TTTE BEE: OMATTA, MONDAY, X0VEMI5F.R 1. 101.'.
r
.he Bees
.Home Maaz i m e P a
ge
Mystery of
GARRETT P. SF.RVI3S.
Tour romance of the Koh-l-noor waa '
very Interesting, ao I am asking you to
write mora on the diamond. I have heard
that carbon la charcoal aril diamond I
c-arbon. Then, could
a plc of charcoal
turn to diamond T if
What liM tnlr It ' J
turnT la tha yellow
lah diamond mora
valuable than the
kind that reflect! all
colon T And what
bout white dia
mond!? la u true
that diamond have
been found In me
teor, or Tallpn alar?
What kind la gen
erally found In
there? What kln-li of
metaJa are found In meteors?-Miss M.I
V. II., Flalnflcld." j
, To anawer your question I must try to
lift the curtain that hldea one of the
greatest of nature'a mysteries. No man
haa ever yet been able to aee clearly
what Ilea behind that curtain or com
pletely to explain It. but the glimpse that
we can iret la of fascinating Interest.
One must approach theae thlnga with the
open mind of a, little child, content with
facta alone where reaaona cannot be had.
One f the almple facta that we muat
ocept to begin with la thla: Carbon, one
of the seventy or eighty primary ele
ment! out of which all matter la formed,
occurs, pure. In two entirely different and
contracted forma. Theae are, first dia
mond; second, g aphlte or plumvagi Carv
el! lead). If each of theao subatanrea
was a compound, or mixture of different
elements, comprising In both caaea car
bon as tha principal constituent, there
would be no cause for mystification. But
tbey are abaolutely the aame unmixed
thing, although In appearance and in
propertlee they are totally unlike,
Tha moleculea of each are the same
they are molecules of carbon, and noth
elae but. In one the moleculea are ao ar
ranged that they form a transparent, e
ceaalvely hard, aolld crystal, endowed
with marvellous powers of refracting
light, which makes It the moat daxxllnc
of all gems; and. In the other, (he aame i
molecules are o arranged that they form
a dull, soft black or gray, substance,
that leavea a dirty streak when ruMed j
upon paper.
The secret lies within them-lt la In the'
Internal play of the molecular forces
but what makes those forces act ao dif
ferently when they have precisely the
same material to work upon? Burn a'
diamond and It turns to graphite. I
Charcoal la a third form of carbon, or-!
dlnarlty produced by the charring of
wood, whereby all the other elomenta
contained In the wood are removed lear-'
Ing tha carbon In tha form of a soft, j
black substance which, In some ways, re
sembles graphite. j
Charcoal and a few similar substance '
are called amorphous, or "shapelesa'' car
bon, because they are never cryatnlllacd, J
aa diamond always, and graphite soma-'
times la. Tet charcoal, too, lias the
royal diamond blond. That blood some
times aita on the throne and rometlmes
slaves In the mine. but. dcsrl e the turns
of chance below. It la always Itself. The
proof of thla atatement forms an anawer
to your second question,
Tes, charcoal can turn to diamond, and
the thlnga that make It turn are preat
heat combined with great pressure. Here, ;
In outline, la the procrsa, as It has been
performed In laboratories, especially by
the French chemist, Mnlaaan: Into a
mass of molten Iron a quantity of pure
charcoal ta put Then the liquid Iron. !
which dlseolvea the charooal very much !
aa water dlseolvea sugar, la placed In an
electric furnace and heated to a tempera,
ture of nearly e.WK degrees Fahrenheit. '
Immediately It Is plunred Into cold water '
In order to cause a quick cooling. j
The result of the sudden cooling la the '
formation of a solidified shell on the
surface of the Iron which powerfully
compreeaea the Interior part, when It, In
turn, cools and tries to expand. The re
sult of thla compression Is to force tha
Imprisoned carbon (charcoal) to crystal
lise Into diamond. If the molten Iron la
allowed to cool at ordinary pressure the
charcoal only turns to graphite. 80 we
see that the magie wand whose touch
makes diamond of what would otherwise
be mere dull pencil lead Is the wand of
high pressure.
