THE OMAHA SUNDAY ttKK: XOVEMUKK !, l!Mt.
5-B
South America's Brave Araucanian Indians
(Copyright,
if
(Copyright, 1314. by Frank O. Carpenter.)
BMt'CO. Chile. Temuco In one
of the live towns of southern
CMIe. It I about 4.000 miles
south of Panamn, situate In
a wooded country back from
the coast. When I first
visited It, about fifteen years ago. It was
on the edge of ths frontier. It was sur
rounded by Indians and Irs wide, streets,
lined with log cabins, were rivers of
mud. The country roads were almost Im
passablo anl the stumps still stoo1 in
the streets. Today Temuco has more than
SO.OW population and It Is an up-to-date
South American city. Its one-story
houses of brick and stone are covered
with stucco, painted In the brightest of
colors, and they stand upon wide streets,
well paved with cobbles. The streets
cross one another at right angles. The
town Is laid out checkerboard fashion,
with a large plaza, in the center. The
Plaza is fillet) w'th flowers and trees and
the band plays there of a Sundny.
Temuco la the chief supply point of an
extensive farming district. The chief
crop Is wheat, and much of It Is planted
and harvested' with American machinery.
There are many large stores, and in them
I see plows from Molina and windmills
from Chicago. The International Har
vester company does a big business at
this end of the continent. Its thrashers
and reapers are to be frequently seen,
and much of the machinery Is moved by
American engines. At the samo time the
old tramps on the heels of the new. The
oxcart crowds the automobile, and cattle,
yoked by their, horns, oil through the
streets pulling j great loads. The place
is a mixture of savagery and civilization.
The streets are filled with well dressed
men and women of a half dozen nationali
ties, and there are-.alo Indians In
ponchos and Indian girls riding astride,
galloping along on their ponies.
The Indians of Temuco are the famed
Araucanians. ,They have reservations
nearby, and their farms lie In blocks
" surrounded by those of new settlers
from Europe and of the modern Chlleno.
tered over the country. I have visited
several, of the reservations and have
watched them reaping their grain with
American reapers and threshing It with.
American thrashers. I have met some, of
the braves, and a few of the squaws,
and am therefore able to give a faint
moving picture of the last of the race as
It la In this good year 1914.
But first let me say a- word of the
Araucanians of the past Tou have all
heard of the Incas, who bnce ruled from
Ecuador far down into Chile. They had
In their dominion Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
an3 the northern part of this country.
They tried to capture the south, but
when they reached the lands jpf the
Araucanians they were met by the de
cree, "thus far shalt thou go and no
farther." The -Araucanians kept the
Incas out of about all the land below
Santiago, and it Is claimed now that they
were never really conquered by cither
the Incas or whites.
v f
1
',1
Two
Typical
subdued by the Spaniards and their lands
were taken from tliera Just as we have
taken the lands of our Indians. They are
much like our Indians now, being settled
upon reservations or upon Individual
farms, which they are not permitted to
sell. The race of the post haa been deci
mated by drunkenness and disease, and
it grows fewer every year. It comprises
now less than 75,000, and of these about
30,000 are scattered over this province of
Temuco and the country adjoining.
Have Divided Reservations
m
- J A A
iffi, ten jip
I.
with him and that there tan spirits keep
np a constsnt fleht with his soul. The
evil spirit Is supposed to follow Mm
even to his grave. For this reason a dead
man I. seldom burled at unce, and when
he Is out Into the grave the people
make nolees to frtght-n the evil spirits
away. There are medMne men and witch
doctors who are supposed to he able
to ward off the evil spirit, and keep It
from harming a man and his crops.
The witch doctor is always cslled In
when an Indian grows skk and If he
should recover It Is anipoard to be due
to Ihe skill of the doctor. If not. the
doctor claims that the pntlent h been
bewitched and he may point out the man
or woman who hns bewitched h.tu. In
The rude homes of the Indians are scatH- Mogt of th6 holdln ftre ln rMervation,
Stabbom Bet of Fl0hters.
There is no race which has caused the
Spaniards so much trouble as the Arau
canians. For three generations they
waged a successful war against the
Spanish invader, destroying his forts
and besieging his cities. They killed
Pedro Valdlvla, the man who founded
Santiago, and it waa only Inch by Inch
that his successors drove them toward
the . south. When they were finally
overpowered by great numbers they re
fused to be the slaves and hirelings of
the conquerors. They continued their
fighting, off and on, and today they
maintain their . own Identity. They
have their own farms, and they lead
lives apart from the descendants of the
white-skinned Invaders, who robbed
them off the empire they once possessed.
