ft
T71K BKK: OMAHA, TTTUltSDAY, MAY 27. 1015.
DECLARES ADSTRIA
SEYEREDALLIAM
Italy Declare! Defi to Serbia With
out Consulting Ally Violated
the Treaty.
WAE SOW OHLY SAFE COURSE
WASHINGTON, May 26. Italy
has addressed to the neutral govern
ments of the world a lengthy com
munication explaining its reasons
for declaring war on Austria. Count
dl Cellere, the Italian ambassador,
presented the document to Secretary
Bryan today tn the form of a note to
the United 8tatea government.
Rriewa Parleys.
It reviews Mfti tiatlons between Italy
and Austria, revealing that they began
Immediately upon the dispatch of Aus
tria's ultimatum to Berbla. Ttaly claimed
then that the act ton of Austria dlnturbed
the equilibrium of the Palkans and the
peeoe of Europe In a way that vitally
affected Italian interest. As an ally of
Austria, Italy asserts the right to have
been consulted before sending of the
ultimatum, the first news of which was
recslved through the newspapers.
Falling to obtain through diplomacy
the satisfaction of Us territorial and na
tional aspirations. Italy announces that
a declaration of war was the only means
of safeguarding Its position in Europe.
Text of Note.
The text of the note, aa translated and
Issued by the Italian embassy, followa:
The Triple Alliance was essentially de
fensive and designed solely to preserve
the status quo or, in other words, the
equilibrium In Europe. That these were
Its only objects and purposes Is estab
lished by the letter and spirit of the
treaty ss well aa by the Intentions clearly
ALmiWA - nrl Mt forth in Official aCtS
of the ministers who created the alliance !
and confirmed and renewed It in the
Interest of peace which always has In
spired Italian policy.
The treaty, as long as Its intent and
purposes had been loyally interpreted and
regarded and as long ss It had not been
used ss a pretext for aggression against
others, greatly contributed to the elimi
nation and settlement of - causes of con
flict, and for many years assured to
Europe the Inestimable benefits) of peace.
4nrin Jlfvers Treaty
But Austria -Hungary severed the treaty
bv Its own hands. It rejected the
response of Serbia, which gave to it all
the satlsfuctlon It could legitimately
claim. It refused to listpn to the con
ciliatory proposals presented by Italy-in
conjunction with other powers. In the
effort to spare Kurope from a.va"J co,?C
flirt certain to drench the continent wltn
blood and to reduce It to ruin beyond the
conception of human Imagination ana
f Itmily Jt .provoked that conflict.
Article I of the treaty embodied the
usual and necessary obligations of such
facts the ledne to exchange views upon
anv political and othr questions i of a
general nature -that might arise. Pursu
ant to Its terms, none of the contracting
parties had the right to undertake, with
out a previous agreement, nor step the
consequence of which might Impose a
duty upon the other signatories arising
out of the alliance, or which would in
any way whatsoever encroach upon tneir
vital Interests. This article was violated
by Austria-Hungary when it sent to
Ferbla Its note dated July M. 191. an
action taken without the previous assent
of Italy.
.' Obligation the- Creates.
Thus Austria-Hungary violated beyond
doubt one of the fundamental provisions
Sf the treaty. Tha obligation or Austria
Hungary to come to a previous under
Jtindln? with Italy was the tBrJM-'
caused Its obstinate policy against Berbia
a-av rise to a situation which directly
"ended to the provocation of an European
WAs for back as the beginning of July.
J914, the Italian government preoocupiea
by the prevailing feeling In Y8nn
caused to be laid before the Austro
Hungarian government a number of
suggestions advising moderation ana
warning It of the impending danger of
an European outbreak. The course
adopted by Austria-Hungary against
Berbia constituted moreover a direct en
croachment upon the general interests
of Italy, both political and economical.
In the Balkan peninsula, Austria-Hungary
could not for a moment Imagine
that Italv could remain Indifferent while
Serbian independence was being trodden
upon.
Several "Waralaa Glvea.
On a number of occasions theretofore
Italv gave Austria to understand In
friendly but clear terms that the inde
pendence of Serbia was considered by
Italv as essential to Balkan equilibrium.