It Is believed that this Is substantially
the way In which nature Itself makes
diamonds. In the groat diamond mines
of Buulh Africa there la evidence that
the gema Were formed In tha bo els of
Why careful
Tliere are three excellent reasons
why Kciinol SoapapeaUtoitPnily
to liiC miithrr who wishes t ) prutct.t
Iir lily'a delicate skin inun the
erupiionaand irritations whit hsoof ten
stuke hie miserable for little iolkt:
It gives a free, creamy anj unusu
ally cleansing lather, in either hard
tr soft water.
Its ingredient are pure and utterly
wli.. I t-JK une, with no trace of free
alkali that Larh, drying chemical
vh!h many iavmakers find tx
Lihcu!t and excnkive to remove.
P2:::
i
the Diamond
ancient, and long since extinct, volcanoes,
where, of course, both Intense heat and
enormous pressure were available In un
limited quantities. Itut nature. In its
huge volcanic laboratories, worka on a
scle which we cannot Imitate, ao that
there Is no cause for surprise In the fact
that while It can make diamonds as big
as walnuts when It chooses, we csn make
pone even es big as a pin's bead. The
largest artificial diamond Is less than a
millimeter In diameter. Itut it is genuine
diamond, and with that fact to start
with, who can say what may be done,
some day?
There are a number of meteors which
have fallen upon the earth from outer
apace that contain microscopic diamonds,
resembling the artificial onea. None of
them Is large enouRh to be of any Im
portance except as scientific curiosities,
but aa such they fill the mind with won
der. Where and how were they created
In what world or what star!
Tlic principal m tnls found In meteors
are Iron and nickel, with occasional
trices of cobalt, copjier, aluminum, tin,
mafmelum.
In regard to the relative value of dia
monds of different colors, it may be
Bald, generally, that the perfectly trans
parent, tincolored atones, which show no
huea except those produced by refraction,
at ind at the head. Sometimes a tinted
gem. If possessing extraordinary "fire,"
arid of considerable else, may excel In
value. The Kusslsn crown, for Instance,
tma a deep red diamond, which, because
of Its rarity, Is very highly valued.
Heavens in
November..
Dj V1LUA.M F. 1UGUK, 8. J.
There Is nothing of special Interest
transpiring this month. The days shorten
an hour during the month, being ten
hours and twenty-five mlnutea long on
the let, alne hours fbty-turee minutes
on the Kith and nine hours twenty-five
minutes on the Sttth. The standard time
of the rising, meridian passage or south
ing, and setting of the sun and moon
at Omuha during the month, are given
in the following table:
at.
I
MUCIN.
mi
JHIs.Noon.Kt ) Not.
li ii, 12 Vl 21,. Mull,
ill ii li 11,6 ue..
4t l II 0. 6 lis .Wed.
l I Otl U 0 l.i.'lhu..
il 7 uli li in fc ii.l rl...
! 7 ui li Villi ibi.Hal...
il m. .olh st.
12 2t 7 27
1 ail 8 121
1 &l a 671
I iJ 44
1 1(
2 42
2 00
2
t V2 IU 8.(1
Ml
4 2t
t 071
6 Wl
6X1
H'l
IU 11 2
7 7 0
11 08 5 HI,
12 0v6 M:
12 Ni& li
li us 111
U 06 hi,,
II OS 6 OKI
li Ki6 us
II 00 5 071
11 on$wi.
12 UUliUS ,
12 0I 6 OIL
12 Win Oil,
1J W5 02.
li W 6111,.
8un..
Mon.
'i'ue..
Wed.
Thu.
Krl..
,at..
Pun..
Mon.
Tue..
Wed.
Thu.,
Krl...
Sat..
7 41,
10 12,
11 1M
12 Ull
12 4i
1.4,
1 Kt.
I Oil
t &
I 4i
S 10;
II &-,
4 06,
12 17
HI 7 U6
j 7 W
1 1 M
111 T i
Ul 7 101
1 t
1 3
a 4i
4 4.11
271
6 iW 10 41
U 7 11
;i 11 :i1
I
7 12
7 li
7 II
7 10 Mtdn 14
s cl
1 V i.l
2 11! I
I 121 17
4 11, Is
1' 19
131 W
s 4:1
7 If,
21
10 (HI
7 17
7 IN
10 M
U 41
7 Ul
T W It 1016 on fun
4 41 Mldn
7 fi tl
7 111 12 10 MI.Mon.J
6 W 12 31
1 24 21
17 1 2.1
10 10 14
10 fll 25
11 2Hl 20
11 661 27
7 Zi 12 10 6 6 .Tue.
7 24 12 11 6 Ml. Wed
7 2.i 12 11 6 671 Thu.
