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Falling Leaves
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By JANE M'LKAN.
I hare a friend bo very strange and wonderful to know,
Her eyes are deep, I love to watch the wonder In them rrow:
And when she speaks the air vibrates with muBlc soft and low.
Sometimes I am afraid of her I fear the scornful shine
Deep In the stormy eyes of her, a strange unspoken sign
That she Is friend to many, but 1 may not call her mine.
Sometimes I chafe beneath her rule, when all the world is gay,
And venture out alone without her and to point the way,
And mingle with the many on the highroad gone astray.
Sometimes I can but feel her breath upon the breezes blown;
Her name Is Truth, but when I feel her fingers In my own
And know that she has read my soul. I feel that I have grown.
Lack of Logic Shown in
Women's "Peace Hat"
By ELLA WHEELER WILCOX.
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mm.
ST.
Surgery in
the War
By Woods Hutchinson, A. M., M. D.
CopyrirM. 1915, Star Company.
The lack of logical reasoning powers
on the art of womankind wvs Illus
trated recently by the creation of a head
protection named the "peace hat." This
hat was decorated
with two dead
dovea. It was sug
gested that the
tat should be
adopted by all
women who were
interested In
'bringing' peace to
earth, and that It
should be a sym
bol of their dis
approval of war
and cruelty.
The slaughter of
doves and the en
courage mint of
the spirit of
slaughter In the
peopla whose work It would be to pro
vide the dead birds did not enter Into
tho question, evidently. In the minds of
the creator of the "peace hat."
One of the moat persistent and stub
born faults of woman displays Hesalf In
her headgear. Even In audiences brought
together to discuss kindness to animals,
the hat. flaunting its corpses of birds or
its aigrettes or plumage of beautiful
creatures destroyed for the purpose of
woman's adornment, will be found In
evidence of woman's lack of Innate, re
fined feeling toward the lesser creatures
of earth.
A woman who Is progress. ve, kind,
tender-hearted and , thoughtful In every
other respect,". was asked why she wore
aitettes en her hat; "I -never gave the
matter a thought," she said. Yet aho
hat 4 SrlvAn fe.A.w Uam t. I
T , 1 -.-unci-- an(I gentle killer ever Invented, we bur
ning kindness a thought. b,e(1, The mundl drllle, bjr t were
Mrs. Russell Sage has done a great small and clean as gimlet holes; the heat
work In helping educate tho young and j generated in the rifle barrel bad made It
in helping to protect our beautiful song i absolutely sterile, and the tissues on
birds from the destruction of hunters, each side of it were half nuloed. half
She recently gave $5,000 to the Junior , scared, so that almost no hemorrhage
reduced the tardy marks which before
had been too plentiful In ber room.
County superintendents In all the states
have become deeply interested In the
work of the Liberty Bell Bird club, and
are calling the special attention of their
teachers to ita aid In character training
aa well aa Ita educational value.
Study birds, protect birds, feed birds,
love birds, but do not wear dead birds,
even on a "peace hat."
This war has been aa barren oi any
thing new and interesting in surgery as
in everything else. Simply a dreary waste
of mud and blood and slaughter. Man
has reverted three-quarters of a million
years at one aweep, back to the blood
sucking, burrowing vermin, half ferret,
half hedge-hog, from wnlch he originally
sprung.
There once was a thing called war, cer
tain selected spots of which could be
spoken of without disgust and horror,
but now men burrow down Into holes in
the ground to fight and are blown out
again by high explosives, ao that their
fragments are scattered all over the sur
rounding landscape.
When the great Insanity first broke out
we fatuously congratulated ourselves
that this was going to be a humane war,
so far as wounds and their handling was
concerned.' The modern, small caliber,
high velocity bullet was the most humane
Audubon society to be used wholly In tho
southern states. A man, whose name he
hoa requested should remain unknown,
gave (30.000 last year for the same pur
pose. It has been by means of such asslst-
followed unless a large artery was
pierced.
But the first couple of dosen bulletins
from the front shattered this rosy vision
Into smithereens. First, came loud and
bitter complaints from both sides that
ance that the National Association of . the other side waa violating the rules of
Audubon Societies has been able to carry
forward the extension of the education
of the young people of the country In
the knowledge and love and appreciation
of birds. The secretary of the associa
tion remarked. In his report of the Junior
war and using dum-dum bullets, making
tunnels the sice of a stovepipe through
the body. Instead of clean-drilled auger
holea.
