THE BEE: OMAHA, MONDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1916.
THE OMAHA DAILY BEE
FOUNDED BY COWARD ROSEWATEB
VICTOR ROSE WATER EDITOB
THE BEE PUBLISHING COMPANY PROPRIETOR
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AUGUST CIRCULATION
55,755 Daily Sunday 51,048
Dwight willlama. elrculation manager of Th Be
Pnblinliing eomp-.ny, being duly aworn. aaya that th
average circulation (or the month of Auguet, ISIS, waa
6S.76S daily. .nd ll.4 Sunday
P WIGHT WILLIAMS. Circulation Manager.
Sabsenbed in my presence and a worn to before
this Id day of September, .
ROBERT HUNTER, Motary Publla.
Subacribar laY.a Ik alt Uraaorarlly
ekeuM ban Th Baa mailed U thara. Ad
draaa will ba- ahangad aa aftaai aa rwqylred.
Still, all tilings considered, October it iome
tjocen. '
. Democrats heard from Maine all right, and
from New Jersey, too. But disagreeable lubjecti
are barred from present conversation.
Omaha fans need not envy the anxiety the
world's series puts upon Brooklyn and Boston.
The strain of capturing one pennant is a-plenty.
. "The precepts of democracy," says the oracle,
."provide for a fighting chance for the little fel
low." Also for galvanized bank charters, jail
feed jobs and other incidentals.
The present Mexican regime differs from its
predecessors in banking methods. Othen were
satisfied with the contents of the safes. Car
ranza takes over the whole works so that nary
a peso escapes. ' . t
Some years ago foreigners mocked the Amer
ican dollar as an emblem of gross commrecitl
ism. Now they are eager to pawn their clothes
pr any other acceptable security for s package
of golden eagles. .
The Kansas fire marshal gives notice that
"October is the time to prevent January fires"
. and there is more truth than poetry in that. Lame
furnaces and defective flues start conflagrations
when coal is piled on to offset the midwinter cold
''.snap. . o ,
The rarity of extortion practiced on city vis
itors makes (he offense all the more contemptible.
Those who are guilty of it deserve the limit.
Cordial public support is assured the authorities
in vigorously suppressing this and every class of
hold-ups. ' ' :
- The government of Sweden displays commend
able vigor in resenting British aspersion on its
neutrality. If all neutrals employed equally em
phatic words the London critics of neutral mo
tives might dispense with the mortise as a me
dium of light. -
. . New York City established a municipal garage
on the first of the year. As a consequence re
pairs and upkeep bills were reduced from $100,655
to $50,000 in six months, and the hours of service
materially, increased. This showing of economy
suggests imitation. :
. ; a ... : ...
The vastly increased production of' gasoline
during 1915, 55 per cent over 1914, supplies a
cheery excuse for the enhanced price. The huge
output strained the capacity of tanks and refiner
ies and multiplied the gray haira of the manag
ers. Similar causes produce like effects on ice
men when the winter crop exceeds capacity. The
latter neglected to copyright the excuse. "
An economic revolution grips several labor
sections of the south, growing out of emigration
of negro laborers to the north. Alabama, Mis
sissippi and Georgia, are taking notice of the
movement and manifest serious concern. A short
age of colored labor in these sections, where white
labor is scarce, may develop s higher respect for
an essential force in southern development.
War Effects On America
i The attempt to measure the effect -of the war
on American business by the actual sales of war
munitions is obviously absurd. Not even the
huge exports of fabricated articles begin to tell
the story. These sre enormous, easily surpassing
anything in history. These exports not only
went to the belligerent countries and to contigu
ous neutral countries shut off from their nor
mal sources of supplv and with their internal pro
duction limited by the fact that they had to keep
armies ready to protect their neutrality but to
the markets of remote countries. The United
States has enjoyed almost s monopoly of trade
in many articles all over the world since the war
began. More important still, our home market
has been freed from the fierce competition that
was curtailing production, closing mills and fac
tories and throwing hundreds of thousands out
of employment in the winter of 1913 and the
spring and summer of 1914. Nobody can con
ceive of conditions more stimulating to American
commercial and industrial activity than Jhose
brought by the war.
