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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (March 20, 1917)
BABY IS MONARCH ALWAYS IN OMAHA "Infantry" Probe Bereals Many Great Men and Women Were Once Babies. LOW DEATH BATE HERE r Br A. R. OROH. Here's a bulletin that comei, all pal- Mating and excited, from the chil- Iren'f bureau, Department of Labor, Washington, D. C, and telli ui that "plans for Baby week are under way in thirty-four states," "aeveral Itate . committees hare selected some one phase of infant' welfare for emphasis this year," and so on. Why, bless you, children's bureau, Washington, ,D. C, every week is ' Baby week in Nebraska. We don't confine the saving of babies to one week. Bless you some more. Of course, we don't. If you'll look over statistics you will find that Nebraska has by far the lowest infant mortality rate among the states of the union and Omaha the lowest among the cities of the union. It's a great pleasure to write about habits. I was once a baby myself. Many of the greatest men and women in the world started life as babies. And here's a problem for you. What has become of the baby that you once were? It hain't died and yet it doesn t exist. It has disappeared completely from the earth. When Did Baby Go f You say you have "grown up." Yes hut does that exolain the disappear ance of the baby? You don't bear the slightest resemblance to that eight or tea-pound morsel which, you were told, was once you. Funny, isn't it? ) Turning now from pllilosophy to physiology, we remarked that every week is Baby week in baby-healthy Nebraska. It is even so. The "baby exhibit" is dated up solid from now until September. The exhibit consists of a large number of panels illustrating every' thing . that should be known ibout baby diseases ana now to pre' vent and cure them and about the genera! care of the baby. It was assembled by the Woman's clubs of Umaha and Lincoln and the state Anti-Tuberculosis society, Mrs. K. R. J. Edholm directing the work. It is sent from one town to another. This summer it will circulate among a large number of home economics clubs throughout the state. The baby exhibit is only one of many activities continually being car ried on for baby's health in Nebraska, and particularly in Omaha. 1 . Omaha is the .best place oa earth for children to be born. In Fall Kiver, Mass., 240 babies out of every 1.000 born die before they reach the age of one year. In Omaha less than one-fourth that many die. ... ' Perfection is a duality of babies more than of any other living thing. Botanists will tell you that -no rose an be perfect. Physicists maintain that a perfect vacuum is impossible. But any mother will tell yon that her baby is perfect Even when her baby grows up lie or she is perfect. Outsiders may dis sent from this opinion, but the mother will maintain it. And she ought to know better than- anyone else, oughn't she? You remember the , mother who saw her son, John, marching with the soldiers and ex claimed, "Oh, look I All the soldiers are out of step except my John." The smallest baby born that grew up weighed seventeen ounces at birth. That's hardly bigger than a man's hand. ' I know a man who has a baby weighing about 120 pounds. He says she is the sweetest baby in the world. They're going to get married as soon as he gets "raisccr to $18 per. With Strike Off Much Freight is Starting to Move The calling off of the strike has had the effect of starting an immense volume of business moving out of Omaha. Last Friday and Saturday practically all the roads laid embar goes on all classes of freight and as a result nothing except the perish ables were moving to any extent Now all embargoes except those on grain to seaboard have' been lifted and freight is moving forward. Shipments out of Omaha are unu sually heavy, notwithstanding that a great deal of freight went forward during the latter part of last week in anticipation of a freight tieup. Three trainloads of meat have just started for the east and as much aa a train load of butter, eggs and produce tak en, out of cold storage. Omaha Will Get Chance When Cruisers Are Named Josephus Daniels, secretary of the navy, has promised Mayor Dahlman to remember Omaha when naming the new cruisers. ''I would be very glad to consider your suggestion to name a vessel after Omaha when I come to assign names to the cruisers authorised by a recent ict of congress," wrote the secretary. The mayor wired the secretary: "In naming the new battleship cruisers please remember Omaha, the best city in the union and the gateway to the great west, which gave our presi dent the grandest reception of any :ity in the country, a city ready to lo its share at the nation's call.' . Mayor Dahlman has known Secre ary Daniels for twenty years. lewelry Thief is Scared ' , ' Away Before Getting Loot The "diamond-and-rubber-sucker" thief, who is the terror of all jewelers, attempted his game in Omaha Sun day night at the Leibowitx jewlery itore at 218 South Fifteenth street The crook was frightened away after he had cut a triangular piece of glass