I say empire, for the Araucanian posses
sions, comprised the best part of the Chile
of today. Much . of it waa farmed by
them. They grew crops of corn and pota
toes, and In the far north they had llamas
and alpacas which they got from the
Incas.
The Araucanians of that day were very
much like our Indians of eastern North
America. They did a little farming, but
most of them lived by hunting and fish
ing. They were warlike Indians, and were
always ready to fight for their rights.
When the Spanish came in the armies
' raised against them were large. Valdlvla
-was frequently attacked by thousands of
Indians, and at one time an army of
10,030 Araucanians besieged Santiago.
That was about -fifty years after the dis
covery of America. The Spaniards had
surrounded the city with palisades, but
the Indians tore them down and set fire
to the houses. Indeed, it was only
through the leadership of Ines Suarez. a
beautiful girl, who might be called the
Joan d"Arc of Chile, that the Spainards
of this part of the world were not then
wined from the face of the earth. This
el was the mlHtreee of the commander
Valdlvla. In-the absences she assumed f
the leadership of the- troops. She put
on a coat of meilV and with her little
Fpanlsh army drove, the Indians back.
During the alege she captured six of the
Indian chiefs, and It la said she cut off
their heads with her own bands.
Native Opposed Settlers.
During the wars with the Araucanians
the Spaniards hsd much the same experl
i encea that our forefathers had in the
days of the colonists. The Indians sur
rounded the settlements and killed every
white man they could get away from his
fellows.. They bottled the Spaniards up
In Santiago and forced them to live on
rats and the roots of wild plants- The
Spaniards had their starving times similar
to those that our colonists had at Jarnesl
town, and during one of, these ValdWla,
who was the Captain John Smith' ot Chile,
wrote to Charles V of Spain that fifty
grains of corn were a good day's ration,
and that -the corn was eaten both meal
nd bran. VaJdlvia carried his fighting
far bouth of Temuco. It was right here
that he was once attacked by 40,000
warriors, and saved himself only by
charging the Indians with a company of
avalry. The Indians were frightened by
the horses, and In the battle 1,000 of them
were killed and 400 were taken prisoners.
In former rampaJgna the Indians had
tortured tli whiten, and Valdlvla, in
order to terrify them, ordered that the
right hands and noses of the prisoners
should be cut off. After that they were
allowed to go back to their tribes.
Fighting of this kind went on for years
and during It Valdlvla was captured and
tortured to death. He was carried, naked
and bound, through the woods to an In
dian camp, and certain authorities say
that the Araucanians poured molten gold
town his throat,
but the story ot these Indian wars
would take many pages. The brave had
their great chiefs ia the persons of Lau
tero and Caupollcan, now honored by
statues In the Ubiieaa captlol. It is
set anldo by tho government The lands
are ant held In common, but are divided
among the families, so many acres being
given to each person. A baby gets the
same amount of land as an) old man of 00.
If one of the family dies there is a new
subdivision of the land allotted to that
family, and If the whole family disappears
the lands revert to the government. Most
of the holdings are patriarchal. The old
est male member of the family controls
the property, and when he dies another
Is selected to take his place. The people
have a loose tribal relation and are prac
tically ruled by their chiefs under the
Chilean government. ' -
During my stay I have visited some of
these Araucanian reservations. The land
about Is rolling, and that of the Indiana
is comparatively free from trees. It looks
not ' unlike parts of Ohio and Indiana,
and there is nothing to Indicate that It
Is on another continent and more than a
thousand miles south of the equator. The
soil Is a rich black loam,' much of which
is now covered with wheat ready for har
vest. I am surprised at the extent of the
Indian farms and the crops. The farms
are mostly worked by the whites or half-
breeds, who are hired by the Indians for
a share of the crop. On one Araucanian
farm I saw a white man plowing and
upon another an Intelligent Chlleno was
threshing wheat, using an American
thresher. That Indian farmer had about
J00 acres In wheat and his sons were
haevMttno- this with the aid of white
men. They used McCormlck headers,
pushed along through the fields by oxen,
yoked to . the maohlne by their horns.
The heads of , the grain dropped into a
wagon. In which they went to the
thresher. In this work a white Chlleno
did the driving and the Indians urged
the oxen onward with goads, tipped with
iron. The oxen were so cruelly treated
that the blood ran down their backs.
