THE OMAHA SUN PAY ItKlv. FEBRUARY 27, 191(5.
3-D.
WAY FROM FARMER
TO DUSTY MILLER
ter wheat" una that he will sell It for
l 20 a.buehcl.
In case the r'evator nun wants to buy
it At that rrk-e the papers are slencl ami
tint rar of frain l sold and off tho
mat ket.
Krriln( Trark f alr.
Vnnt- T.V. t.v Wfceat and Hanii. ! Notation of this sale la written on
i wj 1
it
Huit Pais on Its Journey
from Field to Bakeshop.
TART OF THE GRAIN EXCHANGE
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1. J I . 1 1 1 I ! I I 1 M 11 I I !
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in
I slip i t paper ami sent up by mechanical
jrarrirr to the msn perched! up In front
j of the 1 tnrkboari. lie Immediately
I chalks down the sale uni'er "Omaha rash
sates," riving the price .ami then It I
flashed by telegraph to the other mar-
- . . . . , . : kcts w here It la also marked up on the
Let us trace tha course of tho-golden bo (j
grain from the time It Is ripe In the,' 0l,lvl!, ,. ow ,,, 01, ,n ,r
farmers field until it arrives in the 'r,.,(j, to ,i,f, ,1P xri ia cars that tune
mill. been sold from the inspection trvk tn
A few .cere year, ago It was very! tracks lcadlnK to the several
. , . . , Iciain elevators,
simple. The farmer took the wheat, put,
,If the Ho'iiiqulst l-.lexator rotnpnny hns
v uiiv oil n a iiiv n lie insivvria "
his saddle, rode off to the milt a few
miles away and returned the same day
with the same wheat ground Into flout
and perhaps ate bread made from it
that f&rm evening. j
Today It la vaatly different, me com
plexities of modern life have Invaded
the movements of the world s staple
food.
The wheat rained on a Nebraska farm
may be consumed In Nebraska or in
any other slate of the union. Or It may
be made Into a four-pound loaf for the
people of London.
It may find ita way to France, and there
be made Into "petit pain" or Into one
of those Immense loaves, four feet long,
from which the baker cuts and weighs
out Just the amount you want to buy. Or
It may appear on tho market In Vienna,
Berlin. Fetrourad, Constantinople or al
most anywhere else in the wide world.
Hoot It ? Abroad.
And what la tho process by which
arrives at these far places?
Let us see.
The farmer goes out upon a day and
ateps throuRh his wheat field feeling tho
heads of wheat snd observing the color
of the field. If he finds the grain rtpo
unto the harvest he hitches up to the
binder and goes In and cuts and binds
the wheat Into bundles.
The shockers follow and put the bun
dles Into shocks. Then It may be hauled
and stored In the bnrn or In stacks, or
it may be threshed directly from the
shocks.
In cither case the grain is received
from the thresher Into wagons which
haul It . to the farmer's granary and
store It there.
Now the farmer has his grain and It
Is up to him to sell it. To this end he
calls on the elevator man In town to see
what price wheat Is. If the price la
suitable, he makes a deal at a certain
figure and then hauls the grain from
his granary In to the elevator and gets
his money. Or he may simply haul his
grain In and put It In storage In the ele
vator to hold It there until the price
rises to a figure at which he wants to
sell. In this event ho pays a certain
storage charge.
Tart of the KleT.tor Man.
Tha owner of the elevator gathers his
grain from the farmers and when he
gets enough for a carload, providing
he thinks It a good time to sell, he loads
a rar and consigns it to some commission
firm belonging to the Omaha Grain ex
change. Ua takes the bill of lading given him
by the railroad and attaches It to a
sight draft which he puts through his
bank. This draft comes to Omaha through
some bank, her. ,
The firm to .whom tha grain was con
signed, and on whom tha draft la made
oiitr fJffv'"tha'di,aft -ttirough the local
, bank' and' takes tfie bill of lading, thus
nccOrtng possession of tha car "of grain.
If the commission roan borrows the
money from the bank with which to
pay for the car of grain he files with
the bank a receipt for the bill of lading.