from the window and $1,000 worth of lewelry was. easily within his grasp. Just two doors north of the Leibo witx store a thief broke the transom glass over the front door, crawled through and stole three dozen silk shirts, $8 in cash front the money drawer and several pieces of jewelry. The place is , owned by Meyer JKozitiky. ' 1 I RAIL MAGNATES GRANT DEMANDS MADE BY UNIONS (Coatlaaed Trmm Pat Oa,) Eliiha Lee, chairman of the man agers' committee, was as follows: "In the national crisis precipitated by the event of which we heard this afternoon, the national conference committee of railroads join with you in the conviction that neither at home nor abroad should there be fear or hope that the efficient operation of the railroads of the country will be hampered or impaired. - "Therefore you are authorized to assure the nation there will be no strike and as a basis for such assur ance we hereby authorize the com mittee of the Council ot National De fense to grant to employes who are about to strike whatever adjustment your committee deems necessary to guarantee the uninterrupted and effi cient operation of the railroads as an indispensible arm of national de fense." i Statement by Mediators. The mediation ' negotiationa and their results are summed up in the following statement issued at 6 o'clock this morning by the commit tee from the Council of National De fense: "We desire to express our appre ciation of the large and patriotic ac tion of the railway managers' com mittee, which has put beyond perad venture the possibility of a nation wide railroad strike. The railroads have met the full demand of the Adamson eight-hour law. This con cession was secured as the culmina tion of two days and nights of nego tiation. "Our first effort was to secure a postponement of the strike,' which was fixed tor Saturday night.. I his postponement was secured by pre senting to the railway managers a memorandum agreement drafted by the brotherhoods which, with some particularity, expressed - the pro visions of the Adamson law. We asked the railways to agree, that if the Adamson Isw was held to be constitutional, this tonstruction and application would be given to it. The railways agreed to this at a joirit ses sion between the brotherhood chiefs and the managers. And with much difficulty the chiefs stayed the strike, an act that was vital to the sucess of our efforts at further mediation. We next sought some adiustment that would be effective should 'the law v be held unconstitutional. In this regard many propositions were made to both sides until the railroads expressed a willingness to place the whole matter in the hands of the committee. This action' proceeded, as the letter of the railway managers states, from a desire to demonstrate to the country that the railroads would not allow their own concep tion of railroad policy to stand in the way of the fullest use of the roads at a time of severe national strain. The committee considered the matter and decided that in view of the action of congress in passing the 1 Adamson law and the 'necessity -for immediate action, it was best to adopt at once the memorandum agreement' of the previous day as applicable under- all conditions. Then the provisions of the eight-hour law, by agreement be tween the roads and the men, became the basis of the settlement, and whether the supreme court holds for the avliditv of the law or against it. there will be no strike. ' . "(Signed) "FRANKLIN' K. LANE, -"W. B. WILSON, "DANIEL WILLARD, , "SAMUEL GOMPERS?.", Mediators Write Manager!. The committee sent the following; letter to Elisha Lee. chairman of the I conference committee of the railways: '"We are in receipt of your favor of this date, placing in our hands for immediate adjustment the matter of the differences between your commit tee and the railroad brotherhoods. ' We have brought this letter be ore the brotherhoods with the state ment that in our judgment it was advisable to put into effect the pro visions ot the Adamson law whether it be held valid or otherwise. This was acceptable to them. Thus by your own action, urgedthereto by the highest reasons of national concern. ' you have avoided a national calamity. we wouia ne delinquent in a true sense of gratitude if we failed to ex press our sincerest appreciation of the action you have taken. We trust that , it promises a long period of heatry co-operation between the railroad managements and their employes." , The agreement signed by the rep-1 resentatives of the brotherhoods of the roads and by the commission i reads as follows: 'In all road service excent nasirn. ger where schedules now read 100 miles or less, nine or ten hnura nr less, overtime at ten or1 eleven miles per hour, insert 'eight hours or less for a basic day and twelve and a half mites per hour for a soeed basis.' for . the purpose of computing overtime. I uvertime to be paid for at not less than one-eighth of the daily rate , per hour. ' 1 "In all yard service, switching and hostelry service where schedules now read 'ten, eleven or twelve hours or less shall construe a dav's work.' in. sert 'eight hours or less shall consti- 1 tute a day's work at present ten hours' pay.' - "Overtime to be paid for at not less than one-eighth of the daily .rate per hour. "In varda now working nn an alcht. hour basis the daily rste shall be the present ten-hour standard rate, with overtime at one-eighth of the present standard daily rate. "In case the law is declared uncon stitutional, eight hours or less at pres ent ten-hour nav will constitute day's work. . ' f""" inc present mileage basis will be maintained: On roads now having a flat ten-hour day in passenger service the rule will be amended to read 'eight within ten hours.' i ..