The white driver told me that he got a
percentage of the crop for his work.
Great DoT Lovers. ,
On the edge of this wheat field were a
number of Indian huts. EverMamlly had
n ,if dozen dogs, which rushed at me
.h. I came near. At the same time the
women scolded and the men scowled as
i nhntnirninhi fif the girls. The
i - -
Arnpn.nian houBCB are eldom more than
lftaan tVkf MO II A 16. Their wall &r of
niveau w -i
iwt.rri. and their ridg roofs of thatch,
TVtArA are no windows, and the light
comes In through the rude door at, the
front. There are no yards or gardens
about the houses and no conveniences of
.nv descrlntlon. The only furniture 1 a
hd made of poles, or two or three beds
in ease the man has more than one wife,
whldh Is by no 'means uncommon. In
one of the huts I found two fires going,
.nd over each fire was a wife who cooked
for her own brood of children. The floor
of the hut was Mother Eartn, ana
littered with farming uiensus anu
clothing and saddles and harnesa from
the rafters hung ears of corn, strings
of onions and long strips of dried meat
The place looked like a Junk shop.
The sleeping arrangements of this home
consisted of two closetlike rooms, par
titioned off from the body ot the hut by
poles and skins. In each was a low plat
form covered with sheepskins. - Each
platform was the sleeping place of one
of the wives and her share ot the chll
dren. , v '
Bntoke Thick Esosik to Cat,
I was Interested In the cooking: Their
fires were in holes In the ground. Inside
the huts, and the smoke waa so thick that
it could be felt. It had blackened the
walls and roof, and when too noia
of a rafter, my band was covered with
aoot The cooking utensils were iron
pots, resting on stones over the coals.
Each pot had a stew, consisting of mut
ton cut up in small pieces and seasoned
to taste. They were roasting potatoes and
green corn In the ashes, and the smell
waa delicious. A great deal ot red pepper
is used, and It la said that they have a
way of killing sheep and peppering and
salting ts lungs while It I dying. They
hang the sheep up by its four legs ami
stuff the windpipe with this salt and
pepper. While the animal gasps under
the treatment they cut the Jugular vein
and a stream of blood is turned Into the
windpipe in kucb a way that it washes
the salt and pepper Into the lungs. . After
the death of the sheep Its lungs are taken
out and eaten raw, having thus been sea
soned to taste. At all meals the men
are served first The women act as the
waiters, and eat what 1 left,
The Araucanians look much like the
North American Indiana They are about
the best type of the Redmen of this
continent and their features are much
stronger than those of the Aymaiaa or
Qulchuas, who live high up In the Andes.
The younger' men are 'straight and well
formed.. The girls are good looking, and
A
(I -44
j il " ' JF
jftoiiJ t'
AjfaxxdajxianBslls.
rapidly, however, and at 40 they have aa
many wrinkles as a withered apple. These
woman have copper complexions and jet
black hair. They have square faces with
low foreheads and high chek bones.
They are proud of their hair, which Is
long, thick . and - straight They
bind It up In two braids and wear
it down their backs or tied around the
crown of the head, so that the braids
stand out like horns over the face. The
braids are often decorated with silver
heads, and their ends are sometimes
Joined by a string of silver balls.
The Araucanians are fond of jewelry,
and as In many semi-savage countries.
the lewelry of the women Is the savings
bank of the family. The most common
ornaments are ot silver made in earrrlngs
and breastpins. Pome of the earrings
are of solid silver plates as large as a
playing card, with ear-hooks attached,
others are discs. Some of the women have
silver chains around their necks, and oth
ers have their breasts decorated with sil
ver beads. They have also rings on their
fingers and beads of silver sewed to the
red cloth an their ankles. In the thresh
ing scene which I have described the
bags-were held by an Indian girt who
wore a silver breastpin as big as my
two hands; and another nearby had on a
coronet of silver coins. These girls wore
short skirts and waists, and they had also
bright colored blankets over their shoul
ders fastened with silver buckles In front.
The Indian men delight In bright colored
ponchos. , J f .
The most of thV Araucanians drlnw to
excess. I saw some who were sodden
with alcohol. On my way to the reserva
tion I drove past an old brave who waa
so full of liquor that he swayed this way
and that on his pony. Hit squaw rode on
the same pony behind him. ' She was
dressed in a bright colored blanket and
a red skirt, but hur head was bare and
her long, black locks floated out on the
breeze. Her feet were also bare, and
I could see that it waa only by pressing
her bare heels tight agnlnst the flanks
of the horse that she was able to keep on.
holding the while to the waist of her
drunken, swaying husband. The ' liquor
used here Is pure alcohol and the women
Drink almost as much as the men.