Inspectors Get Bmaf.
When the car of grain arrives in Omaha
it is placed on the Inspection track.
Knch railroad has certain sidings set
aside for this purpose. J
Kaily the next morning the Inspectors
and their helpers go out from the Grain
exchange to get samples of each car of
train on the Inspection tracks.
These men usually begin work at 7
ladder, seals and sacks and a "tryer."
Arriving at the Inspection tracks they
put the ladder against the first car, break
the aeal and open the door with the crow
bar, go Inside and take three samples
of grain, one from the middle and one
from each end.
This is done with the "tryer," which Is
a long hollow tube with holes at intervals.
When it Is plunged down into the grain
the grains flow Into it through these
holes. Then It is withdrawn ani the gr.l.t
il contains emptied onto a square of can
vas. The grain la then emptied into a
sack, which is labeled with the number
of the car, name of the road and to on.
The sample from each car Is about one
peck. The Inspector reseals the car with
an Omaha Grain exchange seal and goes
on to the next. When they have taken
samples from all the cars they bring them
up tof the Grain exchange building to the
iitsnoctoia' department.
betting Down to liradr.
There the inspectors put the grain
through, a rigid examination, noting thj
lie and o.uslity of the grains, the dirt an I
foreign matter in the sample, and. In tha
case of corn, giving it a test for moisture.
The inspectors, then fix the grade of tha
grain, whether it is No. 2 hard winter
wheat or No. 3 durum or No. 4 white coin
or No. S yellow corn or what It is.
This data Is written on a cjrd together
with the car number and the name of
the road, etc. The sample of grain la
put into a pan snd this card is placid on
top. The pans fjll of samples arc taken
to the big trading room, where the ma
chinery of buying and selling is and
where all buying and selling are done.
Here are fourteen marble top tables. Kach
table has four drawers and each com
mission firm has one or more drawers.
The pans of samples are placed In these
drawers according to the several firms to
which the cars belong.
.last simple.
You see, all is done precisely as gro
ceries or dry goods or shoes would be
sold with the exception that only tho
sample of the goods is on display for the
very obvious reason that it would not be
possible to bring In the whole carload.
When the market opens the representa
tives of the various commission firms ar
rive, take their stock? In trade from the
drawers are ready to receive cus
tomers. "f tomer are slow aomlng to buy
ye representatives of the commission
men, of course, can go about seeking buy
ers lust as a shoe man or a grocer can
try to boom his business.
I have a car of No. I hard winter," a
commission man may say to an elevator
man. -I'll sell lor 11.30."
This has nothing to do with a hard
winter"' ,in the usual acceptance of that
term as opposed to an open winter. Nor
does the commission man mean to sell
the whole car of grain for $11). He meant
he has a carload of wheat of a certain
definite grade known as "No. t hnrd wln-
v ..."
bought ten cars for example, these must
lw shifted from the inspection tracks of
the several railroads where they stand
to the Ilolmqulst elevator.
Work of Tallej men.
At the elevators are stationed the irtm
exchniiKe's tsllevim-n of whom there are
thirty-six. It Is the duty of these men
to oversee the weighing and unloading
of every car of grain.
Hefore starting to work they will In
spect the car to see that no grain has
been leaking out of a hole. If it has
they make a report. I'lax seed. It Is
claimed, will leak out f hole almot a.s
reedily ss water. Of course, not much
flax seed is handled. Hut even wheat
will get through surprisingly small holes.
The tnlleymen will sometimes Btilke the
sides cf a car with a heavy hammer to
co whether that starts the grain coming
from some tiden hole. If It does the
fact la marked down on the report.
The offl. lal weight of the grain In each
rar Is made at the elevator. The com
mission man who sold the grain deltveta
to the elevator man the hill of ladlns to
eether with the switching order Thus
the car Is handled fiom the Inspection
tracks to the elexatort.
Itnnir Tfcronsn K.levator.
The course of the grain from the car
into the elevator Is first Info the 'sink,"
then tip Into tha "boot" Ihen the "let"
and finally through the 'arn r" Into
the "hopper scales' and then Into the
elevator bins.
