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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (March 7, 1917)
THE BEE: OMAHA, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7. 1917. WILD MARKET HERE FOR SHEEPAND HOGS Leads the World in Live Stock Receipts : Hogs Forty Cents Higher. CHICAGO PRICES HIGHER Omaha led the world in lire stock receipt! thi( morning, v A "wild" market pervaded the hog and sheep division. First hogs sold at $14, or a full 20 cents higher than the record of $13.80, established at the . close of the "market Monday. The prices shot up 20 cents in less than an hour, where they remained during the morning, steady to strong. The Chicago top was quoted at $1470. . When asked for a reason for the lush prices and the wild market, A, C. Davenport, stock authority for the Journal Stockman, said, "No one knows. It is just a wild, crazy market and the best we can do is to lie back and wait for the very ton to come." Commission men conferring Mon day at an informal meet in the ex change lobby ventured that $13 was too high for hogs. Three months ago when 12 cents was being paid tor hogs these same commission men aredicted that the "limit had about heen reached." Official receipts in rourtd numbers for the vards here was: Cattle. 5.800; hogs, 15,000, and sheep 8,300. Chicago receipts were: cattle, J.uuu; nogs, 16,000; sheep, 10,000, making the to tals: Omaha, 29,100; Chicago, 29,000. AUSTRIA HOLDS NEUTRALS MUST TAKE OWN RISK (Continued From rage Our.) ton cabinet, in view of statements made on February 10 of last year and on January 31, 1917, by the Austro Hungarian government is now in doubt reeardine the attitude which Austria-Hungary will henceforth oh;. serve regarding the submarine war and as to whether the assurances given by the Austro-Hungarian gov ernment to the Washington cabinet, in the course of negotiations about the Ancona and Persia papers, have not been nullified by the aforemen tioned statement. The Austro-Hungarian government is ready to make a clear and definite statement that these doubts may be solved. England and The Hague. "The Austro-Hungarian govern ment may be allowed first of all to discuss briefly the methods employed by the entente powers in waging sub marine war, because they are the starting point for the intensified sub marine war begun by Austria-Hungary and its allies and also throw a bright light upon the attitude which the Austro-Hungarian government has taken hitherto in regard to the questions which have arisen. When Great Britain joined the war againsU the central powers only a few years had elapsed since that memorable, time when it, in union with other states, began to lay the foundation at The Hague for modern naval war law. Soon afterward the British gov- ernment had assembled in Holland representatives of the great sea pow ers in order to consolidate the fur ther work of The Hague conference, especially in the sense of i just ar rangement between the interested bel ligerents and neutrals. These ef forts aimed at nothing else than the mutual establishment of principles of right, which even in war times should embody the principles of freedom of the seas and the safeguarding of the interests of neutrals. Britain Disregards Own Proposals. "Neutrals were not to enjoy these benefits for long. Hardly had the United Kingdom decided to partici pate in the war when, almost at once, it began to break down the barriers which the principles of international law had erected. While the central powers, in the' very beginning of the war, had declared that they would observe the Declaration of London, which also bore the signature of the British representative, Great Britain threw overboard some of its impor tant provisions. In an endeavor to cut off the central powers from sud plies from overseas, it enlarged, step by step, the list 01 contraband until nothing was missing in the list of rmiigs wuicn today men want tor their subsistence. North Sea Blockade Illegal. "Then Great Britain proclaimed what it called a blockade of the coasts of the North sea, which form also an important commerce route for Austro Hungarians, in order to prevent goods which were still missing in the list of contraband from entering Germany and in order to prevent all sea traffic by neutrals to those coasts as well as all exports brought neutrals. That this blockade was in flagrant contra diction to the customary principles of the right of blockade as established by international agreements was ex plicity declared by the president of the United States of America in words which will continue to live in the his tory of international law. "By the illegal prevention of ex ports from the central powers Great Britain aimed at paralyzing the count less factories and works which the industrial and highly developed peo ples of central Europe had created and, by forcing workmen to be idle, to incite them to rebellion. "When Austria-Hungary's southern neighbor joined the enemies of the central powers, its first act