Austria-Hungary was further advised
that Italv could never permit that equi
librium to be disturbed to its prejudice.
This warning had been conveyed not only
by its diplomats in private conversations
with reeponalbie Austxo-Hungartan ot
ftolals, but waa proclaimed publicly by
Italian statesmen on the floors of Par
liament. . ',
Therefore, when Austrla-Hungsry Ig
nored the usual practices and me-
- J .M. ,.r . BBTuilnir It n Ultl-
!matum without. In any way, notifying i
tha Italian govern mm ui wi "
!poed to dd, indeed leaving that govern
ment to Uaro of its action through the
press rather than through the usual
channels of diplomacy, when Austrla
Uunaary took this unprecedented course
Ut not only severed Its alliance with Italy,
but committed an act Inimical to Italian
Interests.
Praa ( A stria.
The Italian government had obtained
trustworthy Information that the com
plete program laid down by Austria
lUungary with reference to the Balkans
was prompted bv a desire to denrease
lialVs economical and political Influence
Itn that section, and tended directly and
Indirectly to the subservlance of Berbia
to Austria-Hungary, the political and
territorial isolation of Montenegro, and
ithe Isolation and political decadence of
Koumanla. .
This attempted diminution of the Influ
ence of Italy In the Balkans would have
been brought about by tha Auetro-Hun-sTarlan
program, even though Austrla
Hungarr had no Intention ot maktnsr fur
ther territorial acquisitions. Ftirther
Imore. attention should be called to the
fact that the Austro-HunKartsn gwvera
Iment had assumed the solemn obligation
lof prior consultation of Italy as required
iby the special previsions of article VII of
'the treaty of the triple alliance, whk-h.
in addition to the obligation of previous
agreement,' recognised the right of rem
penbatlon to the other contracting par
ties in case one should oor.irpy tempo
rarily or permanently any section of
the Balkans
Italian Rearses)tatleas.
To this end the Italian approached the
Austro-Hunsarisn government Immedi
ately upon inauguration or Aimro-nun-tartan
hostilities against Berbia and suc
ceeded In attaining reluctant acauiesence
In the Italian representations, t onversa
tlons were Initiated Immediately after
July 23 for the purpose of giving a new
lease of life to the treaty which had been
violated and thereby annulled bv the act
of Austria-Hungary.
This object could be attained only by
th conclusion of new agreements. The
conversations were renewed with addi
tional propositions as the basis In Ij
cember, 114- The Italian ambassador at
Vienna at that Urns was given instruc
tions to Inform Count Berchtold. the
Austro-Hungarian minister for foreign
laffalrs. that the Italian government con
sidered it necessary ta proceed without
delay to aa exchange of views, and con
sequently to eoncreta negotiations with
the Austro-Hungarian government con
cerning tha complex situation arising
'out of the oonfllot which that govsm-
tnent bad provoked.
Rrfases mt First.
Count Berchtold at first refused. He
declared that the time had not arrived
for negotiations. Subsequently, upon our
irejolader, tn which the German gov em -Iment
united. Count Berchtold agreed to
imchanga views aa suggested. We
promptly declared, as one of our f jnda
ai objects, mat tb, compensation on
hirh the agreement should be based
should relate to territories st the time
unVr the dominion of Austria-Hungary.
The dtsrusslnri continued for months,
from the first days of "December to
March, and It was not until the end of
March that llaron Burlan offered a sons
of territory comprised within a line ex
tending from the existing boundary of
Italy to a point north of the city of
Trent. In exchange for this proposed
cession, the Austro-Hungarian govern
demanded a number of pledges. Including
among them an assurance of entire lib
erty of action In the Balkans.
Note should be made of the fact that
the cession of the territory around Trent
waa not intended to be Immediately ef
fective, aa ae demanded, but was to be
made only upon the termination of the
European war. We replied that the offer
was not acceptable, and then presented
the minimum concessions which could
meet, in part, our national aspirations
and strengthen In an equitable manner
our strategic position In the Adriatic.
What Demands Were.