The tnlleymen are shifted every month
to a different elevator. This is obviate
anv possible danger of collusion or short
wclKhirg cr any other scheme which nvn
...Int. I . - t. Tha. m . hiph . 1 . . . K. .
la.-tn' h tita nff I h ilinlr 'Shin mi
of men, but the grain exchanue lakes no I nr . Chicago Post.
chances with a possible unscrupulous one
creeping in somewhere.
The work of the elevator Is to clean the
grain thoroughly and then to sell It In
ether markets or to mills.
The out going grain from Omaha Is
tested and welched and sampled under
the supervision of the grain exchange
with the same care that characterlr.es
caring for the Incoming grain.
And that's the story of the grain from
the farmer's field to the sack of flour In
the mill.
BEETS KEEN SENSE OF SMELL
Tests Mao with s,nA Insects
mltksonlnn Recently
nmnleteri.
Ilia Revenge.
Two voting bootblacks who hs'.e stand
close together quarrelled the other day.
"I II set even with that guy yet," vowed
tb' smaller hov.
Uiin' to fuht him. are e. Jlmmv"
he wss asked
"New" When he gels throo ttolishln
u cent I'm soln' to Uiiv tec fhitt ii.nl
Kxnetimenta with S.Sort honey bees ie
centlv i-ompleted by I r. N r.. Mcliuloo
I ftf tli lmlfhaontan I list It ill loll. Washlnfl-
ton, have led him to the conclusion that
bees ran smell and taste. The two
senses are combined so closely that the
scientist saya they cannot be separated.
In testing the senses of these Insect
the following substances were the most
Important ones used: .negar, lime sul
phur, kerosene, carbolic arid, torinlc
r.eld. oil of peppermint, quinine and
strychnine and various other salts mixed
with cane sugar and honey.
The experiment show that bees 'like
honev best of all foods, and that they
are able to dlstlnmlsh th difference be
between various kinds of honey. Dr.
Mrlndoo also discovered that bees don't
like oil of peppermint.
Ourlng the experiments he also Inves
tlgsted the sense of toui h of the honey
bee. and he believes that by this eno
the bee Is ahle to mold In uniform thick
ness the walls of all Us cells. He also
investigated the manner In whlrh bees
eat liquid fooda ny capillary attraction
and by a pumping force which they pos
se. Solid substances which they cannot
eat at once are dissolved by the applica
tion of saliva.
I ir. Mi.'Indoo's tests during the four
years convince him that the sens of
smell of the bee I much keener than
that of man. and that It serves 1t as a.
sense of smell and taste combined.
Philadelphia Nortn American.
Ke to the Sltuntlon-Hee Want Ads.
Updike
Elevator Company
Wholesale Grain
Elevator Capacity 750,000 Bushel, South Omaha, Neb.
E. A. COPE, President and Manager
Rooms 606-610
Omaha Grain Exchange
Distributors of Grain
Car Lots for Domestic and
Export Trade
Missouri Valley
Elevator Company
611-612 Omaha Grain Exchange
O. Af. SMITH, V. Pres. and Gen. Mgr.
Do a general receiving
and shipping business of Grain.
Elevator Capacity 750,000 Bushels
We are equipped in every way
to give you best service.
i
.me
UpcSike
G
ram vbompainiy
Paid-Up Capital Stock, $1,000,000.00
N. B. UPDIKE, Pres. E. UPDIKE, V. Pres.
C. L. BABCOCK, Secy.
E. A. COPE, Treas. F. A. HOWARD, Supf
Consignment Department
626-627 Omaha Grain Exchange
FRANK C. BELL, Manager.
The Reliable Consignment House,
Always at Your Service.
i
When you consign your grain you
want the best price obtainable.
When you pay for service you are
entitled to the very best.
We Give You Both
Commission Department
716-719 Omaha Grain Exchange
G. W. UPDIKE, Manager
Orders for future delivery
in all regular markets
filled in the most efficient
and careful manner.