was to declare as blockaded all coasts of the enemy, following, of course, the example of its allies in ignoring all the 'legal rights in the creation' of which Italy had taken an active part llttillMIIIIHItit'irtl.lliHIIIMIlirillll!!!:,!;,!!!!,!!!!!:,!!!!,!!! Those beautiful qual ity pieces of furniture j in the Raymond stock 1 await your inspection at bargain prices. liJLI'H. !::. ..Iiiiiiii, I, Hill H I. ,,,.,,- a short time before. Austria-Hungary did not neglect to inform neutral pow ers at once that the blockade was not legal. Wait Long Before Retaliating. "For more than two years the cen tral powers hesitated. Only then and after long and careful consideration of pros and cons did they begin to return like for like and attacked the enemy on the sea. As the only ones of the belligerents who had done everything to secure the existing treaties which were to guarantee to neutrals the freedom of the seas, they felt with pained hearts the law of the hour which commanded them to vio late this freedom. But they took this step to fulfill the paramount duty toward their peoples and from the conviction that it would help the. prin ciple of the freedom of the seas to be victorious. "The proclamations which they is sued last January are apparently di rected against the rights of neutrals only. In reality they serve towards the restoration of these rights which their enemies have incessantly viola ted and which, if they were victors, they would destroy forever. Thus the submarines which are cruising around the English coast announce to peoples who need the sea and what people does not want coasts? that the day is not far off when the flags of all states in the glory of their newly won freedom can freely fly over the seas. Fighting Battle of Neutrals. "We cherish the hope that this an nouncement will find an echo every- wliere where neutral peoples live and that it will especially be understood by the great people of the . United states, whose most illustrious retire sentative has during the war defended with flaming words the freedom of the seas as the highway of all nations "If the people 'and government of the United States keep in mind .that the blockade proclaimed by Great Britain is not only meant to wear down the central powers by starva tion, but aims at subjecting the seas to its rule, in order to establish in this manner its tyranny over all na tions, while, on the other hand, the blockade of England and its allies only serves to make these powers in cline toward peace with honor and a guarantee to all nations of the free dom ot sea traffic and sea commerce and thereby a secured existence, then the question, which of the two par ties has the right on its side is al ready decided. Though the central powers have no desire in this war to beg for allies, they yet believe that they will be entitled to look to neu trals to appreciate their efforts to re vise in the interest of all the princi ples of international law and equal rights of nations. Ancona and Persia Cases. "In reply now to the auestion nut in the American note of February 18 the Austro-Hungarian government firstly remarks that in the exchange of notes referring to the cases of the Ancona and the Persia it restricted itself to defining its attitude to con crete questions which individually arose, witnout laying down its funda mental legal conception. But in its note of October 19, 1915, referring to the Ancona case, it reserved to itself the right to bring up for discussion at a later date difficult international questions which arise in connection with submarine warfare. If it now refers to this reservation and now briefly discusses the question of sink ing enemy vessels to which that note refers, it is guided bv the desire to show the American government that it now, as heretofore, strictly adheres to tne assurance already given and endeavors by clearing up that impor tant question arising from submarine warfare, because it touched the laws of humanity to avoid misunderstand ings between the monarchy and the .American union. Warning Kernel of Subject. "Above all, the Austro-Hungarian government desires to emphasize that it is also its opinion that the thesis set up by the American government, which also is represented in various learned records, that enemy mer chantmen, apart from cases of at tempted flight and resistance, must not be destroyed without precautions for the safety of the persons aboard, form's so to say, the kernel of the whole subject. Regarded from a higher standpoint, this thesis can, of course, be ranked in a further sug gestive connection, and from that view its domain of application can be marked out more exactly. "From the laws .of humanity the general principle can be derived that when executing the right of destroy ing enemy merchantmen the loss of human life should, as far as possible, be avoided. To this principle the belligerent can only do justice by is suing warning before exercising the right. Therein he can choose the way, which the aforementioned