The demands comprised: The extension
of the boundary In Trentino: a new
boundary on the Isonao; special pro
vlalon for Trieste: the cession of certain
islanda of the t'urxolari archipelago; the
abandonment of Austrian claims In Al
bania, and the recognition of our posses
sion of Avalnna and the islands of the
Aegean fee which we occupied ' during
oui war with Turkey.
At first our demands were categorically
rejected. It was not until another month
of conversation that Austria-Hungary was
Induced to Increase the scne of territory
it waa prepared to cede in the Trentino
and then only as fas as Meas-Iombardo,
thereby excluding the territory inhabited
by people of the Italian race such as
tho Val del Noce. Val dl Fasso and Val dl
Amper.xo. Such a proposal would have
given to Italy a boundary of no strategi
cal value. In addition the Austro-ilun-
farlan government maintained Its de
nrmtnatlon not to make the cession ef
fective before the end of the war. The
repeated refusals of Austria-Hungary
were expressly confirmed In a conversa
tion between Baron Burlan and the
Italian ambassador at Vienna on April 19.
Opposed Other Demand.
While admitting the possibility of rec
ognizing some of our Interests In Avalone
and granting the above mentioned terri
torial cession In the Trctino. the Austr-e
Hungarian government persisted in tta
opposition to all our other demands, espe
cially those regarding the boundary of
the I son to, Trieste and the islands.
The attitude assumed by Austria-Hungary
from tha beginning of December
until the end of April mode it evident
that It was attempting to tempo rue with
out coming to a conclusion. Vnder such
circumstances Italy waa confronted by
the danger of losing forever the oppor
tunity of realising Its aspirations based
upon tradition, nationality, and Its desire
for a safe position In the Adriatic, while
other contingencies In the European con
flict menaced its principal interests In
other upas.
Hence Italy faced the necessity and
duty of recovering that liberty of action
to which it was entitled and of seek
ing protection for its Interests apart from
the negotiation which had boen dragging
uselessly along for five months and with
out reference to the treaty of alliance
which had virtually failed as a result of
its annulment by the action of Austria-
Hungary in July. int.
Grievances Recalled.
It would not be out of place to observe
thst the alllanoe having terminated and
there existing no longer any reason for
the Italian people to be bound by it.
though they had loyally stood by It for so
many years because of their desire for
peace, there naturally revived In tha
public mind the grievances against Aua-
trla-Hunsrary which for so many year
naa neen voluntarily reprepseo.
While the treaty of alllanoe contained
no formal agreement for the use of the
Italian language or the maintenance of
Italian tradition and Italian civilization
in the Italian provinces of Austria,
nevertheless if the alllanoe was to be
effective In preserving peace snd har
mony was clear that Austria-Hungary,
as our ally, should have taken into ac
count the moral obligation of respecting
what constituted soma of tha vital in
terests of Italy.
Policy of Austria.
Instead tha constant policy of tha
Austro-Hungarian government was to
destroy Italian nationality and Italian
civilisation all along the coast of the
Adrlatto. A brief statement of tha facts
and of the tendencies well known to all
will suffice: substitution of officials of
the Italian raoa by officials of other na
tionalities; artificial Immigration of
hundreds of families ef a different na
tionality; replacement of' Italian by
other laborers; exolueton from Trieste
by the decrees of Frlnoe Hohenjoha ox
employes- who were subjects of Italy;
denationalisation of tha Judicial admin
istration; refusal of Austria to permit an
Italian in Trieste, whioh formed tha
subject of diplomatic negotiations; de
nationalisation of navigation oompanles;
noouragement of other nationalities to
the detriment of tha Italian and finally
the methodical and unjustifiable expul
sion of Italians In ever increasing num
bers. Oaawca Baek at It.
This deliberate and persistant policy of
tha Austro-Hungarian government with
reference to the Italian population was
not only due to internal conditions
brought about by tha competition of the
different nationalities within Its terri
tory, but waa inspired in great part by
a deep sentiment of hostility and aver
slcn towaid Italy, which prevailed partic
ularly In the quarters closest to tho
Austro-Hungarian government and Influ
enced decisively Its course of action.
Of the many Instances which could be
cited it is enough to say that In 1111,
while Italy was engaged In war with
Turkey the Austro-Hungarian general
staff prepared a campaign against us
and the military party prosecuted ener
getically a political Intrigue designed to
drag in other responsible elements of
Austria.