But the effects do not stop there. We are sav
ing the $150,000,000 American tourists have been
accustomed to spend in Europe every year. It
is estimated that the liquidation of foreign-owned
American securities has resulted in our having
to send only $70,000,000 abroad in interest and
dividends instead of the $100,000,000 before the
war. Furthermore, the drain of most of the
$50,000,000 s year aliens once sent to relativea
abroad has been stopped. It is estimated that
the annual interest payments on foreign bonds
held in this country will reach $87,500,000.
The bare recital of these facts shows how in
sulting to the intelligence of American citizens
is the claim of the democrats that their party is
responsible for current prosperity. There is no
way it could have possibly stopped or even
checked it, except -t a general embargo on trade.
Conditions in 1913 and 1914 were promoted by
democratic policies, although the president con
sidered them "largely psychological." J
Make This Street Fair the Last One.
For every feature, but one, of the Wonderful
Week just past which has drawn to us the at
tention of the whole country, every loyal citizen
of Omaha has felt a justified pride. The single
exception, which has called for constant apology
and which is mentioned only with shame, is the
disgraceful street fair with its side-show mon
strosities and dubious demonstrations which in
stead of being a credit, is a poaitive discredit to
our city. ,
We know that the , Ak-Sar-Ben governors,
themselves, take no satisfaction in the street-fair
because their only excuse for continuing it is
that it is a revenue-producing enterprise and that
they see no other way of making up the proceeds
with as little effort. We think that excuse, which
is a humiliation in itself, finds its answer in the
fact that as a money-maker the street fair is
rapidly losing its potency for, on the face of it,
with all the tremendous crowds brought to Omaha
by the semi-centennial celebration, the beautiful
street pageants and the president's visit, but a
few thousand more admissions are registered at
the carnival than were registered last year. It
is realty gratifying to note that the sort of amuse
ment furnished by the street-fair does not main
tain its popularity nor meet even the 'test of box
office requirements. ' , - ;
So The Bee suggests to the Ak-Sar-Ben board:
Why not make this street fair the last one? Why
not devise some better way to finance legitimate
Ak-Sar-Ben activities? Why not call upon pub-tic-spirited
business men to make their parade
fund contributions big enough to cover requisi
tions for that purpose, without being eked out by
hoochie-coochie quarters and paddle-wheel dimes?
"Keeping Us Out of War."
Driven from other defenses of the ineffec
tive foreign policy of the present administration,
the democrats resort to the cry that the presi
dent has "kept us out of war." True, but so did
every American president for seventy years, save
Lincoln and Mckinley. But In "keeping us out
of war" Mr. Wilson has found it necessary to
start two little wars, from neither of which
can the United States extract any consolation
or comfort, and has kept the country continually
n the verge of a big war by its vacillating
course. At the Omaha Auditorium he said we
would fight, but we must know what we are
fighting for. About the only reason the Ameri
can people have ever accepted as cause for war
is to redress s wilful Invasion of our rights,
or to succor an oppressed and otherwise de
fenseless people. This is well understood and no
special credit can be claimed by an American
executive who holda himself (rue to these Ameri
can ideals. ,
Has Mr. Wilson maintained the dignity of the
American nation, and the integrity of American
citizenship? We know from his record that he
has not deemed murder of Americans, violation
of American women, destruction of American
property, and general defiance of American rights
cause for resentment beyond dispatch of notes
to offenders, who have given them no heed. We
know' that today) he is being flouted by the
bigoted Carransa,' while the desperate Villa and
Zapata pay no attention to him, What we do
not know is what will be his course in the future.
Aside from one Englishman and some Chinese,
Americans were the only foreigners to be mur
dered in Mexico. Carranza, however, showed no
respect for the property rights of Frenchmen,
Germans and other foreigners. ' These ' govern
ments sre not so deeply engrossed in the Euro
pean war , that they can not watch over their
citizens aboard. For compensation , for dam
ages they have brought their case to Washing
ton, this government, under the Monroe doctrine,
having accepted responsibility for the Mexican
anarchists. Protests are just now being vigor
uosly renewed at the State department We may
be very sure that none of the European govern
ments will abandon their citizens in Mexico, as
ours did. This brings the settlement squarely
home to us. Either we must satisfy the ctalma
of the Europeans, or we must abandon the Mon
ro doctrine, and allow England, France, Ger
many and other of the offended powers to deal
with Mexico directly. .- i
This is but one of the embarrassment! brought
to the United States by the wishy-washy, methods
pursued by the president in his efforts to keep
us out of war. Postponing the settlement will
not make it easier, for the reckoning must be
made up some time.