7 21 II 114 r.7l.Krl..
7 2.1 12 HUM Hat..
t 1
1 17
I 11
7 07
I 07
0
S 0'.'!
1 61
4 37
10 13
l 7 mi u I2lt M'.mm..
Ml 7 l 12 P'4 Mil. Mon.
301 7 30! is mtil.Tue..
11 18 6 ! 12 70' N
Mldnl tr.i 12 4V W
12 21' tC 0-.M 30
The dot or period between the hours
and mlnutea Indicates p. m. times. The
times not so marked are a. m. The sun
Is fast the whole month on sundial time,
the exact amount In minutes being found
by subtracting from twenty-four the
minutes given after twelve In the "noon"
column. From the 1st to the th the
aun Is at Us earliest of the whole year,
being only seven minutes slow of stand
ard time, which last ta always twenty
four mlnutea fast of local time. Tha
aun enters Sagittarlua on the 23d. The
moon Is new on the 7th at 1:61 a. m..
In flrat quarter on the 13th at 6:03 p. m..
full on the 21st at 11:36 a. m.. and In
the Inst quarter on the Tth, at 4:10 p. m.
It la In conjunction with Venus on the
'h. Jupter on the lMh. fliturn on the
20th and Mara on the Sth. Venua ia
becoming conspicuous In ths evening sky
In the southwest. In Kurope It will
surely be taken for a Zeppeiln. 'luara
risea on the luth at :14 p. m., and Saturn
at 1:36 p. m. Jupiter la south at 1:10
p. id., and la lu flue position for ob
servation.. Creiahton Observatory. Omaha. Nab.
mothers use
And beat of all, it contain! tha
soothing;, healing Kesinol medication
that physicians have prescribed for
years, in Kesinol Ointment, for tkin
affections just enough of it to keep
the skin soft and cool, and to make
baby's t&th an insurance against
skin-troubles.
If tle skis alrttdr U la Ud oaitkm. witk
icbs4 ruk.ctuhng arse Mina. sli itl KmiaoI
Uirani tauolsai irMbs aa w Kis lk V
did tkp nxors lis aaurl Bashh. Ksuaul
fkisp U si14 r all aMssiiftaa4 4aWrsta liMUt .
S"U. t i nl H cas, wnut as On. U-f,
kaural, luluaMis, kta.
t ir n
.o : ' ' -'t0Sffi&
The bif blond chap with the cross-cropped head like rough plutb
to tha fingers, the very blue eyes, and blue socks to match, smiles over
hit nuts and cheese to the brown-eyed chap with the rebellious lock
of dark hair that defies cropping and shadows one eye, and says he:
"Oh, Los Angeles! Oh, yea, 1 know a girl there!" And so that Is
Los Angeles the definition of a certain type of girl. Me, myself, who
am now far away from my beloved South-Vest land, I always see the
ea-girl when 1 think Los Angeles. ' The girl who dines and walks there
through the streets U not the type. The true girl of the palmy, dreamy
city of Angeles Is always, to my mind, in the sea or just out of it, or
walking ita sands In flat-heels and bare head yearning for It. A gay,
email person she la even when she's a blonde, a tone or two darker
Life's Honor System
Hy UKATRICK FAIRFAX.
Several years ago one of the lt
known woman wiitera In the country had
a class In literary criticism at the college
I attended. On the day of examination
she appeared before her clasa of thirty
women, read aloud ten examination ques
tions, and then remarked: "It la now 1
o'clock. I shall be here to receive your
examination papers at i. You are at llh.
orty to go anywhere you like to anawer
the queatlona. I shall, of course, trust you
neither to communicate with one another
nor to consult any books of reference."
I think there waa not a girl In that
olawa who would have cheated, even If
ber college degree had depended entirely
upon her passing that examination with
honors. The Important thing wa to pa
It with honor.