The mobilisation of an army upon our
frontier left us In-no doubt of our neign-
hne'a Mntlmenr and Intentions. The
crisis waa settled pacifically throuejh the
Influence o'. so far as is known, no
outside factors; but since that time we
have been constantly under apprehen
sion of a sudden attack - whenever the
party opiosed to us should get the upper
hand In Vienna.
Kf forts Are Vain.
All of this was known in Italy, and It
waa only the slnoere desire for peace
prevailing among the Italian people
which prevented a rupture. After the
European war broke out Italy sought to
come to an understanding with Austria-
Hungary with a view to a settlement
satisfactory to both parties which might
avert exlHtlng and future trouble. Its
efforts were In vain, notwithstanding the
efforts of Germany, which for months
endeavored to Induce Austria-Hungary
to comix y with Italy s suggestions.
thereby recognising the propriety and
legitimacy of thai Italian attitude.
Therefore Italy found itself compelled
by the force of events to seek other so
lutions. Inasmuch as the treaty of alll
anoe with Austria-Hungary had ceased
virtually to exist and served only to
prolong a state of continual friction and
mutual suspicion the Italian ambassador
at Vienna waa Instructed to declare to
the Austro-Hungarian government that
the Italian government considered Itself
free from the ties arising out of the
treaty of the triple alliance insofar as
Austria-Hungary was concerned. This
communication waa delivered In Vienna
on May .
Seeaalts New Concessions.
Rubsequently to this declaration and
after we had been obliged to take steps
for the protection of our interests the
Austro-Hungarian government submitted
new concessions, which, however, were
deemed insufficient and by no means
met our minimum demands. These of
fers could not be considered under the
circumstances.
The Italian government having taken
Into consideration what has been stated
above and supported by the vote of
Parliament and the manifestation of the
oountry, came to a decision that any
further delay would be inadvisable.
Therefore on this day (May Sfl It was
declared In the name of the king to the
Austro-Hvngarisn ambassador at Rome
that beginning tomorrow. May 24, it w11
oonsider itself in a state of war with
Austria-Hungary. Orders to this effect
also were telegraphed yesterday to the
Italian ambassador at Vienna.
British Casualty List
Numbers Nearly 2,000
LONDON. Hay M. The British casual
ties lists Just published srs heavy. They
include ninety-one officers and nearly
2,000 men of both services
Among the killed were lieutenant
Arthur Coke, son of the Karl of Ilcester,
and Major John MacKenxle, who won the
Victoria cross in the Ashantl campaign
in 110.
IMPLEMENT SALES
BIGGER THAU EVER
Omaha Dealers Report Almost Phe
nomenal Increase in the Sale
of Faming- Tools.
INDIQATES MAMMOTH CROPS
Such smiles have not been 'worn by tha
Implement men of Omaha and the rest of
the state for many years as these fellows
have now. The sales of implements this
spring have been extraordinary. "There
Is a wonderful sale of all lines of hay
tools at present, and we ran safely say
there is the biggest prospect for a hay
crop the state has seen for five years,"
saW W, I). Hosfbrd of tha John Peers
I'low company. '
'The sale of corn planters snd tUlaire
tools has been exceptionally good this
spring, and I never saw a better year for
the sale of hay stackers, rakes, mowers,
snd all lines of hay tools," said H. R.
Daniels of the International Harvester
company.
"We have had an increase of SO per
cent in the sate of hay tnota and corn
planting and cultivating tools over any
previous year," said O. M. Durkse of
the rar'ln-Orendorff company. listers ?
Well I should say there has been a de
mand for listers. IJating corn is coming
Into great favor. One of our customers,
H. O. McKee of Gregory. 8. D., sold
elghty-elx listers this spring. The sale
of hay tools is great
Alfalfa rrss Ksrly.
"The aXalfa crop has coma en about
a week or ten days earlier than usual.
The first crop of alfalfa la being cut
now In many parte of the state, which
means that If conditions continue grod
four crops will be out easily this year.
From all reports from oat In the stats
the prospect for the sale of binders this
year Is simply wonderful.
