations with
the status of the Seventh Nebraska
undoubtedly will be called into im
mediate service upon the acceptance
of this rnling. It will be impossible
to mainUia and . recruit a regiment
after the accptancev6f this plan, or
hcers say. An attempt to enlist a
regiment of men outside of draft age
in this state would be almost impos
sible, and Seventh regiment members
are now looking for a call to service.
' If this suggestion is carried outit
will mean that not a man in the
country between the ages of Zl and
31 can volunteer," said Major Frith
of the army recruiting station this
morning." ;
"For the physical examination of
every registered man. in the country,
will cut them all out from voluntary
enlisting."
V Expect Rush of Recruits
All recruiting offices anticipate an
increase ia rcrartigIiey are plan
ning to keep Ibpert day add flight nd
additional help has already been tailed
for. , , ,
' I'As soon as the numbers were
drawn, a large percentage 1 of men
drafted hastened to" enlist," said Ma
jor "Frith. ."Those who came after
the order to aonear .for physical ex
amination had been sent them could
N Frank, Roach of the advertising de
partment of the Union Pacific is back
from Camp Funston, to which place
he accompanied-the Sixth Nebraska
regiment' of the .national army, Ac
cording to Mr. Roach, the Omaha and
Nebraska boys enjoyed the trip and
arrived in 'Camp Funston in fine con
dition", not 'a member of. the party
having been sick.' 1
' Puring the. trip " Mr.-Roach asserts
that the Nebraskans were in fine fet
tle until they came in sight of ,he
cantonment, buildings at Camp Funs
ton. Then ; their 'spirits?, seemed to
droop '. slightly, ; but they ' quickly
braced up, and when they detrained
they marched, away -to their quarters
111.. ...all . 1aA trlAtire
. As soon as. the Nebraskans de-futies rose to a premium Trading
trained thev ' were ' checked arainst m the bon(is was actIve- The low rec
trained they were checked against ord for ull iotSfVas 99.52 , on
(Continued on Vmge live, Column Five.) ' August 8. - '
not be accepted This new or.oer
which is to go through at once, it
seems, will call in every man tor ex
amination. ' .' .
"I advise every fnjan, who wishes
to get the advantage's of a volunteer
enlistment to come in at once."
, Gehjeral Ci'owdei' recently submitted
the question to the state governors
and is awaiting their replies. , '
Liberty Bonds Sell Above '
Par on N. Y. Exchange
- New York, Sept. 21. For the first
time since Liberty bonds' were listed
on the stock, exchange in, June, when
the securities sold' at a' slight pre
mium during the initial week of their
offering, they went above par today,
reaching 100.0Z on small transactions.
After the sale of two blocks ot $500,
000 each and one of $513,000, the se
American RegimeniUnder Fire
OwAUies' Lines of Communication
American Training Camp in France, Thursday, Sept. 21. By day and
night the men of the American regiment of engineers, which has takerik
over an important line of French strategic railways, are hauling tons upon
tons of ammunition and other supplies to the French army units operating
against the Germans. s
The American regiment has been turned over as a unit to the French
and is getting all its supplies, except clothing, from the French govern
ment. .The officers and men entered upon the work With the greatest en
thusiasm and they already have been under German bombs and machine
gun fire from airplanes.
Within the last few nights a heavy train of supplies hurrying toward
the front was attacked by several enemy planes. None of the bombs
came dangerously close, but (very time the firebox of the engine was
opened for stoking, the planes swooped down upon the train and spat
tered it with steel-jacketed bullets. .. t
The fire got so hot that eventually the train was stopped, the crew
taking refuge beneath the engine. Relating their experience afterward,
these trainmen rather "swanked" about it over their inexperienced brothers.
10
AUSTRIAN
PEACE REPLY
GOES TO POPE
Emperor-Charles'Sends Answer
to Recent Conciliatory Sug
gestions to Papal Nuncio
at Vatican.
FARMERS PRESENT
DRAFT CASE TO
THE PRESIDENT
WilkMake a Showing That if
Jhey Are Not Exempted From
Selective Draft, Crops of
Nation Will Suffer.