The tunnels were there in painful i
abundftnnft. hut wlian ,t.i. iv t
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Other Point of View
By BEATBICE FAIHKA.X.
Rild a very sucreiwful buslnens wom-i
to me recently, "I have Just come fr;: l
a conference with the brails nf m:r fir n
There were five mon there and my fl'
We had met to dlciii how tt in-k' i
hnlf-M-mllllnn-dollnr coiporntlon '.r.t
million-dollar ono. ami I ns d II In '
at helng Invited to the conform-
"I was asked beRue tiiey win r.1
opinions snd Ides, and ns 1 a i r ' '
m feminine vlew-nliit. linn 1 i-
I surprise when, at the p i 1 of M
! pcHlonn. onr president rxclalnvil
i like i woman!' Of course It v.:if 111'
! woman. I am a womm, nnrt I a."
feminine viewpoint. In plnrfs It tn f ; i
the masculine one, and whfio It fnl n
touch, it generally can comprehend. H
surely, surely It is different becu 'fo
tratnlnr and heredity anl moot o"
facts of my bring nre different, t W
In this morld there are alnvt o mnn .
points of view an there are nn fin I
women; but underneath ill there Is '.hi
human point of view. There are fun1"i
mental dissimilarities between tie nia
rullne and feminine viewpoints, nn I
there are occaa'ona when the two will
hardly be reconciled: and the man w. o
exclaimed. "How like a woman!" prob
ably had so exclusively masculine ni
angle of vision that he wns narrow anl
warped and Incapable of understands t
even another man's attitude toward
things If It were very dissimilar from
hla own.
It has often been said a woman has no
sense of humor. Whoever says It prob
ably has none: for. though woman is
likely to take herself a little too seri
ously, still, sbe can a moat of the fun
In Ufe when It does not affect her per
sonally Frequently women are not "good
sports" In that they cannot face defeat,
but out of this fault comes a virtue, for
they will not acknowledge or accept de
feat, and they aotnetlmea force the Impos
sible to become possible. The feminine
unwillingness to see things aa they
are may lead to victory In the realm
of what may be. And then aa men. by
force and determination and active on
slaught, bend clroumstaooM to their will,
so women, by ignoring failure, stumble
Into victory.
Feminine Insttnot la, after all. Just a
certain greater fineness la women and a
certain ability to put themselves in aym
pathetio tune with thtngs. A woman
may sense a situation and adjust her
self to It and It to Iter by delicate com
promise, where a man, by practical force,
wlB work it owt to aa Issue. So some of
the beat work la tho world la done when
men and wocieu work hand-ln-hand.
Feminine tasttnot plus masculine In
sight, feminine fineness plus masculine
force, feminine sympathy plus macoultne
dominance, make a wonderful combina
tion whereby worlds may be conquered.
There; la a nsw partnership of men
and eiumea today tn the world of work.
It la here aad It has oome to stay. It
win work out best If each works natur
ally along the lines of their Inherited
abilities aad understandings with aa ac
eeptaaoe of the fact that the shortcom
ings of one sex are counterbalanced by
the special - abilities of the other and
that each has muoh to give and take.
The business world Is no place for
coquetry or sex -consciousness , or the
play of amotion. It baa to do with men
talities aad with the ability to work.
Man must expect woman to do her
work like a woman and woman certainly
must accept the fact that man's think
ing win be along the lines of his Inherited
prejudice, trainings and abilities.
good was far wider than the limits of
bird protection alone.
"Beyond doubt," the reoort said,
"nothing Is so great a problem, or one
whose solution la so Important to the
future prosperity and peace of the coun
try aa the rescue of children of the land
from evil influences and the diversion of
their restless actlv't'es snd c'irlosl'y Into
safe and beneficent channels. To do this
their Interest must be excited In some
thing which will appeal to their minds
aa amusing and at the same time be
really worth while.
