THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: FEBRUARY 25, 1917. 11 A MUSHROOMS ARE FOOD OFEPIGDRES Delightful Woodland Flavor Pleases Palates of Fastidious. HOW TO DISTINGUISH THEM Washington, Jin. 1 Moshrooms, which belong to a group of plants known aa fungi, have been used as an artiele of food for hundreds of years. To the epicures of all coun tries, these delicate plants are in de mand because of their delightful woodland flavor. In China and Euro pean countries they are gathered by the poorer classes. Although these people have learned by experience to tell the difference between the com mon edible and poisonous forms, deaths among them from mushroom poisoning are frequent. Even in the United States, it is estimated that about 100 people die each year from mushroom poisoning. In order that the public may know the distinctions between the edible and the poisonous species, a botanist ot the Smithsonian Institute makes the following statement: The popular terms, "mushrooms' and "toadstools," are valueless when one attempts to differentiate between these two types of fungi. There are also a number of so-called tests which are absolutely unreliable. Each kind grows on. lawns, in open fields, and in itie wooas. ine saying mat a musn room is edible because it is found in an open field is therefore, not to be relied upon; nor can reliance be placed upon tests based on odor or taste. Some of our most poisonous forms have both excellent mushroom-ltke odors and tastes. Color, by itself, is no indication, for there are poisonous and edible forms which are white or gray or of various other shades. Neither is neeling a test for edible forms, as some of the most poisonous kinds peel easily. Destroying Angel. Recently a member of the staff of the United States National Museum came npon a group of several people gathering one of the most poisonous species of the mushroom, growing near a summer seashore resort in a wood, which is a popular picnic ground. This form is very enticing because of its beautiful symmetrical shape and its snow white color. But it is called the "destroying angel" and if eaten, is a deadly poison. There is no antidote for it death is sure to follow. There is only one way of dit- tinguishing between edible and pois onous mushrooms, and that is by knowing and being able to recognize the botanical characteristics which the various forms possess. Briefly, these characteristics may be summed up ai follows: The part of the mush room which we see is but the truit of a plant that grows on dead organic matter, either in the ground or In oarts of trees. This plant which has been growing below the surface of the soil for a long time, in some case for years, consists of a fine net work of very delicate threads, having the appearance ot a compact cobweb. Ordinarily the portion of the fungus in the earth is not observed; when fruiting time comes, however, this cobwebby structure sends out a small rounded egg-like body, known as the button. The button growi rapidly and soon bursts, revealing a small, cap-like portion borne upon a stem. It is this cap and stem which consti tute most of the so-called mushrooms. As the cap and stem enlarge and grow upward, portions of the button-sheath may be either borne upward on top of the cap, giving the cap a warty ap pearance, or they may pass away. 1 he lower half of the sheath may disap pear or may remain in the form of a cup around the base of the stem. The presence or absence of this cup, known botanically as a volva. Is an important feature in identification, for some of the most poisonous forms possess tnis structure. At first the margin of the cap is attached to the stem by a connecting membrane. which readily ruptures, revealing the gills' on the under aide of the cap. Portions of the membrane may re main on the stem in the form of a ring and the outer portions may remain at tached to the edge of the cap. The presence or absence of this ring on the stem is another important dis tinguishing feature. These character istics together with the color of the spores (minute bodies which, like seeds, propagate new plants), borne upon the gills, make up the most im portant features which enable one to judge with certainty the edible qual ity. All mushrooms which possess a volva at the base of the stem and a ring on the upper portion of the stem should be rejected. When collecting mushrooms it is necessary to dig up the base of the stem together with the main body, otherwise the volva .may be overlooked. Pink GUI.. The common field mushroom pos seses pink gills, which turn black with age and a ring around the up per part of the stem, but has no volva or cup at its base. This is the principal mushroom grown com mercially, and, when properly pre