Skipping Two Years' Record.
' Democratic spellbinders and minnesingers
lightly skip over the first two years of Presi
dent 'Wilson's term in office and put the loud
pedal on the present-day boom.v Jumping from
1912 to 1916, they omit about all that passed
between. For example, they do not tell any
body that the 90-cent wheat qf 1912 became
80-cent wheat in. 1913,' and 70-cent wheat in
1914. All they shout over is the $1.50 wheat
of today, saying nothing of the fact that if
our democratic senator had had his way, and
the embargo he proposed had been placed on war
supplies, the price of wheat would now be down
to about the point it reached in the good old days
when democracy was arguing for free silver in
order to restore prosperity that had vanished
under its administration of national affairs. The
men who stood in the bread lines in 1915 are not
likely to forget so easily, and will hardly be bam
boozled again by the promises of the free trade'
confidence men who pledged themselves in 1912
to lower the cost of living, and are now boasting
about how they have boosted prices. ' ,
Effect of Hughes' Decision tn
Minnesota Rate Case
-Judge Ira's. Mills-
I ronAVi
Chairman Minnesota Railroad and Warahouaa CommUalaau
The service rendered by Charles E. Hughes,
republican nominee for president, to those who
pay the freight, should not be lost sight of in the
present campaign. When he gave up the govern
orship of New York to assume the duties of judge
of the United States supreme court, the highest
tribunal in the land, there was pending in the
lower federal courts, questions involving the val
idity of the rates made by the state commissions
and the legislatures of Minnesota, Missouri, Kan
sas, Nebraska and South Dakota. The rates made
by the state authorities in each of these states had
been attacked by the railroad companies. An in
junction had been obtained by the stockholders
of the carriers, in the circuit court of the United
States, preventing the enforcement of the state-
made rates. ' ,
The Minnesota rate case was tried in the cir
cuit court before Judge Sanborn of the Eighth
circuit, and decided Aoril 8. 1911. The freight
rates fixed by the commission and the legisla
ture, and the si-cent per mile passenger tare
were permanently enjoined, and shippers from
April, 1911, to June, 1913, were permanently de
prived of the legal rates fixed by the state au
thorities. On that date Judge Hughes' decision,
in the favor of the shippers, was handed down;
the decision of the circuit court was reversed,
and since that time the state rates have been in
force.
Judge Hughes' opinion in this case, known as
the Minnesota Rate Case, will be found in 230
U. S, Supreme court Report, page 352. It is one
of the most able opinions ever written by a justice
of the supreme court of the United States, and
will compare favorably with those of John Mar
During the last six months of the fiscal year
British war expenses overtopped receipts by
$9,000,000,000, more than half of it being newly
created debt The cost of war operations in
creased $5,000,000,000 over the preceding six
months. When the accounts are cast up at the
finish the debt footings promise to stagger those
who live to shoulder the load. -
An initial test of class power in politics Is
planned by the fanners of North Dakota. Farmers,
it is claimed, constitute 85 per cent of the popu
lation and assert their right to rule the state. A
state ticket composed of farmers is up for ratifica
tion at the polls next month. If the farmers stick
together and vote as they plow, political farming
will become a lively industry in the bad lands
and the good lands.
eaMBasMBeM '
Life In Gotham is a merry round of hammer
knocks for the jostling multitude. The street car
strike barely ceased to worry when war broke
out between milk producers and milk distributors.
While rival organisations indulge in heated de
bates a milk famine stalks sbont town and gets
the consumers' goat interned in the dry belt '
- In the circuit court Judge Sanborn practically
took away the right of the state to make its local
rates, by holding that the state, rates were an
interference with interstate commerce, and were
prohibited by the Interstate Commerce act; and
that the state rates were confiscatory for the rea
son that they would not produce sufficient revenue
to render reasonable compensation on the value
of the property used by the railroad companies
in transacting their Minnesota business.