"The pursuit of the study of natural
history offers Just these attractions, and
to a large extent appeals to girls as well
as to boys. No better place to begin this
study exists than In watching the activi
ties of birds, which Invite the Interest
of all children by their pretty ways,
sweet voices and domestic habits. In re
spect to no other claaa of animals is
sentiment so mingled with science as
here; and, when one needs to cultivate
in a young mind a sense of the duty of
consideration for animals, the bird offers
me best possible point of beginning.
jiisse mougms would arise first to
the mind of the moralist and social eco
nomist as he looked at the astounding
success of the Junior Audubon movement
displayed by the statistics published In
these pages and mayhap that Is really
tne important thing that has been ac
compllshed. It may be that these tens
of thousands of children, poring over
their leaflets, memorising the various
birds pictured, while happily producing
their portraits with their crayons, ana
exercising their Ingenuity in pleasant
rivalry, as they contrive their bird-lodges
and set them in cautiously chosen places,
are acquiring, quite unknowingly, powers
and qualities that will be of far greater
value for them In the future than will
their store of ornithology."
Lawa will help to save the birds, but
education is better. Is the slogan of the
Liberty Bell Bird club of the Farm Jour-
nel, which haa 338 schools enrolled In
Its birth state.. Pennsylvania, with more
tnan l,ow In different parts of the United
States, whose pupils are pledged to study
all song and Insectivorous birds. It costs
nothing to Join this club, which, in Its
short year of existence, has members In
all parts of the world. The club badge
ouuon is sent free to every one who
signs Its pledge.
numoer or teachers have set aside
Friday afternoon as ' Bird day." when
interesting and Instructive programs of
songs, essays, recitations, debates and
compositions on birds and their habits
are given. On this day ths walls ot the
school room are decorated with the bird
club pennants and wall cards.
One teacher has found a short bird talk
the first thing in the morning has greatly
Audubon society, that Its influence for ' wa" sl"ed dow" the emanation appeared
' i men inio tnree parts. First,
that any private soldier that had a
grouch on could convert the most re
spectable regulation bullet Into a dum
dum in three minutes or less, simply by
rippinj open the steel Jacketing, or flat
tening the nose of It on a stone, or filing
a couple of nicks above the collar.
Second, that any pencil-shaped bullet
which happened to ricochet from the
ground, or glance from a tree, or strike
any other obstacle in Its flight, would
either become bent Into a crescent or
turned aid sways and strike broad-aide
on, making the unfortunate "target" look
as If he had been hit by a flying stove-
lit, or a blade of a broken propeller.
Third, that if the flying death hap
pened to strike or even scrape a bone,
or tough tendon, or sometimes, for no
reason whatever except Its own sweet
will, It would either mushroom in the
most approved and horrible style, or
"Jellify" everything within half a yard
of it. Including lungs, liver, kidney, heart
or brains, if they happened to lie within
that radius. So that the boasted "hu
manity" of the modern high-speed buliet
was not what had been claimed, though I
a considerable proportion of its wounds
were clean, bloodless and autonlahlngly
quick healing.
But the moment that the open air and
daylight fighting stopped and the mur
dering underground In the dark began,
another sinister Influence came into play,
which changed the face of the game en
tirely, and awept half our notions of
modern military surgery onto the scrap
heap. This was ths horrible preponder
ance of wounds made by shell, shrap
nel and other artillery high explosives,
over all other sorts of injuries.
For Just plain dirty wounda which were
too big or the tlasuea about them too
badly . shattered to close. It was found
that a special hot water Irrigation dress
ing worked admirably, while for others
exposure to direct sunlight for several
hours each day was ths best cure.
Bo that modern surgery Is now equip
ped to deal with even the worst atrocities
of this devil's brew called modern war,
providing that there is enough patient
left to keep the wounds together until
they can be made to heal.
Of tuoss who are left sufficiently tn one
piece to be carried off the field at all,
only I per cent die, ninety-seven out of
every 100 recover. Of those who are
whole enough to reach the base hospitals.
M per cent recover, while there are Eng
lish and French home hospitals which
have a record of thousands of wounded
with a loss of only about four to the
thousand.
Surgery Is doing Its best to save man
from his own blood-madneas. but It Is
only a melancholy sort of pride which It
can take tn its achievement.
How Hot is the Sun?
spsVBM"",MV
fotfv'sl
mm :j
my-.-
By GARRETT P. 8ERVISS.
"How hot Is the sunT I have a friend
that pretends to scientific knowledge,
who says the sun isn't hot. but cold,
and that all the heat Is manufactured
on the earth. Is
that so T Reader."