-, - "For all classes of employes In short turn around passenger service where the rule now reads 'eight with in twelve hours,' it will be amended to read 'eight within ten hours.' "For such territory as has no num ber of hours for a day's work iii short turn around passenger service the eight within ten-hour rule applies. Overtime to be paid for at not less than one-eighth of the daily rate per hour. 'The general committee on indi- Adamson Eight-Hour Wage Law Is Held Valid Act Fixing Honrs and Pay of Men Engaged In Banning Trains is Held Con stitutional. FOUR JUDGES DISSENT Washington, March 19. The Adamson eight-hour railroad law was held constitutional and valid in all respects today by the supreme court The decision makes eight hours the standard of a day's work and wages for men in operation of trains and legalizes the wage increases which went into tentative effect on its pas ssge. I The decision was 5 to 4. Justices Day, Pitney and Vandevanter an nounced their dissent from the bench and later Justice McReynolds an nounced his. Justice McKenna concurred in the majority opinion, but on slightly dif ferent grounds. Justice Day read his own dissenting opinion and Justice Pitney delivered the other dissent ing opinion, in which Justice Van De- vanter joined. - In dissenting Justice McReynolds held that congress did not have power to enact the law, but that the majority decision now gives it au thority to fix trainmen's maximum and minimum wages "and to require compulsory arbitration of tabor dis putes which may seriously jeopar dize movement of traffic, and to take measures 1 effectively to protect the free flow . of commerce against any combination, whether of operatives, owners or strangers." vldual railroads may elect to retain their present overtime rules in short turn around passenger service 'or the foregoing provision, but may not make a combination of both to pro duce greater compensation than is provided in either basis. In the event the law Is held to be constitutional, if the foregoing set tlement is inconsistent with the de cision of the court that application will be adjusted to the decision. If declared unconstitutional the above stands with all the provisions ss writ ten. 'The foregoing to govern for such roads, classes of employes and classes of service represented by the national conterence committee ot railroads. Schedules except as modified by the above changes remain as at pres ent." W. G. Lee, head of the trainmen and spokesman for the brotherhood chiefs, declsred today that the settle ment of the controversy was "the grestest victory ever won for labor." "Nearly uu,000 men," he said, 'have won the eight-hour datr with out sacrificing a cent of their money for it We are now in a position to go back to our men with the greatest thing ever put over for labor." Conferences will be held here to morrow between the railway manag ers and the brotherhood chiefs to de cide basis of computation of back pay, 'inasmucn as tne new agreement is to; be retroactive tagfhning Janu ary 1. It is estimated unofficially that ne men have coming to them PHOTOPLAYS. i IL i I A f MATINEE ' K y'K-A tA MATINEE Y. J JJt I ' W II i i AS NIGHT , 1 AS NIGHT THE BEE: OMAHA, TUESDAY, MARCH 20, 1917. " by Supreme Court between $12,000,000 and $13,000,000. In announcing the opinion. Chief Justice White reviewed the negotia tions leading to enactment of the law. He did not read from a prepared opinion, giving it apparently from memory. He told of the president's efforts to avert the strike last Sep tember. "He suggested - arbitration. The employers accepted and the employes refused," said the chief justice. "He then suggested a basic eight-hour day standard. The employers rejected that and the . employes accepted. How the president went to con gress was then recited. "Congress passed the law, that is before us, and the carriers refused to recognise it, he continued. He said the agreement to expedite the case was very laudable. In the early course of the opinion the chief justice said the law was both an eight-hour day act and also a wage-fixing statute. He said it strips the parties of power of con' tract" as to wages. He said the eight-hour provision wss the para mount teaturc. Regarding whether the law is an hour's of labor or wage fixing law, the chief justice said it was both. He said the question of fixing hours of labor by congress was out of the case as unquestioned. Public