In finding the rates confiscatory it was neces
sary for the court to fix a value upon the railroad
property. The value of the country right-of-way
of the companies was determined by Judge San
born, by using the market value of similar adja
cent property and multiplying that value by three,
so if the market value of a farm adjacent to the
right-of-way was $50 per acre, the court allowed
the railroad company $150 per acre, and the value
of the improvements the railway company had
made on the land as if they were new. Nothing
was deducted for old or worn-out ties. Some of
the depots and other station buildings were old,
nearly worn out, but were all figured as if they
were new and had just been built, white everyone
knows that an old building is not worth as much
as a new one.
A major portion of this right-of-way, which
was being valued for the purpose of charging ship
pers rates upon their freight, had been given to
the railroad companies either by the state or fed
eral government. Over 13,000,000 acres of govern
ment or state land had been given them in the
state of Minnesota alone.
The terminal properties of the companies in
St. Paul. Minneapolis and Duluth I speak of
them collectively were valued by Judge Sanborn
by first ascertaining the normal market value for
ordinary business purposes, of the adjoining prop
erty, including the improvements thereon, and
then increasing it by about 60 per cent, to find the
railroad valuation, and to this was added the value
of the improvements, which the railroad com
panies had actually put upon this land, as if they
were new improvements just constructed.
Judge Hughes held against the railroad mm.
.panies on both of their contentions, saying that
tne interstate commerce act expressly exempted
state rates from its operation and that such rates
could be regulated by the state until congress
took away that right by direct enactment. On the
question of confiscation, on which Judge Sanborn
predicated his extravagant notions of the value
of railroad property, Judge Hughes decided that
the railroads were only entitled to the actual nor
mal value of their country and terminal proper
ties, measured by the market value of the prop
erty in the vicinity of the railroad, and not to en
hance that value by a supposition of what the
railroads might have to pay for it. He allowed
the railroads to participate in the prosperity of
the country by giving them the natural increased
value of their land and no more.
He reversed the decision of Judge Sanborn,
and held that the state rates, aa to the Northern
Pacific and Great Northern companies was not
confiscatory. This established the state rates for
those companies, and the Chicago, Milwaukee &
St. Paul; Chicago & Northwestern, Chicago, St
Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha; Soo Line and Chi
cago, Rock Island & Pacific, for Minnesota. The
earnings of the Minneapolis & St. Louis were so
small that the company was exempted from the
state rates, and the Chicago, Great Western case
roads have refunded to Minnesota shippers over
is still pending.
As a result of the Hughes' decision the rail
$3,000,000 for overcharges i in freight shipments,
and passenger fares collected front shippers and
passengers during the time this Sanborn injunc
tion was in force.
.
Thought Nugget for the Day.
O, many a shaft at random sent
Finds mark the archer little meant!
And many a word at random spoken
May soothe, or wound, a heart that's
Droken. btr waiter bcoil.
One Year Ago Today In the War.
Belgrade captured by Austro-Ger-man
troops.
Envoys of the entente powers left
Sofia. v.
French captured German earth
works and several trenches east of
Tahure.
Germane again halted in advance
on Dvlnsk, but von Bindenburg
crossed the Viliya east of Vilna.
British casualties to date reported
as 498,294. .
In Omaha Thirty Years Ago.
Duncan McDonald, the Montana
champion, has arrived from Salt Lake
City, where he recently worsted Slade,
the Maori, in the ninth round of a
glove contest A match probably will
be made between McDonald and Mc
Cormack or McDonald and Clow.
The Ransom Comedy company
opened at the People's theater in
"Vigilantes," one of the finest pieces
of frontier life now on the stage.
The 10-year-old son of William
McHugh was shot through the ham
by the accidental discharge of a re
volver In the hands of a playmate.
ASel Steere, late of the Wisconsin
bar, and John E. Sundatrom, a Louis
iana attorney, were admitted to prac
tice In the Nebraska courts and will
both locate In Omaha.
George B. Tzschuck of The nee has
gone to Iowa on a "ducking' expe
dition. Two farmers have already
acquired a number of birds In antici
pation of the coming of the Omaha
gunner, so that there la no doubt of
his returning with plenty of birds for
his friends. .
At the annual meeting of the Toung
Men's Christian association for the
election of officers the following were
chosen; President P. C. Hlmebaugh;
vice president J. L. Kennedy; record
ing secretary, C. B. Reynolds; corre
sponding secretary, George A. Joplln,
and treasurer, C. F. Harrison.
