TTTE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: AUGUST 20. 1916
9 A
MUNITION MAKING
TREMENDOUS TASK
British Resource Is Taxed to
Limit to Provide Steel and
Lead for Great Drives.
FEW SHELLS FROM U. S.
(Corrmi'on.l th- nf Thp Aesocln I I'll I'roo. 1
I-ondon, July .'5. -When the Brit
ish forces in I'rance bc;m their
Rreiil offensive hnnilxirtliiient on
June 27 ami for rfnys hurled into the
iiennan lines sueh an avalanehe of
steel ami leat! as tlie world had
never known hefore. even the people
of Knplaml expressed wonder that
it should have been possihle to as
semble so vast a store of munition;
The story of how these supplies
were created constitutes one of the
most important chapters in the his
tory of British achievement during
the war.
At the outhreak of hostilities two
years ago there were only three im
portant munitions factories in the
British Isles. Today some four thou
sand Rovernmeut-controlled firms,
employing more than J. MOO, 000 work
ers, are (urninR out virtually all of
the tremendous amount of war ma
terials which have" cone to equip
the 5.000.000 British soldiers in the
field.
The organization of this great in
dustry has heen accomplished in a
little more than one year by the min
istry of munitions, which was es-
tahlished in May, 1015, under the
leadership of David Uoyd (ieortre.
In that time every availahle resource
of the country has been huilt for the
production of munitions. Some idea
of the scale upon which flii organi
zation has heen carried out may he
the largest of the new plants covers
an area nine miles long and Irom
three to four mites wide
Dr. Addison at Head.
A staff of 5,000 people has been
required to supervise the work. At
the head of this staff and responsi
ble only to the minister of munitions
has been a man whose organizing
ability has been accorded wide
spread recognition, lie is Dr. Chris
topher Addison, internationally
known for his medical research
work. For some years he has de
voted his attention to politics, and
besides holding a scat in the House
of Commons has been parliamentary
secretary to the Board of Kducatioii
before entering on his present duties
as narliamentarv secretnrv tn tm
ministry of munitions. Kvery detail
of the munitions production is know n
to Dr. Addison, ami during an inter
view with a representative of The
Associated Press he told as much
of the story of the creation of this
industry as could be made public at
this time.
At the outset he disposed of the
statement which has been made in
America to the effect that if it were
not for the munitions furnished by
the United States Great Britain would
haw to quit the war.
Not From America.
"I have heard (hat statement made,"
said Dr. Addison, "and it is preposter
ous, of course. The United States
has furnished and is furnishing many
raw materials which we are anxious
to get for the manufacture of muni
tions, but so far as the actual produc
tion of shells goes, America has pro
vided us with only a very small per
centage of those which we have used."
Turning to the manufacture of mu
nitions in this country, he continued:
"At the beginning of the war there
were only three important munitions
factories in the United Kingdom. In
addition, there were a number of
large private munitions and armament
firms. At the start reliance was
placed mainly in these national fac
tories and experienced firms, and at
that time they were full of orders.
"In the early stages of the conflict
more attention was paid to field
guns and their equipment than to
heavy guns, but ,is tunc went on the
requirements for heavy shells greatly
increased. In June, 1015, wc made
an inventory of all the available ma
chinery in the country, and it was
evident that it was entirely inadequate
to meet the demands. There were,
however, a great many private firms
which could be brought in to make
munitions and it was decided to mobi
lize them for national service. In
order to do this we created an or
ganization embracing the entire coun
try. The country was divided into
districts, in each of which a working
board of management was set up.
By means of this scheme of local or
ganization t!i"u.ands of firms have
been brought in, many of which had
never see-: a sludl hotly, or a fuse,
or a grtnnde, or a bomb, before, much
less than make them. Now uiuni-!ion-making
in some form or -other
iia-- extended well-nigh to every con
HderaMe lown --indeed to large num-
niaker, by a candle maker, hy a flour
miller, by a tobacco merchant, by an
advertising agent, in several brewer
ies, by some job masters, hy a glazier,
by syphon manufacturers and so on.
Shelis and good shells have been
turned out by machines and methods
which would be horrifying to the
apostles of orthodoxy.
"What all this amounts to in the
aggregate you can form some con
ception of when 1 tell you that a cal
culation made three weeks ago show
ed that there were being turned out
weekly by firms who a e.ir ago bad
not been engaged m munition work
sixteen tunes as many heay shells
as wen" being produced a year ago by
all the national plants and private
armament lums put together. Oi
course, the big armament 1 it ins haw
been greately extended since then
and that tiguro does not apply to
their present output.