thesis of the American government indi cates, which the jommander of the warship himself gives warning, so that the crew and passe, gers could bring themselves into safety in the last moment, or the government of belligerent states can, f this is a rec ognized as an inevitable necessity of war, issue warning of full effect also before the departure of the vessel which is to be sunk; or finally, it can, if it establishes extensive measures against enemy sea trade, employe a general warning for all enemy vessels in question. "That the principle according to which care must be taken for the safety of the persons aboard under goes exceptions the American gov ernment itself recognized. But the Austro-Hungarian governmen: be lieves that destruction without warn ing is admissible not only when a vessel flees or offers resistance. It appears to niertion only one exam ple that the character of the vessel itself also must be taker, into consid eration. Merchantmen or other pri vate vessels which carry a military garrison o"r arms aboard in order to r jminit hostile acts cf any kmd, may, according to valid right, be destroyed without hesitation. "The Austro-Hungarian govern ment need not call attention to the fact that the belligerent is released of all consideration for human life if his opponent sinks enemy merchant men without previous warning as hap pened with the vessels Elect (Ger man) Dubrovnik (Austrian) Zagreb (Austrian) etc., which already has been repeatedly censured; and in this respect the Austro-Hungarian govern ment never returned like for like, notwithstanding its uncontested right. In the course of the entire war Austro-Hungarian war vessels have not sunk one enemy merchantman with out previous, if only general warning. "The repeatedly mentioned thesis of the United States government also allows various interpretations, inso far, namely, a5 it is doubtful whether as is asserted from various sides, only armed resistance justifies the destruc tion of a vessel with persons aboard, or resistance of another kind; as is shown if the crew intentionally neglects to take the Dasscnecrs into boats the Ancona case or if the passengers themselves refuse to enter boats. According to the opinion of the Austro-Hungarian government, the destruction of a warned vessel without rescuing the persons aboard admissible in cases of the alter kind, because, otherwise, it would be left to the individual passenger to nullify the right of belligerents to sink vessels. Rescue Left to Chance. "Moreover, it mav be oointed out also that there is no unanimity as, re gards in what cases the sinking of neutral merchantmen at all is admis sible. The obligation to issue a warn ing immediately before sinking ves sels leads, according to the opinion of the Austro-Hungarian government, on the one hand to harshness which could be avoided; on the other hand. it is under the circumstances calcu-J lated to injure the justified interests of belligerents. In the first place, it must not be overlooked that the res cue of persons is almost always left to mere chance, as the only choice re maining is to take them aboard war vessels which are exposed to any enemy influence, or to expose them in small boats to the dangers of the ele ments; so that it therefore corre sponds much better to the principles of humanity to prevent persons by timely warning from using endan gered vessels. "Furthermore, notwithstanding care ful examination of all legal questions referring thereto, the Austro-Hungarian government could not come to the conviction that subjects of neu tral states are entitled to travel un molested on enemy vessels." For Neutral Ships Only. "The principle that neutrals in war time also should enjoy the advan tages of freedom of the seas refers only to neutral vessels, not to neu tral persons on board enemy vessels, because belligerents, as is well known, are entitled to prevent the enemy's sea traffic as far as they are able. Being in possession of the necessary war means and considering it neces sary for the attainment of their war aims, they can prohibit sea traffic of enemy merchantmen on pain of their destruction, provided they have pre viously announced this to be their intention, so that everyone, whether enemy or neutral, may be enabled to avoid endangering life. Even if doubts should arise regarding the justifiableness of such procedure and if the enemy should threaten repris als, then this would be an affair for settlement between the belligerents only, who, as generally recognized, are entitled to make the high seas the scene of military operations and to oppose any interference with their enterprises and to decide for them selves what measures should be taken against enemy sea traffic. "In such cases neutrals have no other legitimate interest and. there fore, no other legal claim that that the helligreents inform them in time of prohibitions directed to the enemy that they can avoid entrusting their lives and their goods to enemy ves sels. ' Rights of