This Day In History.
1701 Charter for a college at New
Haven (Tale college) granted by the
general court..
1767 Charles X, the last French
king of the family of Bourbon, born
at Versailles. Died at Gorz, Austria,
November S, 1886.
1782 Lewis Cass, secretary of war
under Jackson and secretary of state
under Buchanan, born at Exeter,
N. H. Died at Detroit June 17, 1866.
- 1811 John Stevens established a
steam ferry between Hoboken and
New York City..
1818 Congress of aoverefgns of
Austria, Russia and Prussia, with min
isters from England 1 and France,
signed a convention at Aix-la-Chap-
peiie for tne withdrawal or tne army
of occupation from France.
1858 First overland mail from
California arrived at St. Louis, 24 days
18 H hours from San Francisco. '
1887 United States took formal
possession of Alaska.
19(18 Beginning of floods at Pater
son, N. J., which damaged property to
the amount of 83,000,000.
People and Events
The widow's mite of Mrs. Ellen Stebbins
Curtis Tones, deceased, of New York, in'ale
9U (ViA IWi T) . x st.. ..... . t .
e-.u,vw,ww. a ajiiiciti ui urn euuc inncruance lax
netted $1,100,000 and Was paid in advance to secure
a a per cent discount
The Minimum Wage commission of Massa
chusetts has approved a wage scale for women
workers in clothing factories calling for $875 for
experienced adult workers, $7 for inexperienced
adult workers and $6 for workers under 18 vein
of age. The figures do not indicate serious symp-
luiiia ui ncari enlargement.
A state building for state officers engaged
away from the state capitol is to be California's
contribution to the civic center of San Franciso.
The building will provide office space for sev
enteen departments, the space totaling 80,000
square feet. Arichitects are invited to compete
with plans and specifications for the honor and
fees of' the job.
Indiana's centennial celebration is moving
through the state in sections, different towns and
cities doing the honors in rotation. The finish
ing touch will be put on at Indianapolis, where
a week of pageantry will be stared. The distance
from the Indiana line to the Missouri river is
about 500 miles, but it took fifty years to span
the distance with a sufficient number of settlers
to win statehood honors for Nebraska.
Detroit's millionaire cop, James Couszens, is
on the job as chief of police, tagged with a pro
gram of moderate reform. Gambling must go.
Conditions which encourage crime are booked
for s long vacation. "I am not a prohibitionist,"
says the chief, with reference to the saloon ques
tion. "I do not believe in denying another man
the privileges you enjoy yourself. There are
wealthy men in this city who are working for
prohibition, knowing that if it carries they will
be able to get their desires just the same. To
me that is hypocrisy."
Primary races for nominations take consider
able fatness out of ambitious political purses. It
is no news to aspirants that the shakedown is ex
pensive. In Illinois last month the primaries are
said to have cost all round $2,000,000. Reports
of primary expenses now being published in New
Jersey show the vanquished spent as much as
the winners and some over. Six aspirants for
the governorship and the United States senator
ship spent tots) of $100,000, and there are more
to hear from. Evidently the salaries are not the
lure. Honor and power are the magnets,
The Day We Celebrate.
Charles W. Hamilton, banker, Is
celebrating his fifty-seventh birthday
today. He la a native son of Omaha,
and was active in the United States
National bank until compelled by 111
health to go Into semi-retirement
Emile A. Besslre, who has a silk
shop In the new Rose building, is
just B0 years old today. He was born
in Perry, Switzerland, and before
opening his shop was a department
manager for the Brandeis stores.
William Maler, building inspector,
was born October 8, 1868, at Wald
hausen, Wurtemburg, Germany, com
ing to this country in 1888. He lo
cated first at Marysvllle, Kan., and is
on of the old-time builders of
Omaha. '
Louis Belndorff, popular city ticket
agent of the Union Pacific, Is just 48
years old. He Is an Omaha-born boy
who has worked his way up.
Jay D. Foster, now head of the
Foster-Barker company. Is celebrating
his fifty-fifth birthday. He is now
one of the pioneer claes in the Insur
ance business In Omaha.