"Numbers of manufacturers who
have hitherto been engaged m pro
ducing quite rlilterent goods have
sacrificed their business and good
will in older to take up the luanulac
tme oi munitions. They have done it
for the asking and ungrudging!
Many of them will find themselves at
i tile end ol the war with a great pat t
of their good will jeopardized or lost.
Single Purpose Shops.
"I oiiu idenlly with this program of
bringing in private tirius it became
evident that ecu with their help the
output would still be insufficient, so
the ministry ol munitions proceeded
i to provide a large number of "single
purpose" lactones, that is, plants
where the work could he specialized.
1 Skilled engineers divided the work up
I into a number oi repetition opera
i tions such as could be done with a
' fciv weeks' training by women or un-
skilled labor. I hi re are now in the
( country iiity-tlme national shell far
j lories of this kind, all of which have
i either been built or rccoiisti ucted by
the government. Of these thirty-eight
are under the management of the
boards previous! retcired to. Others
are managed for the ministry by ex
perienced munitions firms.
"Just as the output of shells, shell
bodies, etc., had to be augmented so
we had similarly to provide explosives
and filling factories. As a result of
this, apart from the enormous exten
sions of existing factories, nineteen
special explosive works have been
provided. This lias practically doubled
the whole previous output oi the
country. Similarly there had to be
built fourteen filling factories, each
of which has been provided since
last August. Altogether there are
now ninety national factories which
have been equipped with machinery
and in most cases built during the
last twelve months.
"We can now produce in less than
a month as many of the lighter shells
as could have been turned out in the
whole year of 1914-1015. In less than
a fortnight we can now make more
heavy shells than we could have done
in the year 1914-1015. We can now
turn out in a week far more shells,
filled and complete, than were used
in the whole battle of I.oos which
extended over a fortnight, and they
had been saving ammunition for that
battle for a month. We could have
a battle of Loos every week now and
it wouldn't touch the shell reserve
stock.
Harder To Make Guns.
"The manufacture of guns, which
did not lend itself to the process of
subdivision like ammunition, has had
J to be concentrated largely in the
i hands of experienced firms, but new
1 factories under the direction of these
firms have been made for 'single pur
pose' work.
i "Regarding our present capacity
for gun production as compared with
the capacity in June, 1914, before the
war, we are now making in the case
of the lightest gnus over ten times
what we were then, in the case of
medium weight guns over twenty
times, and in the case of heavy guns
more than fifty times.
Use Back Yards.
"The productof trench warfare sup
plies has meant the creation of an
industry of which there was practic
ally no experience in this country.
Now grenades are being made in
; back yards and in all sorts of small
! shops as well as in the big factories,
and hundreds of thousands are being
produced weekly. In the early days
of the war the trench mortar was a
feW fcftAUTQMQgEBL
i 1 1 a 14
Everybody Helps.
'An earnest dc?irc tu help, an
arl.ipi.d ilily and tjerness tn learn
have bn itij,'ht into nuinitbm making
the remarkable assnrtnn in iin-
aKinai'le ol" shops ami factories. In
one era alone shell bodies or the com
ponents of shells are beinp made not
only by engineering works, but in
confectionery works, by a music roll
manufacturer, by an infant-.' food
It is the condition of your mo
tor at the end of a year run
that counts.
We firmly believe thnt Panhiml
Oil in of the bent quality f r au
tomobile use. We have iuv to
it year after year, alth ivs.h there
are innumerable other n! - of si:ni
lar appearance which would show
uh bitrger immediate profits. It
doesn't pay to experiment buy
i'tuihard and be sure.
POWELL
SUPPLY COMPANY
OMAHA
Automobile Supplies.
2051 Farnam.
BMPM MOW MATS'
Z9
ar
a
As Others See Us
The best thing we caa
say about our storage
battery service is "Judge
by our customers."
NEBRASKA STORAGE
BATTERY CO.
Omaha
2203 Farnam St. Phone D, 5102
Free intpection of any battery at any time
weapon which had received little at
tention and undergone little develop
ment as there was a mere handful
of these weapons in existence. They
ire now being produced in immensely
improved types in hundreds where
they were previously in units. And
the output of their heavy ammunition
has had to keep pace. The output
of bombs where it previously was
reckoned in hundreds, has now reached
a total of .scores ol thousands
weekly. The production of trench
warfare munition in a most miscellan
eous collection of workshops has, of
course, neccMitated the provision of
many assembly and inspection sta
tions. "One of the earliest steps the mini
stry of munitions had to take was to
acquire control of every machine
tool maker in the United Kingdom
and also to bring in the manufactur
ers of machine-tools. Kvery machine
toed made during the last twelve
months lias been disposed of us di
rected by the ministry of munitions.
The tools have been sent where they
were most needed for the making of
munitions.