Bernsforff Intrigues
Heuealed in Cablegram
Asking Credit of $50,000
State Department Ha Complete Knowledge of Activities
of Former German Ambassador Dealing With Hi V
Efforts to Influence Congress Against De-
daring War on. Germany., s '
Argentina to Break with Kaiser
As Result of Former Duplicity
Buenos Aires, Sept. 21. Argentina probably will sever relations with
Germany tomorrow as the result of new developments today, The Asso
ciated Press. learns from a high official source. , -
Omaha Boy Leaves for France With
Uncle 'Saints Force of Navy Airmen
An Omaha boy was one of fifty of
Uncle Sam's navy aviation experts
who have sailed for, France. '
He is Harry Wendell, formerly in
charge 'of the soda departments of the
Unjrtt-Docekal and tseaton XJriig com
panies. ' .
Wendell enlisted in the aviation
corps of the navy May 12. He was
sent to Pensacola, Fla., for training.
He graduated as a seaplane mechan
ician. - - , - i
Last Saturday fifty out of 1,000 men
were chosen to go to Francefor ac
tive service. Wendell was one of the
fifty men selected. He earned the priv
ilege by passing a stiff examination
with a very high mark. . - . ;
s While officially a mechanician, Wen
dell "gets his hops," as they call
making .flights, just the same as a
pilot. In letters to Omaha friends, he
has told of a number of flights made
at Pensacola. . ., ' .
The accompanying photograph of
Wendell was taken Saturday just
prior to his departure for overseas
service. i , .'; -
Wendell has a brother in Omaha.
Pete Wendell, 'Well known in local
swimming circles.-- . -
Germany Suppresses
Catholic Newspaper
Stockholm, Sept. 21. Dispatches
from Berlin say that the; newspaper
Germanif has been suppressed by the
German authorities until further no
tice. German ia was the leading organ
of the Catholic center and stood mid
way' between the annexationist wing
represented by the Cologne (V'olks
Zeitung, and the Erzberger schooL If
reptesented such a powerful influence
that the action of the German censor
appear? to be decidedly daring.
j '-'J l-( .
, t -w
HARRY WENDELL
Kaiser Takes Interest.
The German government in its
reply to thejieace note of Pope Ben
edict, a copy of which has been re
ceived here "cherishes a lively de
sire" that the appeal may meet with
success. '
Amsterdam, Sept. 21. Peace would
come from the recent proposals of
Pope Benedict if She belligerent na
tions would enter into negotiations
in the sense of, the pontiff's sugges
tions, Emperor Charles of Austria-
Hungary says, in his reply to the
Vatican note. The ; emperor sees " in
the pope's peace plan a suitable basis
tor starting negotiations toward a
just and lasting peace and expresses
the hope that the nations opposing his J
own may De animated py ine same
idea.
Austria-Hungary's ruler received
the pontiff's note with a thankful
heart and with an expression of hope
that the pontiff's efforts may lead tcf
the realwation of the emperor s desire
for a lasting and honorable peace, for
all parties.1 .. ,
wants Freedom of Seas.
Freedom of the sea's is one of the
peace hopes of Emperor Charles, inr
order that Heavy material burdens
could be. taken from' the nations of
the earth and new sources oLprospcr-
ity opened to them. "
Ihe reply, received here in a Dis
patch from Vienna, was handed to
Monsignor T Valfre di Bonzo. the
papal nuncio at Vienna, on Thursday.
Ihe Austrian emperor admits that
the future arrangement of the world
must be based on the elimination of
armed force and on the rule of inter
national justice and legality. ''
tmperor William, the German note
says, has Seen fallowing the efforts of
the Done toward neace for a consid
erable time with high respect.
Ihe text of the reply follows:
"Holy Father: With due veneration
and deep emotion, we take cognizance
of the new representations your holi
nessMn fulfillment of the holy office
entrusted you by uod, make to us and
the heads of the other belligeren
states with the noble intention of
leading. ? The heavily tried nations to
a unity that will restore J peace, to
them. ' t - ' ,
Has Thankful Heart.
"With a thankful heart we received
this fresh gift of fatherly care which
you, holy father, always bestow on all
peoples without distinction, and from
the depth of our heart we greet the
moving exhortation which your holi
ness has addressed to Jhe govern
ments of the belligerent peoples. Dun
ing'this cruel war we have always
looked up to your holiness as to the
highest personage, who, in virtue of
his mission which reaches beyond
earthly things, and thanks to the high
conception of his duties laid upon him,
stands high above the belligerent peo
ples and who is inaccessible to all in
fluence was able to find a way which
may lead to the realization of our own
desire for peace, lasting and honor
able for all) parties.
Charge Mayor of . v
Philadelphia With r
Murder Conspiracy
Petrograd. Sept 2L GeneraI Alex-4
ieff has resigned his post as chief of
the general staf! under Premier Ker
ensky, the commande'-in-chief of the
Russian armies, according to news
paper reports today. The resignation
is saia to oe aue to airterences with
the premier, the ; latter insisting on
the removal from headquarters of all
officers under suspicion of complicity
with General Korniloff. ' ' - .