Casper E. Tost today turns his Sev
enty-fifth milestone. Mr. Tost Is a
Yankee, waa once proprietor of the
old Omaha "Republican," and also
held down the postmastershlp of
Omaha in the aarly days. He went
Into the telephone business when It
was In Its Infancy and I now me
of the big men In the Bell system
ana president or several or its aux
iliary state coropratlons.
Henry G. von Windhelm, manager
of the Nebraska Seed company, Is
46 years old today. He comes of a
German family of nobility, his father
being one of the Omaha pioneers and
he himself being born here in Omaha.
Major General Leonard Wood, com
manding the Eastern department of
the army, born at Winchester, N. H
fifty-six years ago today.
Myron T. Herrick, former American
ambassador to France and now the
republican nominee for senator from
Ohio, born at Huntington, O., sixty
one years ago today.
Rt Rev. Ethelbert Talbot Episcopal
bishop of Bethlehem, Pa., born at
Fayette, Mo., sixty-eight years ago
today
Henry L. Myers, recently renomi
nated for United States senator frora
Montana, born In Cooper county. Mo.,
fifty-four years ago today.
Miner Lee Bates, president of Hiram
college, born at Fairfield, Mich., forty
seven years ago today.,
Timely Jottings and Reminders.
Thanksgiving day wili be observed
In Canada today.
Today has been fixed for the an
nual observance of Fire and Accident
Prevention day throughout . the
United States and Canada.
The Massachusetts Forestry asso
ciation la to Inaugurate a campaign
today to free the trees and other ob
jects within the public highways of
all signs and Illegally posted adver
tising matter.
Utah's new state capitol In Salt
Lake City is to be formally dedicated
today with addresses by Governor
Spry. President Joseph Smith of the
Mormon church and others.
Charlea E. Hughes, republican nomi
nee for president Is scheduled to
speak tonight at a republican mass
meeting In Philadelphia.
Conventions opening today: New
ark, N. J., American Society of Mu
nicipal Improvements, National
League of Compulsory Education Of
ficials; Atlanta, Ga., National Asso
ciation of Stationers and Manufac
turers; Atlantic City, N. J American
Railway association, American Elec
tric Railway Accountants' association;
Cincinnati, National Association of
Laundrymen; Providence, K. I., Na
tional Housing conference; - Des
Moines, la,, national convention of
Disciples of Christ
Would Widen Harney Street
Omaha, Oct 8. To the Editor of
The Bee: The congestion of traffic on
Harney street during the busy hours
proves that the street from Twentieth
street west should be widened to 100
feet The ugly Jog at Twentieth street
destroys the beauty of our city. The
DroDertv holders on the street are
willing to have this done and the
majority of them wave damages. Why
nut do this rather than build boule
vards on the outskirts of town. Har
ney street today is the finest In the
city, being almost level and having the
most substantial buildings thereon.
PROGRESS.
Thanks for Irish Revolutionists.
Omaha, Oct 8. To the Editor of
The Bee: Our report of Tag day for
the Irish revolutionists is somewhat
belated on account of various things,
among them the moving of our head
quarters, the moving of the secretary
to his new home, the Ak-Sar-Ben
celebration, etc. We report a total
contribution from the people of
Omaha for the benefit of the widows
and orphans of the Irish revolution,
ists of 8107.10.
We wish to thank the people of this
city for their liberality in donating
thus. We wish to thank the tour
volunteers who sold the tags, also the
press, L. J. Qulnby and the Ralph
Printing company for donating the
tags. JESSE T. BIELLHART,
Secretary Local, Omaha.
The Barber Salesman or Grafter?
' Omaha, Oct. 7. To the Editor of
The Bee: Last Saturday one of our
local barbers waa flned 816 and costs
before Judge Foster on the plea of a
customer that he was overcharged. It
seems the customer visited the shop
and the barber, with the consent of
the customer, worked on him until he
had accumulated a bill for something
over a dollar. When the bill was
presented the customer objected and
called a policeman to arrest the bar
ber. It was a question of veracity, the
word of the customer against that of
the barber. In this instance the com
plaint was lodged by a vaudeville per
former playing in a flve-cent show; a
stranger of whose reputation nothing
was known. On the other hand the
barber Is a resident of Omaha and a
respected citizen. This appears to be
a clear case of miscarriage of justice:
no - doubt aggravated through pre
judice and, should it be allowed to
stand, will eventually discriminate
against the barber to such an extent
as to leave him at the mercy of every
tightwad, sponger and bum who has
nerve enough to threaten the barber
with a policeman's club.