"One of our most anxious prob
lems has been the supply and the
distribution of skilled labor. There
was not enough skilled labor to go
round. This fact was recognised by
the trades unions and the government
has received their lieartv assistance
throughout the distribution of skilled
labor and in the dilution of skilled
labor with unskilled. 1 he introduc
tion of unskilled labor into the field
of .skilled labor is a sacrifice of skilled
labor to which no loo high tribute
be paid. Skilled men have trained
and instructed unskilled workers and
in thousands of cases have willingly
been mmed from piece work to day
wages with (he result that they have
earned smalled wages than the peo
ple they bad trained have received at
piece work.
' Ibis position was rendered more
difficult by the fact that ninny skilled
workmen crowded Into the army.
! More than highly skilled work
I men have since been withdrawn for
' munitions work. They go where thev
are sent This has given the ministry
of munitions control of a large body
; of skilled workmen who can Ik' moved
; as required.
Two Million at Work.
"Apart from the manufacture of
ships, aeroplanes, etc., which do not
.fall under the charge of the nomstry
of munitions, theie are now employed
about J.OOO.OtH) people, oi.uhoin sev
er.il bundled thousand .ue women ll
folows that there lias been much labor
1 expended in housing munitions w m L
crs. Whole ullages have been built
! and we have mnvided accommoda
j tions for oO.OoO people m twelve
, months.
1 "People trom all classes of society
(have joined in the maim fact lire of
i munition-.. 'I here is. to, example, on
; the stall of the minislrv ot munitions
i the daughter o an cart, who worked
! for nine months as a lathe band in a
i munitions factory I are numhrts of
i the best known families have devoted
themselves to w oi k in the i a ulceus
land to other work in connection with
the factories. There is a dep.u tment
! in the ministry which is solely con
cerned with the provision of canteens
for munitions workers, and these can
j teens provide tueaU for MHOHH people
.daily. This enables them to get their
food under decent conditions I barges
are made to covet the i iM."
Ir. Addison pointed out that il has
been neeessaiv to mterfeie arbit rattl v
in private industry in order lo carry
on the munitions work. ! nvate ami
public building has been stopped in
many cases in order to move the labor
elsewhere or to economise material.
What applies to the building liade
holds uood with inanv others. How
: ever, tins interference has been cheer
! fully borne, he declared.
1 lie stated that .is a result of the de
mands upon the ministry of munitions
the formulae for many chemicals and
instruments which formerly bad been
made by the (iermaitii had been dis
covered by Knglish scientists and that
these things were now being manu
factured here. In conclusion he said
"When the ministiy 'f munitions
is no more, the equipment of the fac
tones ami works extensions all over
the country with power and plant on
up to date systems, aecutate and
modern machine tools will add enor
mously to om industrial strength in
the niaikets of the world."
It is stated that the heads of the!
! different departments of the ministry
! ijf munitions aie lai.eU duectors and 1
j managers ol k rea I indust i ies w ho
S have volunteered their snviies and .
j have given up the u hole ot their pt i
ale wotk to labor for the coitnti
i without re in unci at ion s one has
! put it, "'the ministry ol imimtious is.
i in fat , the genei.il statt of British in
jdllstiy, organized (or war" To ,u
: American who has ol tint cere d bis
I sen ices is given ere (lit lor at led in i;
1 (eductions in .shell con 1 1 act pines
which .saved the government 4lHl.tHHi
1 pounds a week,
i
; Mother Whips Boy
Because He Does
! Not Salute Right
When (' year-old Arnold Tuiims ol
Millard, N'cb , cum- down lo Ins
lbieakfast and neglected to say "Hood
1 morning, mother," a sound trouncing1
with a willow switch awaited him, ac
cording to the admissions of his
I mother, Mrs. t ar I I ininis. when she
appeared before Judge Sears in juven
ile nmit on i on i plaint of neighbors
that she was unmercifully beating the
adopted child. She admitted whipping
the little lad when he buoi his man
ners, slapping him on the head and
ears and striving to inject a gentle
disposition in her own manner.
Neighbors and aiitmuobilists who
have missed the Timins home while
the child was hysterical, following
whippings brough. about the hearing.
The child was returned to the mother
with the warning that he would be
taken away by the juvenile authori
ties and the parents punished should
further complaints arise.
Concert at Fontenelle
Park This Afternoon
The Omaha Bohemian band will ,
play at Fotiiencllc park this after
noon, beginning at J jO o'clock. Frank
Janda will be the leader. The pro
gram will be under municipal aus
pices. Bee Want Ads produce results.
The Motor Car of Quality Unsur
passed in Design, Workmanship and
Material.