Nobody knows,
for sure, how hot
the sun Is. Its
temp erature, (at
Its surface), haa
been estimated by
different authori
ties, at different
times, all the way
from 8,000 degrees
to 18,000.000 de
grees Fahrenheit!
This dees not
mean that the sun
is 1,000 times hotter
at- one time than
at another, but simply that the figures
that calculation gives as representing Its
temperature vary with the assumptions
on which the calculation la based. The
tendency now among men of science is
to adopt the lower rather than the high
est estimates, and It Is usually said in
present day textbooks that ths tem
perature of the sun Is probably 10,000
or 12,000 degrees. That Is about three
times as high as any artificial tempera
ture that we can produce.
iSlr Isaac Newton calculated the sun's
temperature at near 4,000,000 degrees,
Secchl made it 18,000,000 by one method
of calculation, and only 2&0.OOO by an
other. Ericsson, the Inventor of the
Monitor, thought Newton's method was
best, and put the figures at from
4,000,0(10 to (.000,000. The estimates of
Zollner, poerer and Lane ranged from
W,0u0 to 100,000, and those of Poulllet, De
vllle and Vlcalre from 8,000 to lO.OuO. Pro
fessor Young thought l".0u0 degrees was
about ths correct figure.
The principal difficulty arises from the
fact that we do not know for certain
what is the law connecting the tempera
ture of the surface of a highly heated
body with the amount ot radiation that
it gives off In a unit of time, say a sec
ond. For bodies moderately hot, the sur
face temperature and the amount of ra
diation are almost directly proportional,
and Newton assumed that this was true
In all casea.
But It haa been discovered that, with
hotter bodies, the radiation increases
much faster than the temperature, so
that ths best authorities now reject New
ton's snd all ths other excessively high
estimates.
At to your second question, your friend
Is right only tn a certain sense. The sun
Is not ooid, but extremely hot. aad you
would find It so If yon could touch It
But you could never get to It, for at a
distanoe of 360,000 miles tt would shrivel
you up in an lnstantl Nevertheless, ths
rays that It sends to the earth are not.
In themselves, hot. They Impart, but
do not possess, temperature. On their
unobstructed way through spaoa they are
no more heat than the eJeotrio Impulses
transmitted through a telephone wire are
sound, N
Just aa those Impulses may be trans-
formid Into sound by setting a diaphragm
in motion, so the sun's rays are trans
formed into heat by setting ths molecules
of any body they fall upon Into vibration.
Ths space through which the rays pass
en their nlnety-odd-mllllon-mlle Journey
to the earth ia not heated by them be
cause It contains nothing that la capable
of being set Into molecular vrbratloo by
their impact.
Heat is a state In which the Invisibly
minute particles, of which all matter ia
made up, are kept In more or less violent
agitation among themselves. This agita
tion produces vibrations In ths all-enveloping
ether, and these etberlo vibrations
traveling swiftly away In all directions
from the heated body constitute what we
call radiation, or radiant energy.
Striking upon a colder body the radia
tlon reproduces in It molecular agitation
similar to that which ths first heated
body poaseased. As this is the way in
which the sun affects ths earth by
sending radiation through the ether
capable of producing vibration, or agi
tation, called heat we see that the sun
Itself must be a hot body, although the
rays which its heat gives rise to are not
themselves hot
It Is ths same with the sun's 'tight
The rays ot light are not light In them
selves. For Instance, to show what la
meant, suppose you wero placed out In
empty space, facing so that you would
look sldewlae at the light rays passing
from the sun to the earth. You would
not see them at all. You could only see
them If you looked directly at the sun,
so that tho raya would enter your eyes,
and, striking upon the retina, produce
there the impression of light
The rays passing by and not entering
your eyes would be Invisible, because, in
open space, there Is no medium like the
atmosphere to scatter the rays In all dl
rectlons and thus produce an illumination
all around. The sky at nlttit is full of
aaalng sunbeams and starbeams, a vast
and Inextricable web of radiations, but
they He beyond the limits of the atmos
phere, and only those are transformed
Into light which, by reflection from a
planet in the case of sunbeams, or by
coming; straight Into the eye from the
star, directly affect the nerves of vtsfcaa.
s
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7 i FT I Im. ii
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