pared, it is indeed a delicacy. It is found in open fields from August to October and may be recognized by its pink gills, the gray shiny cover of the cap and stem, and by the other characteristics just mentioned. All puff balls when young and pos sessing white flesh are also edible. The common morel or sponge mush room, possesses excellent eating quality and may easily be recogniied. It has a much furrowed and wrinkled conical top, which is borne on a more or less elongated stem. There are no true gills, the spores being home on the irregular pitted heads. When fresh these tops appear yel lowish and are borne on a white stem. The morel is usually found growing in the woods in the spring of the year. The coral mushroom it another edible one easy to recognize. The top is, in this case, made up of a much branched, coral-like structure of a white or yellow color. It is found growing on decayed logs or on the ground in shady places, and, if obtained fresh and of a good odor and taste, makes a very fine dish. Those who are acquainted with the shaggy-mane, the two species of "ink cap, the sulphur-colored polypore and the oyster mushroom, need not 'hesitate to use them. THREE BILLION DOLLARS DAMAGE Franoe Anticipates More Than Two Million Claims in War Indemnity Tribunals. WANT PROMPT PAYMENT (CarraapoeSaaoa of Th AJfiodattd Pi-mi.) Paris, Jan. 8. Fifteen billion francs it the estimate most generally ac cepted as the total of war damages to public and private property in France, according to Georges Detplas, of the war damaget committee of the Chamber of Deputies, who has charge of the legislation for the set tlement of those damages. Although prior to this war such damages were, classed at cataatrophies over which neither men nor governments had any control, the general principle of in demnity for such damages, whether by the invaders or by the home army, was accepted by the Chamber of Deputies last year and a provisional sum of 300,000,000 francs has already been appropriated for immediate dis tribution. More than 2,000,000 claims are an ticipated, a number so vast that it would take the thirty courts of the invaded departments of France about 178 years to settle them ot their nor mal rate of procedure, says M. Des plas in explaining to the Associated Press the bill now under discussion In Parliament. "It proposes," he says, "the creation of temporary war indemnity tribunals somewhat similar to the courts of claims in the United States after the civil war. Each can ton and each department in the in vaded region will have commissions which will appraise damages. The temporary war tribunals in each de partment will pasa upon these claims and in cases of contest appeals will be made to a body called the higher commission, composed of members of Parliament, Justices of the supreme court, representatives of the different agricultural societies and various de partments of the government, as al ready provided for by the law of July 20, 1915. Inclusive BUI. "The bill admits all property hold ers, corporations, departments and municipalities, at well as individuals, to the right to indemnities. It does not tpecificially accord the right to foreign property holders because such a general principle would establish a precedent from which other nations would at once benefit without any prospect of a reciprocal advantage for t ranee, as to neutrals ana suojecis of countries allied to France, it will be a question of treatiet to be nego tiated, In the main, since the only ex isting treatiet that might be inter nreted at entitling subjects of an other country to the tame rights as French citizent art with Switierlind, Spain and Denmark. The propoted taw declares to be "war damage:" Immediate damages caused by military operations of the German or allied troops, by fire, theft, pillage, or at the result of enforced flight or captivity of the population or removal of their chattels by the enemy. The basis of the appraisal will be the ivalue of the property before the war. The re-employment of the sums paid as indemnities in the reconstruc tion or reconstitution of the property destroyed or damaged is one of the much debated articles of the meas ure. The object of it is to assure" the reconstruction of France s econo- mic machinery and discourage any tendency of claimants to abandon in dustries or occupations upon which the prosperity of the country de pends. Prompt Reparation. Prompt reparation of damaVe after the liberation of the invaded terri tory and immediate reconstruction of industries and homes to at to restore at the earliest possible moment the economic life of the devastated prov inces; that is what we are seeking to accomplish," said M. Desplas. The Germans still occupy 2,354 of the 36,247 communes of France. In those communes there were 3,430,828 inhabitants before the war with 875.