Tha exceptionally large sale of listers
this year waa noticed also by tha John
Deere Plow company. 'The sale of lis
ters Is increasing each year," said W. D.
Hosford. "and thle year It ha been far
bigger than ever. We have been com
pletely out of them several times, and I
think a great many ef the houses In
Omaha have been out of them a half
dosen time this spring when orders
came In. Our shipments of Implements
are very heavy at present, so that It is
not unusual for us to ahtp out 160.0C0
pounds of local freieTht on Monday
mornings to say nothing; ef the through
carloads. That means nine or ten car
loads of local freight loaded out ef the
plant on Monday morning. We are ship
ping some binders already, but this busi
ness has scarcely started aa yet since
the cutting will hardly commence until
the first week in July."
Omr -Jitney" Otter .-Tals la Sn.
Don't miss this. Cut out this sUp,
enclose with 60 to Foley Jt Co., Cntoajro,
III., writing your name and address
clearly. Teu will receive in return a
trial package containing Foley's Honey
and Tar Compound, for ooughs, colds
and croup; Folsy Kidney Pills, for pains
In sides and back, rheumatism, back
ache, kidney and bladder ailments; and
Foley Oathartlo Tablets, a wholesome
and thoroughly cleansing cathartic Btout
people enjoy them. Bold srerywhsra.
Advertisement.
LIGHTNING FIRES BARN
ON 0. C. WILSON'S FARM
lightning during the electrical storm
of last night set fire to the ban belong
ing to O. C. Wilson, living one and a
A Remedy
For AH Pain
"The efficiency ef any drug" says Dr. O.P.
Robblns, "is known to us by the results wa
obtain from Its ass. If we ere able to con
trol pain and disease by means of any pre
paration, we certainly are warranted in Its
use. Oas of the principal symptoms ot all
diseases Is pain, and this Is what the patient
most often applies to us for, L e. something
to relieve his psln. If ws can arrest this
firomptly, the patient is most liable to trust
n us for the other remedies wkloh will effect
a permanent cure. Oae remedy whioh I
have used largely In my practice la AnM
kamnia Tablets. Many aad varied are that
Diss. I have put tasm to tha test on many
occasions, and have never beea disappoint-
rj. I found them especially valuable tor
sadaehea of malarial origin, where quinine
was being taken. Tbey sppssr to prevent
the bad atter-efteeta of the quinine. Antt
kamnia Tablets are also excellent for the
besdecbes from Improper digestion) also
lor headaches of a neuralgic origin, and as-
Bsc tally lor woman subject to pains at esrtsUa
mes. Two AnU-kamnia Tablets give
prompt relief, and in a abort time the patient
is able to go about as usual." These tablets
msy bs obtained at all druggists. Ask for
A-K Tablets. They are also OBSxeslisd tot
headaches, neuralgia aad ali pains.
Now is the time for aU good men to come
to the aid of this city.
Not that Omaha is in a precarious state of
affairs I should say not! Omaha, according' to
statistics, shows up as one of the most prosperous
and progressive cities in the world today, and the
only thing we want is more wide-awake Boosters.
So, if you call yourself a good Omahan, read
this space for the next few days.
lRcrKjLTTiilzim Cxxrx Bo Cured
Wfcr rafter when the new treatment will goeUively ear Rheumatism
In tea najra. Stpp eufterUg said avoid serious aompUcaUoos wfclca may
bother jou (or Ufa. Call or write for testimonials aad full particulars.
DIR. W. W.
S14 Bee Building.
half miles northwest of Benson snd It
was completely destroyed. The stock was
saved, but little else. The property ass
Insured.
Experts Consider
Electrical Code
Ir. IX B. Roaa chief physicist, snd W.
J. Canada, electrical engineer, of the na
tional bureau of standards. Washington,
era here to confer with representatives
of the electric light company, telephone
company, street railway company and
others, In connection with the prepara
tion of a standard electrical code.
These federal experts are making a tour
of the country, gathering data on electri
cal subjects, this Information to be con
sidered during tho summer at a confer
ence to be held In Washington by state
and municipal officials, casualty men,
electrical workers snd others Interested
In electrical construction and service.