and Private Rights. The chief justice cited the "hours of service act" as an instance of "hours of labor legislation by con gress, and said transportation was of both private and public interest "The dividing line is so marked that government wilt ot destroy -the private right," said the chief justice. "The power to regulate rests upon both the private and psMic interests involved." He then said the right of private parties to fix private wages was an inherent right and to take it away would be unconstitutional, but added that, considering what congress in tended to do and the failure of the railroads and employes to reach an agreement, to say that the govern ment authority did not have the power "to fill the void would be to declare that the private right had destroyed the public right." He said power of congress was not an "emergency power" and recited the congressional power to fix rates, prohibiting rebates and a "myriad" of regulations to protect the public in terest. He said that power had been extended to employes, citing the "hours of service" act and others, and held there was authoritv of congress to' act because of the failure of the railroads and employes to reach an agreement , . Majority Opinion Text . The majority opinion as delivered by Chief Justice White, follows: . "Was there oower In congress un der the circumstances existing to deal with the hours of work and wages of railroad employes engaged in inter state commerce is the principal ques tion here to be considered. Its solution, as well as that Of other questions, which also arise, will be clarified by a briet statement ot the conditions Out of Which the con troversy arose. ... 1 wo fystcma con'ro.'leo in Marrn, ; 'jf y. ; JL - . 1916, concerning wages of railroad employes; one an eight-hour stand ard of work and wages with addi tional pay for overtime governing on about 15 per cent of the railroads; the other a stated mileage task of 100 miles to be performed during ten hours with extra pay for aoy excess, in force on about 85 per cent of the roads. "The organizations representing the employes of the railroads in that month made a formal demand upon the employers that, as to all engaged in the movement ot trains except pas senger trains, the 100-mile task be fixed for eight' hours, provided that it was not so done as to lower wages and provided that an extra allowance for overtime calculated by the min ute at one and one-half time the rate of the regular hour s service be es tablished. "The demand made this standard obligatory on the railroads, but op tional on the employes, as it left the right to the employes to retain their existing system on any particular road it they elected to do so. Terms of Demands. 'The terms of the demands were as follows, except the one which re served the option which is in the margin and others, making article 1 applicable to yard and switching and hostling service: "Article 1. fa) In all road service 100 miles or less, eight hours or less will constitute a day except in pas senger service. Miles-in excess of loo will be paid for at the same rate per mile. "(c) On runs of over 100 miles overtime will begin when the time on duty exceeds the miles run divided by twelve and a half miles per hour. "(d),. All overtime to be computed on the minute basis and paid for at time and one-half the pro rata rate, "(e) No one shall receive less for eight hours or 100 miles than they now receive for a minimum day or 100 miles for the class of ensrine used or tor service performed. (t) lime will be comouted con tinuously from time required for duty until release from duty and responsi- Dinty at end ot day or run. -"The" employers refused the de mand and the employes hrough their orgsnizations by concert of action took the steps to call a general strike of alt railroad employes throughout tne wnole country. Action by President "The president of the United States invited a conference betveen the par ties, He proposed arbitration. The employers agreed to it and the em ployes rejected it. The president then suggested the eight-hour standard of work and wages. The employers re jected this and the employes accepted it Before the disagreement was re solved, the representatives of the em ployes abruptly called a general strike throughout the whole country, fixed for an early day. The president, stat ing nis ertorts to relieve the situation and pointing out that no resources at law were at his disposal for com' pulsory arbitration to save the com mercial disaster, the property injury and the personal suffering of all, not to say starvation which would be brought to many among the vast body of people if the strike was not prevented, asked congress, first, that the eight-hour standard of work and wages be fixed by law, and, second, that an official body be created to observe during a reasonable time the operation of the legislation, and that PHOTOPLAYS. . . .... iw.ajnonnnonnnnpip jp- an explicit assurance be given that if the result of such observation es tablished such an increased cost to the employers as justified an in creased