- UOO habitations and 15.490 factories Complete information regarding dam ages in territory that was temporar ily occupied by the Germans, but now liberated, has been gathered by the committee from 753 communes and showed a total of 17.669 bulldinc-u completely demolished and 25,594 partly destroyed. The occupation of these oarts nf tne invaded Departments, s nee her- ated, was brief, and the damages they sunerea are supposed to be insig nificant in comparison with the regions in rroximitv to the lnmr at. tionary battle front and behind the ijerman lines, The losses in raw material and ma chinery taken from the department of the Nord alone will run into bil lions. The department of the Aisne nas also suffered heavily, as well as the Pas de Calais, while h ment of the Ardennes, entirely occu pied since August, 1914, will furnish claims running into the hundreds of millions. France Gets New Idea Relative to American Women (CorraaponSanca of Tha AaaoelataS Fran.) Paris. Ian. 30 "The Am.r;r.n woman will come out of this war un der an aspect entirely different from that hitherto given to her by French writers and critics," says the Temps. "For fifty years she was presented to ua hv nur rnmanrra anil authors as an opulent beauty of ex travagant weaitn, witn a 'madness for expenditure, with eccentric tastes and a life of audacity. "Did they really imagine that these little nervous and eccentric beings that they presented to us, spoiled chil dren of immensely wealthy families, always agitated, thirsting for pleas ure and poise, were the only American women? To those who have not the leisure to rmil tha nran and content themselves with observing the American women among us, the war will have unveiled the real visage of many of them. "It will be perceived that their ardor to live may also be an ardor to mafr live a natainn fnr rlvtinn suffering; that the mania of agitation, mat need tor bustle, as they call it, may become the most beautiful of ac tivities when it is animated by the inirit nf rharitv It will ha nTmvA that extravagance in absurd expendi- MILITIA GUARD ALL GREAT NEW YORK BRIDGES One of the many scenes in New York reflecting the tension between the United States and Germany. A member of the Second battalion, New York State Naval Militia, is shown on guard on the Manhattan bridge, one of the newest suspension bridges from Manhattan to Brooklyn across the East river. ROSS-JAP TREATY IS STRONG PACT Collateral Agreements Most Important Parts of Eecent Reapproachment. BOTH WITHDRAW TROOPS (CorraapoManxa of Tha Aaioel&tad PreM,) London, Dec. 25. According to in formation through Kussian sources, the recent reapproachinent between Russia and Japan is likely to have a more far-reaching effect than is shown in the formal treaty signed at Tokio and made public. The formal treaty had a platonic assurance that neither country will attack the other, and in case of a difference both countries will consult with a view to adjustment. But Russian officials who were in Japan at the time of the negotiations, and are now here en route homeward, say certain collateral agreements made in conjunction with the treaty, eive it a real and practical bearing and are really more important, than the treaty itself. One of these collateral features as described by the Russian officials, is the withdrawal ot Japanese troops sta tioned as a euard in central and west ern Manchuria, The presence of these troops, while not an aggressive move, has been considered a sufficient menace to require the presence of a like Kussian force in eastern Siberia, along the border of Manchuria. The withdrawal of the Japanese troops is said to be of great advantage to Rus sia, as it now permits the large force of Russian soldiers, hitherto held in active, to be transferred to the west ern fighting front. This feature-, which is not expressed in the treaty, is said to be one of the chief cor rollaries from the formal agreement not to attack each other. Enlarging Treaty. Other features agreed upon are said to be in extension and develop ment of the terms Japan received un der the treaty of Portsmouth. Fol lowing that treaty the great trunk rail way running north from Port Arthur and Dalney through southern Man churia passed under Japanese control. This control is now to be further ex tended northward, from Shangtung to Harbin, thus giving Japan authority over practically all of the great trunk lines through Manchuria. Another extension of Japan's com mercial authority will be on the Sun gari river, one of the great branches of the Amur, heretofore restricted in trade to Russia, but now to be open throughout its length to the com merce of Japan. The Sungari is -800 miles long and its adjacent commerce is so great that the region has the distinctive name of Sungaria. The Portsmouth treaty also gave Japan one-half of the island of Sak halin lying of the Russian Pacific coast, and practically a part of the Japanese group of islands as it is sep arated from Yezo only by a narrow strait. Under the new agreement it is said that Japan will acquire the other half of Sakhalin at the conclu of the war, thus extending its au thority over the entire island, with an area of some 30,000 square miles, and completing its control of all the islands in the Japanese groups. Referring to the effect of the treaty not only the formal text, but the collateral effects or the present and future as above summarized a dis tinguished Russian said: "Russia sets immediate advantages in the release of its Siberia troops for its western fighting front. But in commercial and territorial advantages Japan secures exceptional advantages, its extension ot territory Deing greater than any of the belligerent allies has secured during the war." Eating Meat Regu Kidneys, Then Flubh your Kidneys occasionally with a tablespoonful of Salts to avoid danger. Most folks forget that the kidneys, like the bowels, tret Blutrirish and clogged and need a flushing occasion ally, else we have backache and dull misery in the kidney region, severe headaches, rheumatic twinges, torpid liver, acid stomach, sleeplessness and all sorts of bladder disorders. You simply must keep your kid neys active and clean, and the mo ment you feel an ache or pain in the kidney region, get about four ounces of Jad salts .from any good drug store here, take a tablespoonful in I Brief City News Prtat It Now SMn naaa. KlaaeT, Booka, moved to Loral Hotel Bids. QuailtM qaara auftntlta. Edhotm. Jawalar. Commencement Gift Stolen Burg lars gained entrance to the home of Frank Abbott, 117 North Twenty-sixth street, Friday night and stole a gold watch from the room ot Miss M. C. Bouler, a roomer. The watch was a commencement gift of Miss Bouler's from her parents, when shs graduated from college. Miss Bouler is the sis ter of Dr. T. D. Bouler, assistant city physician. Tom Auld Gives a Library Tom Auld, chairman of the board of the Corn Exchange National bank of Omaha, who Is spending the winter In California, has given Red Cloud, where he once lived, 120,000 with which to purchase a sits, a building and furnish it as a library.. The city will appropriate 11,000 a year for maintenance. Mr. Auld has also given considerable to the parks of Lincoln. He Is part owner of the State bank at Red Cloud. Musicians to Keep Open House The Omaha Musicians' association will keep open house all day Monday at their new headqarters, 1518 Capitol avenue. R. Olsen, the president; Fred Phslpa, secretary and Harry Hammer, chairman of the entertainment com mittee, will be on hand to welcome the visitors. , Cracker Samples Stolen A leather suit case containing samples of Loose Wiles' products was reported stolen by M. Konecky, 2231 Willis avenue, salesman, from his auto which he left standing in front of 109 South Thir teenth street Fonr IJve hi One Room The health office has been requested to take cognizance of a family of four persons living In one room at Flfty flfth and Mason greets. New Hark Is Set The "J, 000 club" will be all out of date In Commercial club circles this year. For a new campaign is to be started to raise the membership to t,600 this year. Two Tires Stolen R. S. Baxter, C014 Capitol avenue, reported to the police that burglars gained entrance to his garage by breaking the window Friday night. Two tires were stolen. Ford Is Missing Harold L. Prltch ard, 115 South Thirty-eighth street, left his Ford standing at Eighteenth and Douglas streets for a few hours. When he returned the car was gone. Council Blnffa Man Robbrti About 9 o'clock Friday evening, John Mc Kinney, Council Bluffs, met two white men near Thirteenth and Harney who strongarmed and robbed him of $38. T7rT 17 1 PCI TI i ii .1 j, JMt t EALTH f Lints Choose an agree able diet ! Keep the digestion normal See that the liver is active, and The bowels always regular Should weakness develop, TRY HOSTETTER'S Stomach Bitters ar Clogs the Your Back Hurts a glass of water before breakfast for a few days and your kidneys will then act fine. This famous salts is msde from the acid of grapes and lemon 1 juice, combined with lithia, and is harmless to flesh clogged kidneys and i stimulate them to normal activity. It ' also neutralizes the acida in the urine ,' so it no longer irritates, thus ending i bladder disorders. Jad Salts is harmless; inexpensive; makes a delightful effervescent lithia water drink which everybody should take now and then to keep their kid neys clean, thus