Would you like to know how that col
lege examination waa conducted. Konte
of ua atayed In the room where It had
been glveo out, and quietly and ellvntly
aet about putting down what we knew
on the eubjoct of literary crutclam, boms
of us shoes to go to our own rooms to
write In the quite and cool of familiar
aurrouiMllng. And aonto aought the "back
oampua" and gave our knowledge of the
subject full away under the shade of the
- i nr t
-college alms. No one cheated. No one
asked help. No one wanted to becauae no
one would have been willing to face the
bar of her owu Judgement and caknow
ledge heraolf Incapable of being as simply
honorable as aha waa expected to be.
And no one aupected any one else of dis
honest or double dealing.
If you find It tmpoaalble to believe this
almple little tale of absolute honesty.
there is eomethlng wrong with you. If
you can't believe the other people, when
free and able to cheat will atlll refrain
from doing ao. then you, yourself, must
be Incapable of playing fair. Are you
willing to ao adjudgo yourself?
If you cannot believe that the honor
system works. It Is becauae It would not
work for you.
No normal human being with any in
stinct of decency likes to fall almple
trust and confidence. Oh. I know that
bank presidents abscond and Sunday
school superintendents elope with funds
and other people's wlvea. and that In
competitive examinations there are all
sorts of cheating. Hut theae people are
not working under the honor systom.
They are under bond of suapkioo.
watcher and guarded by all aorta of
checks and means to keep them honest
No. 5
Los Angeles
than the far-East girl glad of eye, adroit of body, dreaming under a
scarlet beach umbrella, racing the sun-washed sand, tossing a medicine
ball, flying Into the aurf with a daring header, coming up laughing like
a aea-wltch, putting out to aea with a long, aure stroke, playing with the
sea as a delighted bird doea his shallow garden bath! She may be busy
aometimea surely I know she is but somewhow I see her alwaye a
gayly-colored aea-aneiuone who doea not "spin!"
Here's to all of her trooping the sands where the indigo and
jade water of the matchless Pacific rolls sweetly in, In swimming ault
of knit green and orange and royal blue and scarlet, like bizarre aea
flowers on graceful silken stems, with little life-guard caps with their
pompons of woolly white! NELL BRINKLEY.
The Majority of Persona is iUways to be
Found Trustworthy and Honest. : : :
And If they can "get away with It" they
feel like the little boy who, when locked
In hia room to meditate on hia wrong
doings. Impishly climbs out of the bed
room window and "shins" down the old
apple tree, whose branches lead him to
freedom.
How many people fall to put down the
penny for their dally paper when they
find It untended and lying in piles that
are guarded by stonea from the wind's
onslaughts, but that have no guardian
present to Insure honest payment? Papers
lying thus make a mute appeal to
honesty. They suggest that It ia taken
for granted that you will pay for what
you take.
Cafeterias find It possible to trust In
the honesty of their patrons. In such
you help yourself to what you want and
announce the sum of your Indebtedness.
If you should cheat and deny rightful
payment of the full sura under theae cir
cumstances, you are a perverted creature.
The natural thing to do ia to pay what
you owe. becauae it la taken for granted
that you will.
I am not proposing that' we turn the
world upside down, remove all barriers
to wrong-doing- and gjve cranks and
feeble-minded and even Insane creatures
i!f By Nell Brinkley
e (Copyright. 1913, Intern'l Newa Service.)
full sway. I am merely saying that the
normal human being la decent and horv
orable. When he cheats it is probably
largely to admire his own cleverness la
escaping detection. Ills own instinct
bid him be honest. And If ths world
allows that it expects him to be honest,
he would be ashamed to disappoint It
The honor ayatem works whenever it
Is absolutely simply applied. In a com
munity where it ia used, the weight of
public opinion awlnga over to taking
honesty in others for granted. Who
would dare go against it? Who wants
to be dishonorable when everybody ex.
peels him to be decent? Who likes to
disappoint the faith of a child? Who
cheats and absolutely trusting woman?
Never the sober, honest, decent eltlsen.
And the eltlsen who lies Just beyond
the pale of decency and honeaty can be
reclaimed often by a faith that takes the
beat In htm for granted. Even as we
don't disappoint people when they ex
pect wrong-doing from us, even as we
wajBt the game when we're given the
nam of ' thief, ao honor can score by
taking our honor for granted.