Steamer Reported Sunk
Arrives Safely in Port
An Atlantic Port. SeoL 21. The
American steamship Susana,previ-
I ously reported sunk bya German sub-
maitiiK in luc iucuuciiaucAii, lias ar
rived' safely at a foreign port, accord-
, ing to Cable advices received by agents
today.
Price of Gasoline and
Kerosene Again Boosted
New York, Sept. 20. The'export
price of gasoline an kerosene in cases
was advanced & cent a gallon .today
to 15.50.
Washington, Sept. 21. (From
Staff Correspondent.) The farmers
of Ihe country, through their various
organizations, have decided to call the
president's attention to the effect of
the selective draft on the production
of foodstuffs. The Federal Farm Or
ganizations, with which most of the
farm organizations throughout the
country affiliate, will present the sub
ject to the president next Monday. A
committee made up of influential men
from various sections of the country
will submit a memorial, setting out
tne tacts as they have ascertained
them. '
As a basis for the representations
to be made to he president, the
memorial will call attention to the re
peated' declaration of men Who speak
witn authority, that tood will win the
war. Only this week Federal. Food
Commi$ioner Hoover, in addressing
the business men of the United
States, in convention at Atlantic City,
re-empnasizeatne importance ot re
membering "that the outcome of the
war will depend on food supply. -Itl
sasserted that th war has takpn
from . the farms of the" country one
in seven ot the farm laborers and that
as the war goes , on this ratio Is
bound to increase unless some step
is taken to retaiif the ' farm . food
producers at their labors.
The federal food 'administration' is
receipt of many letters every day
from men in various sections of-the
country, calling attention to the effect
the war call for men is having on
farm production.
Seeding Being Halted. .
Right now, it is asserted, wfTTat
seeding in some sections of the coun
try is being halted by reason of farm
ers' sons having to respond to the
mobilization call under the selective
draft.
In many localities how to harvest
the corn crop is a problem, it is as
The organizations that are to take
up the subj ;ct with the president will
attempt tc show, Uhat the selective
draft law does not operate equitably
so far a?, the sons of farmers are
concerned. It is. asserted that farm
ers', sons . rarely ask for exemption,
even though they may be clearly en
titled to it. It has been held, of
course, that local boards may not ex
empt any class, and it is asserted that
stat appeal boards have failed in most
instances to take cognizance 'of the
ecessity of maintaing the labor sup
ply on the farm.
The men who are to tafce un the
subject with the president next Mon
day will not propose 'any solution.
Their view is that the president ,undr
tie ' existing law, has authority to
take steps which will result in retin-
mg the men needed on the farms.
It is believed that under the selec
tive draft act. farm laborers after re
porting to the cantonments could be
detailed back home, under orders to
work the farms; tThis is only one of
numerous informal suggestions that
have been made. c
The memorial to the president will
suggest that if . the principle oMhe
BRITISH DRIVE
TEUTONS BACK
Washington, Sept 21. Secretary Lanautv todiv mada
public as an astounding addition to the series of disclosures of
German intrigues in America and elsewhere a message sent
by Count von Bernstorff in January of this, year to the Berlin
foreign office requesting authority to pay out $50,000 to in ,
fluence congress through an unnamed organization, apparently
known to Berlin authorities. ! ,
Count von Bernstorff indicated in his message that money
had been paid this organization on former occasions to per
form the same work. :,-, v
TEXT OF MESSAGE.
The text of the message, dated
January 22, 1917. made public with
out comment, follows:
"I request authority to pay up to
$50,000 (fifty thousand dollars) in or.
der, as on former occasions, to iaflu
ence congress through the organiza
tion you know of, which can perhaps
prevent war. '."
"I am beginning in the meantime to
act accordingly." . v
Whether the State department is
in possession of. other evidence indi
cating the ambassador's activities has
not been revealed, but the extraordi
nary disclosures already made have "
fixed the belief that agents of the
United States 'government have col
lected and compiled the entire story
of German duplicity and Intrigue and
that additional chapters will be added.
KNEW GERMAN PLANS.