avoiding serious com plications. A well-known local druggist says he sells lots of Jad Salts to folks who ; halieve in nv,rrnmina kirln., am Boot while it is only trouble. Adv. 1 WILL HOLLAND LOSE ITS WARWITH SEA? Land Level of the Oountrj is Gradually Sinking Water Menaces Now. SUBSIDENCE IS ALARMING (Corraapond.nna of Tba Aaaorlat.tl Pr.aa. ) The Hague, Netherlands, Dec. 5. It may not materially affect the pres- j e nt generation or the next, but if the i I I I I c w-ii I .' iiiu icci ui nuuuiiu tuuiinurs ui sink, there is danger of the subsidence becoming so great that, despite all the progress ot engineering science, it will be impossible to much longer continue the present ceaseless strug gle with the waters. That is the view expressed before the Geological Min ing society for Holland and its cot-, onies by Prof. Molengraatt of the Polytechnic University of Delft, who is the foremost Dutch geological au thority. A large part of the Netherlands, particularly the western and north western provinces, lies some feet be low the level of the sea, which is only kept from overflowing hundreds of square miles of land by the nat ural barrier of the long line of sand dunes that fringe the cost, reinforced at two or three points by aitificial means. The level of rivers and many of the canals in such regions are likewise higher than the surrounding country, being held ill check by the dikes and embankments that are maintained at great pains and corres pondingly high cost by ' the nation. Xaturally, therefore, the question of the continued, if very gradual, fall of the land level bears an important as pect in the eyes of the Dutch people, and it ha recently been the subject of discussion among expert geologists and hydrographical engineers. Sentiment and Cost. "If," declares Prof. Molengraaff, "the subsidence is of such a nature that within measursble time a posi tion of equilibrium comes about, then the cost of keeping the land drained will become so high that there will no longer be much advantage at tached to its possession, albeit there are always historical and sentimental arguments for that. If, however, the total expenditure should exceed the total income, then the common sense of the Dutch people would lead them to withdraw to higher regions." Opinions differ on the question of whether the ground is still sinking, and what influences are responsible for such a phenomenon. Some ex perts, like the civil engineer, D. H. S. Btaupot ten Cate, suppose that the fall is a consequence of what happened in the middle tertiary period. Mr. Ten Cate's theory is that Holland is built up on alluvial mnd flats, which still participate in various movements of the soil. Some authorities believe that a material subsidence is still tak ing place, while others, again, are of opinion that the phenomena observed are a consequence of certain move ments of the sea level, whereby vari our influences of another nature play a role; that the sea level alters, but that the land itself does not sink. Another civil engineer, J. C. Ra maer, is convinced from the results of water gauge observations that there has been a subsidence of the land of Holland, as well as of that of bordering countries and the greater part of the British isles. I AUCTION I The undersigned, after being in the Transfer and Freight Business over 20 years, will offer at Public Sale at .4911 South 24th Street SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. Saturday, March 3, '17 Commencing at 10 o'Clock Sharp 70-Work Horses-70 These Horses are an extra good lot, from 6 to 12 years old, and weighing 1,200 to 1,600 pounds, and should make useful Horses for farmers to buy, who want a real work horse. All city broke, thoroughly acclimated and not afraid to work. Harness and Wagons 35 sets double, heavy Concord Harness; 6 sets of Heavy Single Harness; 4 Hack Harness; 4 sets of Driving Harness; 40 double Box. and Stake1 Wagons (these wagons are all in good repair); 6 Single Wagons; 2 Top Buggies, 3 Hacks, 4 Runabouts, 1 Depot Wagon (nearly new-). Large Quantity of Horse Blankets, Canvas Wagon Covers and Other Articles, Used in the Transfer Business, Too Numerous to Mention. ; SALE POSITIVE-NO POSTPONEMENT s awsesMBseMsei immmmmmmmmmmmmmmmammmmmmmmmmmm Everything will be sold without reserve and the high dollar gets it. TERMS: All sales under $20 cash. Notes, ten months' time, at 8 interest, will be taken on approved security. 