' Christiana Have Missions. .
There Is some Christian work going
on among the Araucanians. The Catholics
have one mission and the - British and
Canadian Protestants another. There are
mission stations at Temuco, 'Quepe and
Cholchal. with churches, hospitals and
Industrial schools. The missionaries have
translated Genesis, the Acts and a part
of the book tof. Revelation In the
Araucanian language, and have reduced
that language to writing.
The Araucanians themselves have no
literature, but they have traditions which
havo come down from generation to
generation. Many of them hold to the
superstitions of their forefathers, believ
ing In the Great Father and In. good and
evil spirits. They think every man has
a good spirit and an ovll spirit always
St npR?
the latter event, the re:stiv of the de
ceased are Itshle to attack the perwwi so
charged. FRANK O. C'ARPENTKn.
PRATTLE OF THE YOUNGSTERS
Hobby (after listening to family quer-relV-Mamma.
If a boy la good all the
time he's little does he have ,lo get mar
ried when he's grown upT
' What Is a lie?" asked the conscien
tious Sunday sohnol teaehsr of the boyish
pupil given to hasty and spasmodic study,
not to say occasional confusion of mean
ing. "A He Is an abomination to the Lord,"
came lh unhesitating answer, "and a
very preeent help In time of trouble."
Have you said yeur prayers?" asked
the mother.
"Of eourne," replied the child.
"And did you ask to be made a better
llttlf. girl?"
."Yrs. and I put In a word for you and
father, too."
Young tady How is it you don't eotne.
to Sunday school, Katie?
Ketle Oh, please, miss, I'm learning
French and music . now, And mother;
doesn't wish me to take up religion till
laUr.
There Is Ornamental Utility in
Electrical Gifts
Th; gift which is at, once ornamental
and useful will be appreciated more
than ever this year, what is more ap
propriate than an Electric Coffee Per--colator?
For a friend in an Electrically
Lighted home such a gift is the acme of
good taste.
" :
The extravagance of "pretty trifles" is avoid
ed when an Electrical gift is selected.
Shop Early for Christmas
x
t
j It is none too early to begin your Holiday
buying now. You will secure beer selections,
more careful service and will avoid the eleventh .
f hour rush.
Omaha Electric light & Power Co.
HOW TO USE A DOCTOR
CHAPTER V.
H' I1KNRY.S. MUNRO, M. D.
'Truth wears do mask, bows at no human shrine, seeks neither place nor applause; she onl
asks a hearing.1'
cough to say that they were gradually I when young they are plump. TUoy as.
I
In my last article. I promised to men
tion many "leaders" who are bringing
their entire Institution. to conform with
"The New Era In Medicine," aa outlined
by the writer. I even went so far as to
sny: "It Is safe to predict that our own
State I'nlverstty will fsll Into line, in
keeping with the demands of the 10th
century civilisation." Yes, I say agata
or own State University will faU late
lias. Of course, 1 refer to the MedtoaJ
department of the Nebraska Plate Vtil
verrlty, since I can find no evidence that
the other departments of this Institution
are not holding up their end of the
banner of tmth, light and liberty,
other aamea tot eleaoe. The founda
tion laid in Unroln is the vis a torgo
to the Medical Department, and with th
application of a small amount or stimu
lus from the outside, the results will he
accomplished without the slightest' lota
of a doubt.
In the elements composing this great
Institution, there Is su:h a thing as In
nate psychophysical potentiality, energy
which is ever ready for expression. In
whatever form life may be found expree
tng ItselfT we have a reacting substance
ready te be aroused by a suite bio stimu
lus. The physiologists, the physicists
and the biologists tell us that this stimu
lus may be an electrio shock, a chemical
substance, the action of light, a change
of temperature, a decrease or Increase
of water, or a mechanical Impact .All
of these are Included In the last named
term, "a mechanical Impact, Including
those external factors, suoh these
printed words, that influence the activi
ties' of the central nervoua system
through contact with the special senses,
the reacting cell, organism, nerVous
mechanism. Individual or Institution, giv
ing the same response to them all.