The majority of barber shops have
their bill of prices plainly marked and
within alght of every natron. It is
just the same as visiting any kind of a
business establishment. You may go
Into a store to buy a collar; the
smart clerk will ask If there is any
thing else and perhaps show you some
shirts, neckties, hose, etc., and try to
persuade you to buy. If you do make
additional purchases he Is considered
a smart salesman. On the other hand,
If you go to a barber shop for a have
and the barber suggests a haircut,
Bhampoo, massage, etc., the wares he
has to sell, and you give your consent
then the barber, according to Judge
Foster, Is not a salesman, but a
grafter. . !
Tne Darner is a Business man
rendering a necessary service to the
community. : Many , barbers have
homes and families, respected by their
neighbors, and are good boosters and
upbuilders of Omaha. They pay taxes,
spend their money here and perform
a useful function In our community.
The barber will average up with any
group of citizens anywhere. Then
why this discrimination on the part
of the police court J. BECKER.
Nebraska's Aboriginal Inhabitants.
' Omaha. Oct 8. To the Editor of
The Bee: You printed recently a let
ter from "A member or the mate His
torical society" who Is rather doubtful
as to the historical accuracy of some
of the floats in the historical paiaoe,
and nartlcularlv the Mandan float.
He does not think the Mandans ever
lived tn Nebraska, but has the Idea
they were In Wyoming when Lewis
and Clark' came up the Missouri In
1804. i
As I understood it tne Mannan
float in the parade was not Intended
to show an early Nebraska tribe, but
simply the type of "earth-lodge,"
often called "Mandan lodge," which
was used by all of the agricultural
tribes of the upper Missouri, Including
four Nebraska tribes. Modern
archaeologists are pretty well agreed
that the Mandans never were in Ne
braska. They appear to have come
from the east reaching the Missouri
somewhere in northern South Dakota
and moving slowly up the river, build
ing villages here and there. In 173
the French explorer Verendrye found
this tribe living in several large vll
lages (some say seven and some nln.;
tiear the present site of Bismarck,
N. D. They remained In that vicinity
until after the great smallpox (about
1780) and were then forced by the
Sioux to move higher up and build
new villages on the Missouri near the
mouth of Knife River, N. D.
The early tribes of eastern Nebraska
were all agricultural and all lived iu
earth-lodge villages. The Pawnees
were almost certainly the first of
these tribes to reach Nebraska. They
cam from the southwest or south and
belonged to the Caddoan family of
tribes, their closest kinsmen being the
Wlchltas who are generally admitted
to have been the Quivlraa whom
Coronado visited In 1641. The
Pawnees were therefore probably liv
ing in this region, If not actually In
Nebraska at that date.
The Arikaras were living with the
Pawnees, In fact were a part of the
tribe; but sometime before 1700 the
Arikaras left the Pawnees and moved
up the Missouri river Into the
Dakotas. They are now living with a
remnant of the Mandans at Elbo
WA.f ofN,thDe other tribes of eastern
Nebraska belonged to the Siouao
family group and appear to4
migrated to the Missouri valley from
the east There is much evidence that
all these Slouan tribes were com
paratively recent arrivals. Then
traditions state that they were living
at an early period near the 'a0""
Pipestone quarry In southeast Min
nesota. They then moved to the B g
Sioux and built a village near Sioux
Falls. They then moved to the Mis
souri, crossing It in South Dakota and
then came down the west bank of tne
river into Nebraska. In this group ni
migrants were the Ponkas, Omahas.
Otoes and Iowas. The Ponkas halted
b ..iiiaA near the Niobrara s
mouth, in which locality they con
tinued to live until most of them were
removed to Indian territory after 1870.
The Omahas moved farther south ana
occupied the country south of the
present Sioux City, in Dixon and
Dakota counties, "Nebraska. They
seem to have been here as early at
least as 1680, but their village is not
definitely mentioned by the French
until after 1720. That the Iowas ever
lived in Nebraska is not generally
known, but the fact Is well estab
lished, both by Indian tradition and
the statements of the early French
and 'American explorers and traders.