rate, the power would be given to the Interstate Commerce commission to authorize it. Congress responded by enacting the statute whose validity, as we have said, we are called upon to consider. "The duty to do so arises from the fact that the employers, unwilling to accept the act and challenging the power of congress to enact it, began this typical suit against the officers of certain labor unions and the United States district attorney to enjoin the enforcement of the statute. "The lew was made to take effect only on the first of January, 1917. To expedite the final decision before that date the representatives of labor unions were dropped out, agreements essential to hasten it were made and it was stipulated that oendintr the final disposition of the cause the carriers would keep accounts of the wages which would have been earned if the Statute was enforced so as to(enable their payment if the law was finally upneid. The Dissenting Opinion, Following is the synopsis of the dissenting opinion on the Adamson law by Justice Vandevanter: , "Mr. Justice Pitney, for himself and Mr. justice vandevanter, deliv ered a dissenting - opinion express ing concurrence in tne view of Mr. Justice Day that the Adamson law is unconstitutional because congress, although confessedly not in posses sion of the information necessary for intelligent smd just treatment of the controversy between carriers and the trainmen, arbitrarily imposed upon the carriers the entire and enormous cost of an experimental increase in wages without providing for any com pensation to be paid in case the in vestigation should demonstrate the impropriety of the increase." Justice Day, in his dissenting opin ion, said the legislation amounted to "deprvation of the railroads of prop erty without due process of law." In concurring in the majority opin ion, Justice McKenna differed in that he believed the law "an hours of service" statute and only secondarily a wage-fixing law, and thus within the power of congress." ... Remainder of U. P. Bridge : Is to Be Moved This Week Wednesday of this week has been set as the date for moving the east approach of the Union Pacific's new bridge over the Missouri river into place. Work on the approach, a steel truss span 376 teet in length, has PHOTOPLAYS. TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY ' OEORGE BEBAN la , "HIS SWEETHEART" . . . , A Quaint, Appealing Photodraaaa. Continuous 11 to .11 TODAY AND Wmn'Q&TM5te KMC? ' w-liSvliKlA- WTBOt, "" Latest Metro Comedy "A Modern Romance" 3 THE MONDAY, TUESDAY, WED., THURSDAY PAULINE FREDERICK SAP HO been going on several weeks and it is now finished. , The approach that is to be moved; it similar in construction to the main Ispan, 1,000 feet in length, now in use. 'It carries double track and has been constructed by the -same company that built tne main span. AMUSEMENTS. BRANDEIS Zrirll1? DwuM BRIAN CAWTHORN wild. BENNETT In tk. TrtumptiMit "CYRIL" Nifht, 50c to fa; Matlnw. SQc to fl-M THURS., FRI. AND SAT- MCH. 22-t ThjEta,t John E. Kellerd In ShakHPMraui Rtwrtolra. Phona Douglas 494 - THE BEST OF VAUDEVILLE Bill. MtlKM. 2:11: Nlfct. CIS. TKIl WmL Mr. Martin Back Pmsnti DOROTHY SHOEMAKER CO. MURIEL WORTH. DoMhM 4 SKwirt. Man A Tal ly. Allaan Stanlv. Wllllas 4 jHlai, MIlarM. Or skna Ttanl WMklr. 1 . a,i.lln... iallry, 10a: Bait Stall dxatat ' Salurtay no SatSixl. Ot; NWili. IO--M-;H. liili!l!iiiaiiiiliilitiiiiililtiitiliiinliaMi'iliiihiitaiiiiiliiliiti i nnvn NIGHTS. U-sa-SO-TOc. f i ESU I U Mat. Tomorrow, XSe GEORGE SIDNEY I "busyTzzy" I I A Mualeal Comedy . ? iriiiliiliiliilliaiiliiliili!ialiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiili!li!liil.l:ili!l"l "OMAHAy?UN CENTER" tCrttt(tt7t Daily Mats., lS-aS-SO aa 3 Eroo'fi. IS ........ i unnau i , Bna'fa. t-JS-SO-TBa COME WEEP IT) AND MOUKN () WITH . Tile? SDADT!llfi UinnW Mualeal int, arvnnna niarvnv m u.u' Burlaiqua Tein nf Joy, not Orlif. Hirry Coopw, ehllt pallbMrM or uugnur. ana a nuo oi smkii. dmuv of Uiirtr aoneit lo aoodjieai wldowa liraia aud othorwlM.I (Fllll Pertormancl Frldiy Nlarlt.l i LADIES'. DIME MATINEE EVERY WCEK DAY Sal.. Mat. ana Weak, FRED IRWIN 8 BIO SHOW "GIRL IN THE MOON" Julian Hall Van and Paarca EVANS, LLOYD CO. "THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME" Official War Flcturaa GRAND OPERA Boyd Theatre, Mch. 27-28 Boston National Grand Opera Co. Orchaatra at 80 Chorus of SO International Stars TUESDAY EVE., TOSCA" VillanI, Zaaatallo, Baklanoff, Lusari, MSraa aoni, Conductor. ' WEDNESDAY MAT., "IRIS" Mlura, Kittay, Chaltaare. Moranaoai Conductor. WEDNESDAY EVE., "BOHEME" Tayte, Martin, Man-, Maraoaa Qaorriari, Conductor. SaaU Now at Boa Ofilcat Orchestra $3.00. M OO, .. Balcony tl JO, $2.00, $3.00, $4.00. . Gallery All eaata $1.00. 10c Always WEDNESDAY a? T '. V'- t-'X SPECIAL MUSIC On the Big Organ IViUSEc "Sap Is tahaa from b$i of th$) boat known works ' of Iho famou French - author, AlpkoMM Daudet.. d Paullu Prod- r ortek kaa craototl frosm tfcia famous lltororr charsvclAr rolo that will ltttgar hi tho mind foravor u oao of hor voir frootaat KkiOTO- ), a