Belligerents. "The Austro-Hungarian govern ment can suppose that the Washing ton cabinet will agree with these ex planations which, according to the Austro-nunganan government s con viction, are unassailable; as other wise, disputing their correctness would doubtless be tantamount to saying which certainly does not cor respond to the opinion of the United States that neutrals must be free to intefcre with military operations of belligerents or even directly assume the office of judging as to the war means which are to be employed against enemies. Neutrals Must Take Risks. "It appears that it also would be a flagrant misunderstanding if a neu tral government, only to enable its subjects to travel on enemy vessels while they as readily and even with far greater security could use neutra vessels, should fall to arms with a belligerent power which perhaps was fighting for its existence not to sneak of the most serious abuses for which the road would be left clear if the belligerent were to be forced to lower arms before every neutral who desired to use enemy vessels for his business or pleasure trips. Never was there the slightest doubt that neutral sub jects themselves, have to bear all the loss which they suffer by entering on land territory where warlike opera tions are taking place. There .ob viously is no reason to allow differ ent principles for war on sea the more so as at the second peace conference the wish was expressed that until the time when war on sea should have found a settlement by agreements, the law in force for war on land should be employed as far as this was pos sible also for war on sea. "Jn the spirit of what was previ ously said, the regulation that warn ing must be given to a ship which is sunk undergoes exceptions of various kinds, under certain circumstances, as for instance as mentioned by the American government in cases of flight and resistance, when vessels may be destroyed without warning; while in other cases warning before the departure of a vessel is necessarv. The Austro-Hungarian government i can therefore state, what attitude so ever the Washington cabinet may take in regard to individual questions raised here, that it as especially re gards protection of neutrals against endangering their lives, is essentially in accord with the American govern ment. But it was not only satisfied to put into effect in the course of this war the conception represented by it, but beyond that it also accommo dated its attitude with painful care to the thesis set up by the Washing ton cabinet, and would feel inclined to support i; in its endeavor to secure American citizens against dangers at sea, which endeavor it supports by the warmest philanthropy and by in structing and warning those entrusted with it. Arming the Merchantmen. "As regards circular note 10,602 of last year regarding (he treatment of armed enemy merchantmen, the Austro-Hungarian government, it is true, has to state that, as already men tioned previously, it is of the opin ion that the arming of merchantmen, even solely for defense against the exercise of the right of capture, is not established by modern interna tional law. A war vessel is obliged to come into contact with enemy mer chantmen in a peaceful manner. It has to waylay the vessel by certain signals, to enter into communication with the captain, to examine the ship's papers, draw up a protocol and, if necessary, take an inventory, etc. Fiilfiillment of these duties presup poses naturally that the war vessel has full certainty that the merchant man, its part, also will act peace fully. Without doubt such certainty does not exist if the merchantman possesses armament which is suffi cient to fight the war vessel. It can hardly be expected to discharge its duties under the muzzle of guns, whatever their purpose may be. with out mentioning the fact that mer chantmen of the entente powers, Ue spite all assurances to the contrary, are as this has been proved pro vided with arms for an aggressive pur pose and also use them for this pur pose. "It would also be mis-interpretation of the duties of humanity to demand that crews of war vessels expose themselves without defense to arms of the enemy. No state could value its duties of humanity toward the legal defenders of the Fatherland less than its duties toward subjects of. foreign powers. The Austro-Hungarian gov ernment therefore could have stated from conviction that its promise made to the Washington cabinet did Stops Tobacco Habit in One Day Sanitarium Publishes Fr Book Showing How Tobacco Habit Can Bo Banish! in From Ona to Fiva Days at Homo. The Elders Sanitarium located at 660 Main St., St. Joseph, Mo., has published a tree hook nh owing the deadly effect of the tobacco habit ana how it can be banished in from one to five days at home. , Men who have used tobacco for more than fifty yeara have tried this method and nay it ii entirely successful, and In addition to banishing the desire for tobacco, has 1m proved their health wonderfully. This method banishes the desire for tobacco, no matter whether it is smoking, chewing, cigarettes or snuff dipping. As this book is being distributed free, anyone wanting a eopy should send their name and address at once. Advertisement. ma SEE CACKLEY'S before the state goes dry. Our entire stock of high grade wines and liquors at leas than cost prices. CACKLE Y BROS., 16th and Capitol Ave. MAIL ORDERS FILLED Soothes Your Cough and Cold. Dr. Bell's Pine-Tar-Honey uoothes the raw spots, eases cough, kills cold germs. 