Their first village in our state seems
to have been in Dixon county, near
Sioux City, on a small creek now called
Agoway creek, but still known to the
Omahas as the, stream "where the
Iowas farmed." The Iowas did not
live long in our state. About the year
1700 the Otoes had a village very near
where our city now stands, and their
friends, the Iowas, were living in a
village under the bluffs, about op
posite the Otoes and not far from the
present city of Council Bluffs. The
Otoes moved down to the Platte be
fore 1760 and built a village on its
south bank, near the mouth of the
Elkhorn. They continued to live In
that locality for over 100 years, and
were here joined by a remnant of the
Missouri tribe whlbh. had been almost
destroyed by a confederacy of hostile
tribes.
In western Nebraska the Indians
were all wandering hunters, living In
skin tlpis. The one fact that stands
out clearly In the early history of
western Nebraska is that there was a
regular current of Indian migration
passing from - the Black Hills of
Dakota south acr6B8 the Platte and
Arkansas to the plains of western
Oklahoma and eastern New Mexico.
The first people to pass along this line
of migration through western Ne
braska were the Comanches, although
there is some reason to believe that
the Apaches followed the same line
at a still earlier date. The Comanches
("Padoucas") were still In western
Nebraska 'and west Kansas until
almost the year 1800, some lingering
rear-guard, that is; the main body
had gone south long before. The
Kiowas and Prairie-Apaches next
passed south, driving the last of the
Comanches before them; then came
the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, 'driv
ing out the Kiowas, and finally the
Sioux arrived. Porcupine Bull (a very
old Cheyenne) says he was just a little
boy when the Cheyennes and Arapa
hoes first moved Into western Ne
braska "to live." that Is, not merely
to" hunt. He fixes the date 1828 and
Is apparently right He says the Sioux
did not move south to the Platte until
after 1830, except Lone Horn's band
which sometimes came down rrom the
Black Hills to visit the Cheyennes and
hunt with them.
GEORGE E. HYDE. '
. SUNNY GEMS.
"Tx yon think yo will vr own
car?" - ,
"Why not T The controlling circum
stances are bound to meet."
"What do you mean?"
"Autos keep comlnc down and X kass
saving up." Laiijs villa Courier-Journal.
' "Who gave thoMbrtda away?" asked Mrs.
Jones of hr daughter; who' had Just re
turned from the wedding.
"Her little brother," replied the daughter;
"he stood up In the middle of the ceremony -and
yelted, 'Hurrah, ' Blanche, you've got
him at last!" New York Times.
"When that bad boy threw atones at you
why didn't you come and tell me Instead
of throwing back at him?" said the good
little boy'a pious mother.
'Tell you ?" said the good little boy.
"Why, you couldn't hit a barn door."
Philadelphia Ledger. ' ,
Dealer In Antiques Here Is something In
teresting, sir a brace of revolvers that
were carried by Christopher Columbus.
Customer What! Revolvers weren't In
vented In Columbus' time. 1
Dealer I know. That's what makes them
so rare. Boston Transcript.
"And where are you from?"
"America."
"Is It true In your country every man
has a chance to be president?"
"Well, we can hardly say that But al
most every family can own a motor car."
Kansas City Journal.
Tou look all worried and fagged out
"It's that current history class I foolishly
Joined."
"Why?"
"History ts being made faster than we can
atudy It.' Chicago Post.
CAMPAIGN SONG, "MADE IN
IOWA.H
P. S. Lowe In Charles City Press.
I.
A million men sought freedom In the war
of
And millions more praise Lincoln for the
work well done;
It was a hard fought battle, but he was in
the right.
He could not help but win It; he waa, not
too proud to tight.
CHORUS:
We have another Lincoln and Hughes Is
his namfl.
A Watchful Waiting Wilson cannot be the
same.
And when he la In the White House, how
happy we will be, ?
He will not send notes to fighting folks
In lands across the sea. ,
J II.
We want another Lincoln for president to
day
To watch out for the Interests of the good
old U. 8. A.
With malice tn his heart toward none, with
charity for all
Ouf Charles Evans Hughes, you bet, la a
Lincoln after all.
(Chorus.)
We strive for full publicity regarding
our work. We believe the people have a
right to know what we are doing and why
we are doing it to know how much money
we take in and how we spend it.
NEEEASKA TELEPHONE CO.