5 HOLMES-ADKINS GO W.A. C. JOHNSON, PEACE TALK DROPS . PRICESJN JAPAN Business Depression and Al most a Panic Follows Propo sition to End the War. I NOT WITH CENTRAL POWER (Cftrra.pond.nc, of Tha AwinolBt.fl rreat. ) Tokio, Jan. 10 The peace move of i the central powers was followed in japat iy a stianen aim general busi ness depression, which shows to what extent the industrial boom in this country is the result of the war. En terprises devoted to furnishing sup plies to the entente allies and ship ping shares were so affected that the whole market dropped and the di rectors closed the exchange for sev eral days. Buyers on a margin were forced to abandon the market alto gether and there was considerable un loading regardless of values. It is felt that many stocks under the war in fluence has reached a stage of infla tion and investors believe that after the atmosphere is cleared prices will return to a normal stage. Addressing the metropolitan bank ers. Premier Count Terauchi, refer ring to the German peace proposal, and to the temporary panic in eco nomic circles, expressed the opinion that the present time is by no means opportune for the entente powers to conclude peace and that they would not lay aside arms and stop hostilities until they have attained their object. He continued: "The situation has fa vored the commerce and industry of the empire. This will last till the termination of the war, but in order to secure a permanent guarantee, of commercial and industrial prosperity efforts must be msde to consider messures for post-bellum arrangements.- Efforts must be made to en hance the credit of domestic manu factures and to develop a permanent Eat Heartily Ui Stunrt'i Dyepepsia Tablet Aftr Each Maal and You Can Eat a Much aa You Want of What You Want. .Writ for FREE Trial Padua. When you wtr a child rou at rsvsmouilr of anything that pleased your tuti, Ho dyspepsia or other "stomach trouble" re sulted. Why? Bmuh your stomach juleee wtrs plentiful. Make up for the preaent de ficiency with Stuart' Dyspepsia Tablet while your supply "eatchea up. It will pay you well. Sit down to your next meal with the eon fldenee born of the knowledr that you have a couple of Stuart'a Dyspepsia Tablet ready to take afterward. Bat heartily. Enjoy your food in peace. Let your appetite have full play. When all throuvh, take a eouple of Stuart'a Dyspepsia Tablet and fear no eon equenee. Thousand her taken this ad vloe and been glad they did. Get a (0 box of Stuart'a Dyspepsia Tab lets from your druggist, or mall tha below coupon today. Free Trial Coupon P. A. Stuart Co., 159 Stuart BuOdtag. Marshal, Midi., send meat oneca free trial package of Stuart' Dyapapsla Tab let. Name. . , '..,,."...., , Street Ofty 4 Stat........ Clerk. 1 market in foreign lands." 1 The Japanese press was practically ' unaiiimuus in the opinion that the ' peace proposition of the central pow ers was not sincere and expressed lite ; belief that it had been forced on Cier- -many by internal conditions, j Speaking of Japanese terms at a possiMe peace conference, the news papers declared that Japan would never agree to the return ot Mao- Chow to Germany and to the restora tion of a German naval base on the coast of China. Famous Wash Heals Skin D. D. D., tha graatret of skin remedial will , remove those tkin afflictions that have marie Cr lift a burden. That Intolerable itching. Ding and dttconfort will dlaappear under the majrta (if tn I ranted?. It has cured many cases pronounced incurable and will reach yonr caae. We guarantee the first bottle t bring you relief. Mc, too and $10, IK B. ID, SHERMAN McCONNELL DRUG CO. Join Ths . Schmoller & Mueller : EASTER PIANO CIRCLE Save from $100 or more on s High-Grade Upright, Grand or Player Piano. Act now. Call or write for catalogue snd complete information. SCHMOLLER A MUELLER PIANO CO., 1311-1313 Farnam St. Health Talks (Br Dr. BurfaanO. In the march of progress, drug less therapy is abreast the times, and right in the front rank of inch forms is to be foohd Chiropractic, the most potent and meritorious druglesa health science known to man. . Chiropractic Is no miracle; the phenomenal results following the application of the system are sole ly a result of complying with na tural law. Chiropractic has proved potent and efficient in all manner of dis eases, including those of the stom ach, liver, kidneys, bowels, head ache, insomnia, nervousness, rheu matism, backaches, etc., as well as the very large clan known as wo men ' diseases. - The sooner suffering humanity acquires a thorough understanding of the Chiropractic adjustment, the quicker will mankind rid itself of morbid conditions and abnor malitiesand disease itself. No matter what your ailment may be, you owe it to yourself to investigate this system of healing that enables nature to restore you to health without the use of drugs In any form. Consultation Is free. Adjustments are $1.00. Dn Burhorn, Chiropractor CoT. let a.d ParSU Sta. SulU 414-41S Roa. BM(. . riM. Drat. S347. . Palmar SchMl Craafcuta. , 'Chtraarmetk Fatmtaja Haaa l ' I. C. GALLUP, Auctioneer;