25c. All druggists. Advertisement. Please Tell Other- What You Know About Bell-aims FOR INDIGESTION If Shakespeare wart live, would ha ba writing the talky thhtga now consid ered as claasics? He would not t he'd bo writing "books" (or burlesque produt-tions. Free tviUusic Lessons to Members of Our EASTER PIANO CIRCLE A Club Offering Remarkable Savings on High Grade Pianos Last Sunday we announced it already nearly a score of wide awake people, alert to the possibilities of real Economy, have become members of the Easter Piano Circle. This is the Plan: 300 Piano Buyers, acting in a body as one individual take 300 Sweet toned Schmoller & Mueller Pianos and Player Pianos. Each buyer' secures the benefit of the wholesale transaction at a cost that will save each member scores of Dollars. Six Special Inducements to Members of the Easter Circle 1 A term of Music Lessons free. . . 2 A Bona Fide 25-Year Guarantee goes with every instrumen . 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CALL OR WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. Schmoller & Mueller Piano Co. Headquarters for Steinway Pianos and Columbia Grafonolas 1311-13 Farnam St., Omaha, Neb. The Leading Piano House of the West. Telephone Douglas 1623. Established 1859. 8chmoller A Mueller Plane Co., 1311-13 Farnam St., Omaha. Gentlemen: Please aend me Catalogue, alto com. plete Information regarding your East er Piano Circle. Name Addreaa not extend, from the very beginning, to armed merchantmen, because ihey. according to the valid principle and right which restrict hostilities to or ganized forces, are to be regarded as pirate vessels which may be de stroyed." South Side Minister Calls On President Wilson Rev. George F. Jonitis of St. An thony's church, Omaha, South Side, was in Washington Monday for the inauguration and called on President Wilson. n Minnesota is at Law With Three States Washington, March 6. Minnesota today answered supreme court suits of North and South Dakota for $1, 000,000 damages each claimed for overflow of lands in the Dakotas from the Mustinka drainage ditch in Min nesota. The answers deny that the Dakotas a.c entitled to damages. In Minnesota's suit against Wis consin to fix the state's boundary in St. Louis Bay, Wis., today Wis consin tiled an answer formally claiming territory also claimed by Saves Eggs Royal Baking Powder makes it possible to pro duce appetizing and wholesome cakes, muffins, cornbread, etc., with fewer eggs than are usually required. In many recipes the number of eggs may be re duced and excellent results obtained by adding an additional quantity of Royal Baking Powder, about a teaspoon, for each egg omitted. The following tested recipe is a practical illustration: SPONGE CAKE I cup eugar DIRECTIONS' Boll auger end water Unj.wiiM until eyrupaplne a thread end add to the n wiw atlffly beaten whltea of egge, beatinf until Segge the mixture la cold. Silt together three t teaapoone Royat Baking Powder tlmea the flour, ealt end baking powdert 1 cud flour beat yolke of egge until thick! add a little . , v ' at e time flour mixture and egg yolk 1 teeapoon lilt alternately to white of egg mleture.atlr- II cup cold water ring after eech addition. Add la cup oold I toaiDoon flavoring water and flavoring. Mia lightly ana bake la moderate oven one hour. Tbe old method called for 6 eggs and no baking powder SG POWDER Made from Cream of Tartar, derived from grapes, adds none but healthful qualities to the food. No Alum No Phosphate Fred Stone Paderewski In "CHIN-CHIN" . Everybody can't be as funny as Fred Stone v But anybody can play as perfectly as Paderewski All tho jingling numbers of "Chin-Chin" or the world's finest music, and with the same expression and delicacy of touch as the great master if they play on a i Schmoller & Mueller Player Piano The. fidelity with which even the touch and the tonal color is re produced is really marvelous, particularly when taking into account the sensitiveness of the instrument, its instant attack and the ease of pedaling. This is because it is ALL Schmoller & Mueller made, each part being built particularly for every other part. It is easiest to play, easiest to accent, has a wider range of individual expression and greatest durability. It lasts. Notwithstanding its admitted superiority, it is at easy to own a Schmoller ft Mueller aa one of the inferior makes because, being sold direct, you avoid paying all jobbers' and agents' profits. 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