Offering nil the advantages of the highest
priced cars- plus a distinctive quality of per
formance and riding ease possible only in that
combination extraordinary a Sti-arns huilt
knight type power plant and the final develop
ment el' tlte long Cummin Stearns chassis.
StMrni-KniRht 4 Cylindnr Model, $1445
Stflarnt-Kniffht 8 Cylinder Model, $2150
Knurs and Kights now on the floor for delivery.
Mclntyre Auto Co.
2427 F.rnnm Street, Omah. Phone Doug. 2406.
Type 17
crate sec
$1295
No "Mark Up" in Price
The Truth Made Men
Stop and Think
A RECENT statement by the President of the
Chandler Motor Car Company on "motor
car values and motor car prices" occasioned
more searching thought on the part of pros
pective motor car purchasers than any other
announcement that has been made by the Auto
mobile Industry this year. It came as a revelation
to many who had . considered themselves well
informed..
That statement led to the purchase of Chandler
Type 17 Sixes within the past three weeks by hun
dreds of men. who had been, attracted, by extrav
agantadyerrisinfr or otherwise, to some one of the
several rwWV' cars ia thee medium priced
field.
ff yotr neatf this statement by the President of
the Chandler Company, as you probably did, yon
know what; we mean by "marked up." You
know that in recent months sums ranging from
S80 to $200 have been quietly tacked on to the
selling prices-ai these Chandler competitors.
The explanation of the marked up prices has
been the abnormal conditions, said to exist and
really existing- in. a degree, in the motor car
material market.
But yoa know,. too,Tthat the Chandler car has
not beea marked up.
And so you? can still buy this great car greatest
of all the Sixes at the same price established eigh
teen months aga long before the war had made
any efiect on tie material markets. And bear this
in mintL that every change made in the Chandler
car in all these past months has been a refinement
and an improvements Every addition to itJjarrepr&
sotted increased manufacturing emu Not a single
thing hat been cutout of the car.
Bear ir mind that today, while others are asking
you to add eighty, a hundred, a hundred and fifty
or two hundred dollars t your check, $1295 plus
freight buys you this big luxurious highly refined
Chandler-this Chandler with the marvelous
motor, the exclusive Chandler motor which has
been developed and perfected through four years
ChwwHw Sn-Paengr Tbtnlng Car '.. .. $1J95
Chandler Pour-PawnHer RoadMer . .. .. . . .. . J1295
ChMKllerPoarPa$engerCoovcrtible Coupe (DtliTcriM in October) S1895
AU. PRICES F. O. B. CLEVELAND, OHIO
Come Now for Your Chandler
of intelligent manufacturing and four years on the
road in the service of thousands of Chandler drivers.'
Bear in mind that the Chandler is still featured
by its Bosch Magneto ignition which others
leave off, even the marketfup cars, because it costs
so much more; still featured by its solid cast alumi
num motor base extending from frame to frame
where others use cast iron; still featured by the
sturdiest, simplest chassis; still featured by ball
bearings in rear wheels, differential, transmission
and elsewhere, which helps make . it .the, lightest
running car on the road.
Bear in mind that in this Type,I7ChanaTeryoa
get the exclusive Chandler full floating rear axle
with its silent spiral bevel gear differential. .- And
that you get the highest standard of caibuietion
that the market affords; Gray & Davis separate
lighting and starting system; big doable external
and internal brakes, which stop the car at the in
stant of command and hold it safe. on any grade
Bear in mind that you get all of these highest
grade, high priced features and scores of others
which, together with Chandler warkmansMr go
to make up a car the superior quality of which
cannot be questioned in comparison- with the
quality of any one of the many marked up' cars.
And remember, too. that in the Typei7 Chand
ler you are offered the beautiful tonneau cowl
bodies which preceded the rnid-sommer "new
models" of other makes by seven months time.
In the Chandler you get mechanical excellence,
luxury of body design, trim and fiirishjat the min
imum oi purchase price.
If we asked you to pay $100 more or 200 more
that wouldn't make the car a bit better.
In considering your purchase of . a new car.
think for yourself.
Measure what Chandler offers you along side of
what any other car in the medium priced field
offers you, regardless of price, and we think we
know what your decision will be. Measure it
along side of what any other car offers, keeping the
marked up price in tnind, and we know what your
decision will be.
Chandtor3emn.Ptmengr Springfield Conrertrble Scdtn, S1CTS
Chandler Limousine ... ti5'3
CARD-ADAMS MOTOR COMPANY, Distributors
LINCOLN. NEBRASKA.
OMAHA CHANDLER COMPANY, Distributors.
2520 Fimtn Strvet, Omihi, Neb.
A. D. NORTHRUP. CUS BOLTON.
Chandler motor car company, Cleveland, ohio