The reference to avoiding war is
taken is. an indication that Ambassa
dor Bernstorff had prior, knowledge
of his government's intention to pro-. N
claim a merciless widespread subma
rine warfare and that he was equally
confident that the United States gov
ernment could not be easily, placated
by mere promises. The. German an- ;
nouncement ofi its intention' to ex-' .
pand its submarine activities was not
majfie public until January 31, when
the world was startled not .only by
ONwIBEFRONT
Behind Most Perfect Barrage
a Fire Yet Attempted Allies
Smash Through German
i Lines at Ypres.
r. BULLETIN. " : ; .
London, Sept 21.-Fleld Marshal
Hair, in latest reports regarding
the British offensive on the Belgian
front to the east of Ypres yeiter
day, when the British troops pushed
through the German lines for a dis
tance of more than a mile, says that
the completeness of the British sue
cess, is confirmed by detailed ; ac
counts of the battle.
(Contlnned on Fge Six, Column Six.)
NEWLY APPOINTED CHIEF
OF STAFF OF U. S. ARMY.
it I ' l i
il ' J
i '
(By Assoolatcd Frsss.) '
British Headquarters in France
Sept. 20. (Delayed.)-The British of
fensive which began at dawn over a
wide front east of the Ypres Salient,
found the attacking 'forces late today
holding many positions of vital im
portance and continuing the fight in
German territory along a line which
in'many places represented an aver
age gam ot a mile in depth. -
Such redoubtable strongholds as
Nun's wood, Glencorse wood, Inver
ness copse and Shrewsbury lorest,
which have withstood numerous (fierce
assaults recently, were entirely over
run by the British, . who reached
points well beyond them.
Heavy fighting was continuing at
close range at various points and the
Germans were massing troops with
the evident intention of delivering
counter-attack. . ; .
It has been a day of ereat success
for the British arms, for the posses
sion of wooded heights which they
captured east of Ypres unquestionably
is of crucial importance, since these
dominating positions form the' key
stone of the German structure of de
fense in this sector.
The greatest gains have been made
between St. Julien and Hollebeke,
which was as had been planned, for
within this stretch of country lie the
important defense just mentioned.
Perfect Barrage Fire. .
The troops that went out to the
attack represented some of the finest
men in the British army. They entered
the conflict in high spirits land eager
for the fray. , " ,'1 "
Their cdvance was preceded by one
of the' most perfect and heaviest bar
rage. 'fires yet 'attempted. The' men
(Continued on Pf Klx, Colonic filx.)y
the determination to remove all re-
strictions; but by the statement that
ltpvould become effective on the fol
lowing day. Three days later the
United ; States . government had ex
pressed its disapproval by severing
relations with Germany. , . i
That the German ambassador kneW1
of his government's intention wa a.
Jsumed by, some officials, although at
the same time he denied prior. knowl
edge and those in close touch with
tfce embassy were given to understand
that he did not anorove the rnnn,
and worked .to secure modification.
it nas not been assumed that the
ambassador actually, attempted to
bribe or personally influence . any
member of congress, and doubt that
such was Ins purpose is supported to
some extent by the comparatively
small amount . of monev hit A
Fifty thousand dollars, it was pointed
uui, wuuia go out a snort way to
wards buying the ' influence of any
congressmen. Judiciously expended,
however, it might do much in com
pensating paid agents, such as arc
nowvknown to hive belonged to th
elaborate, machine Bernstorff had so-
carefully built up for fthc production
(Continued rco Two, Column Dm,)
Bliss Succeeds . -
Scott as , Chief
. ; Of Army Staff
Washington, Sept. 21. Major Gen.
eral.Tasker H.. Bli$s today was named
chief-of-staft; of the army to succeed
Major General Hugh Li, Scott, who
retires from office tomorrow.
Don't Let 'Em Fool You
WarfieW Agency measurements of adver
tising in Omaha dailies are made independ
ently of any interested newspaper. In order
to apply uniformly the measurements are
all by column "inches." I
No Juggle About "Lines" , .
', Can Obscure the Facts
Eight Months Total Paid Advertising ,
- (WsrflslJ Aftacy Mcasurtmsnts) '.,. :.
s The Bee's, Gain... .20,193 Inches'
World-Herald Losa.l. -vlO.147 Inches " '
' The News Gain. .. 14,752 Inches ' V
Bee's Gain Oyer iWorld-Herald , ), .,30,340 Inches
Bee's Gain Over News i . i .:. 5,441 v Inches
Both Tha B's teomastiters ficuws include from
r" ' ,000 to 2,00 inches run in spcii "Oil" sditions. . T
: j
Keep . Your Eye On The pee
IMPROVING EVERY. DAX
. .T- . . ...... ,
rj-