Wherever the honor system grows,
honor grows to meet It We era all in
herently decent or we are abnormal
Abas with suspicion and doubt! More
power to honor and the honor system!
Too Much Class
System in America
Snnbhlshne, Conceit and
Arrogance Kitcourairpd by
t'olloKe Hocletle and Other
Organization Many De
serving I'eraons Forced to
Kndnre Needles HnfferlnK.
Dj ELLA WtlltKLtiK WILCOX.
Copyright, 1913, Star Company.
We Americans talk much of the abomi
nable class system which prevails in
Oriental countries to a great degree and
to an equal decree In ell Euro
pean countries. Wo decry it and de
clare It unchrln-
j tian. Nevertheless,
IT
all over America
a similar condition
of things exists
wherever there ia a
college or unls'cr
ly. CollcKe societies
cultivate snobbish
ness, unklndncM,
conceit, intolerance
nnd a great many
other vices which
mar the lives of
men and women.
A woman who In
the mother of two
exceptionally beau
Fit
tiful and gifted daughters, now In col
lege, wrltea feelingly on this subject.
Her girls do not posses wordly wealth,
but they possess all other qualities whlcli
should make them den'rable associates.
The members of this college society havn
not hesitated to hurt and to humiliate
these girls.
After speaking of the mental, spiritual
and physical charms of her daughters
who have been ao humiliated, the mother
aays: "Take the opposite type of girl for
an example of those who belong to this
society. Their parents are affluent, even
wealthy. In some Instances so wealthy
that the conversation of the girls Is
adorned with references to the number
of servants they keep, the number of
their automobiles and other similar pos
sessions. They think of and consider
no one but themselves. They can stab
girls like mine to their sensitive souls
and never give It a thought They seem
to actually enjoy this cruel demonstration
ef their petty power.
"My girls have almost perfect dispo
sitions and a natural Instinct to obey the
golden rule. They are Incapable of
hatred, envy or malice, but they can suf
fer, and they have suffered, through the
slights they have received from their
schoolmates, who belong to thla so-called
high order of class society."
This Is but one of similar cases which
exist everywhere In America where col
leges societies exist x
It is the same with men's colleges.
False Ideals of life, false standards, re
sult from such societies. Teachers and
professors do nothing whatever toward
correcting the evils and the unjust con
ditions emanating from these college as
sociations. Because the members of these socie
ties are usually young men and young
women of wealthy parents and of finan
cial, social or political power, no effort
Is made to change or better their
methoda. It la the old story of the
power of might over right The teacher,
even the president of a colloge, who un
dertook to reform a college society and
to make It democratic and humanely
American in accordance with the early
Ideas of what American standards should
be 'would soon find himself asked to
resign.
As our country grows older and richer
these evils grow more pronounced. It
Is useless for worthy young men and
women to rebel against tho tyranny of
college class societies. They must sim
ply reach a higher moral outlook and,
realise how small and petty a thing
membership in any society is when com
pared with the one great purpose of
life, that of character-building.
The greatest the most successful, thai
most useful, the most admirable people
in our nation today have not as a rule,
ahone lu their youth as leaders in col
lege class societies.
Many who ahone twenty yeara ago, and
who adopted the airs of snobs toward
those who were not members of tha
organisation, would . today gladly ex
change places with those same snubbed,
classmates. It Is to be understood, of
course, thst many excellent, kind-hearted
and decently behaved young men and
women belong to college societies; but
It Is also to be understood and empha
sized that the general tenor of theae
societies is toward un-American stand
ards and ua-Christlan conduct toward
their fellow students.
It Is very much like the military spirit
abroad of officers toward the rank and
file. Detestable, if not to use ar stronger
word beginning with the same first
letter. .
ft
3
nderbiitHotel
THIRTY FOURTH STREET
AT PARK AVENUE
svVlVtC
The most
conocnlenlly situate J hotel
in New Yor
At the '
Thirty-thlrJ Sired Subway
WALTON H. MARSHALL
WHEN AWAY FROM HOME
The Be is The Paper
you ask fur; if yon plan to be
abeeot more than a few days,
hae The lie vuillext to ywu.
4
k
J