After a year's trial of the code of rules
to be prepared by the national bureau,
an effort will be made to have the various
state commissions adopt the code and
thus establish uniformity throughout tha
country.
The bureau also hopes In Its work to
eliminate weak features of local codes
now ling used and to give the country
the benefit of strong features gathered
during this tour of Investigation.
Presbyterians 0. K.
Attack on Seminary
ROCI f EXT F7R, N. T.. May !H.-At thia
afternoon'a session, the 127th general as
sembly of the Presbyterian church In the
United States voted to adopt the rejiort
of the special committee on the legal,
ecclesiastical and theological, or doctrtnal
status of Union Theological seminary.
Dr. Francis Brown, president of Union
seminary. In an address objected to the
committee's statement that the authori
ties of the seminary do not feel under
obligation to teach or promote tha teach
ing of Presbyterian doctrine In the in
stitution. He said that the Institution
atanda for the furtherance of Christianity,
without reference to any specific denomi
nation. '
"Who deposits your
money In tha bank?
SOMEBODY does.
Are YOU saving
eome of yonr Income
and systematically put
ting it away where It
will work for YOUR
benefit, or Is It all
slipping through your
fingers Into the pocket
and bank account of
SOMEBODY EL8B?
EnreirrocEf
ANTHRACITE
THE COAL THAT SATISFIES
More Het
Lcaa AA No
Smoke Aak
Yoor Dealer.
-J
BOWSER
OhuUia, Nobragg.
it
gets away like a racer"
The Chalmers New Six-40
"gets away like a racer."
The new high speed, long
stroke, valve-in-head motor
with overhead cam shaft is
what makes it "get away."
It is efficient, very flexible
and unusually compact.
This new motor gives the
car the power of a locomo
tive. A wonderful new spring
suspension, a new principle,
makes it ride like a Pullman.
Come in and let us intro
duce you to this "new
thoroughbred."
It is the lowest price at
which Chalmers quality
has ever been sold.
Chalmers
, NEWSIXr40
Stewart-Toozer Motor Co.
2048-52 Farnam Street Omaha Nebraslia.
Tclqphono Dcnnbs 130
'Let
The Louim
A Lounging Room for Womon
An Observation-Club Room for Mon and Womon
A train of steel construction, operated with the intent of a smooth, restful rida an3 .
.a punctual arrival in Chicago at 8:10 A. M. "Well equipped and well operated" is Ui ,
general comment about this train.
Note Its Convcniont Connections
MICHIGAN OKNTH.VL at 9:05 a. m. and 10:30
a. m. (or New York and Boston; 9:05 a. m..
(or Montreal, Canada, etc.
PENNSYLVANIA at 8:45 a. m., 10 a. m. and
10:30 a. in. (or Washington and New York;
t: 80 a. m., Indianapolis and Cincinnati.
LAKK 8IIOKK at 10:16 a. m. (or New York;
10:30 a. m. (or New York, Boston.
HWl FOt'Il at 8 : G5 a. m. (or Cincinnati.
ILLINOIS 1'KNTItAL at 9:15 a. m. (or New
Orleans.
Special Summer Tours East
IliilillillH'HI
liliilifr
BLOCK PROTKCTKIl
City Ticket Office, Farnam and Sixteenth Sts.
BUSINESS
These ads will
your next ear be a Chalmers
For
e air
c
MOXON at 8:80 a. m. for LonUrlUe; 9:10 awa,
(or Cincinnati.
ft HAND TRUNK at 10:55 a. m. for New Tork.
ERIK at 11:00 a. m. for New York.
BALTIMORE tt OHIO at 10:40 a. m. (or Wash
ington and New York.
NICKEL PLATE at 10:85 a. m. for New York,
and Boston.
WABASH at 12:04 noou for New Tork and
Boston.
A complete arrangement of eastern summer
tours has been announced, comprising direct line
and circuit tours that include the vacation and his
toric regions of the East, with New York and Bos
ton as destinations. Let us help you make such a
tour attractive.
OPPORTUNITIES
SB1BBSSBSSSSS ,
start you on the road to wealth
hi-
-a
V!
QiUtj Fiat
1
a
,
TpsSfd
C A)"
Phones D. 1238 and D. 3580.