The stimulus behaves as a kind of re
leasing agency, liberating what Is pent
up In the reacting subntance, be it an
ton, atom, or cell, or an aggregation
of bodies composing the Individual or
ganism or Institution which Is set Into
action by the process; In any esse, the
thins Is, os It were, compressed, leady to
explode. The potential energy la In
waiting, ' ready to become kinetic. ' Once
the trigger la pulled, or the releasing
agency sets going somo condition neces
sary to the process ot action, the further
work Is accomplished by the power In
the various elements embodied In the pro
cess. SeUsve mi, reader,, the Medloal
Separtmsat ot the University of the
State ef Hsbraske, la golag to fell into
Use, true te psychological, physiological,
physical or payalee-efcemloal law.
As astonishing aa this statement may
appear to you, I am In position to
evoke the hidden potencies lying dor
mant in those concerned in this Institu
tion, more sorely than can the Dean, or
the Board of Regents, or the "A team"
combined, and the entire cltlsenahlp of
the State of Nebraska will back ms up
In the procedure, because they will read
ily see that X ain aiding la onset-ring
ths welfare ef the unit, of the speoial-
Usd salts, and of the Jsrgsr professional
and social organisations, as well.
Indeed, It means somsthlag to be a
til tl sen of ths Stats of sTsbraska! Whsa
you are "right," all of ths powers ofths
municipal, stats aaa aettonal naomasry
ef goTsrnmsnt are here to sustain yom.
Thus life is a privilege, and work a
sourcs of happiness.
It la the conclusion of contemporary
physiologists that each human being is
what be is because of his Individual ex
periences slnos birth, and that when born
he Is ths speolflo embodiment of sll or
ganised experience whatsoever that en
ters Into the direct line of his human and
prehuman ancestry. A single cell, the
fertilised human ovum, thus comprises
the raw material of all the hlghur phases
of human character, ot what will later
manifest Itsolf as intellect, and also ot
what will express Itself as will. The
presentatlve and effective elements of
the organism thus co-exist In ths far
tlllsed ovum In their Integralunjty, be
these physical or psychlo attributes.
whether we regard man as mind, soul.
matter os life.
Ufe may be, and seems to ms to be, the
effect of energy which may call matter
into being for the purpose of expressing
or declaring Its own presence and power,
and, therefore, when the Immediate pur
pose has been fulfilled, matter may again
vanish into nothingness, so far as
asaa Personality is ooneeraed.
The nature factor Is the powerful deter
mlnsnt to the Individual life, and the Im
pingement of environment evokes the in
dividual reaction of the psychophysical
potentialities of the oiStanism (or Individ
ual), forcing its peculiar adaptation to
the environment In accordance with the
law of the survival of the fittest. The
"fittest" ia that cell, organism, ladi
Tidnel or Institution whloh will Vest
conserve the welfare, life, stability,
health, sanity and happiness of ths sa
tire social or professional organisation.
We are dealing with a biological problem.
Nothing Is nearer the truth than the
statement hat an environment that
would prove the annihilation of onetype
of organism for another would furnish
only wholesome and delightful exercise.
A thing, or cell, or person, or insti
tution, or a department ot an institution,
Is known by what It docs and by what It
Is capable of having done to It. It Is
action that counts. Tho energy of a
given body is tiie amount of transferable
motion stored up In that body, and It Is
measured by lis capacity of producing
psychic, mental, Intellectual, meohanlcal,
or physical work. Ths worth of aa in
'dirldnal, sr sf a steam engine, or of a
Bister plant, sr sf aa lastltutloa Is at as.
area by ths benefits contributed by It
to ths city, stats, or aatioa and la esti
stated by the sum total of his or its
coatrtbatioa as a life-saving potency sr
ageacy.
Energy presents itself to us lit two
forms, potential and actual. Potential
energy Is slumbering energy, energy local
ized or locked up In the body, be It desig
nated peycblo or phylcl. In order lo
transform potential energy Into actual
energy, there Is required the Intervention
of an additional awakening, stimulating,
or exciting energy from without. This
stimulating energy may be almost Infin
itesimal in amount, merely the effort to
educate and to re-educate ths patient, or
to point out the defects of an Institution,
and bears no qualitative relation to the
amount ot energy transformed. It la
the smalt amount of work required to
turn the key which liberates an Indeter
minate quantity ot potential energy. Ac
tual energy, en the other hand, la energy
In movement, awake and alert, ready to
be transformed Into any other form of
energy wltrout the Intervention of sunh
external stimulating ft -roe.
ftuoa is ths soleattfic seels sf say work,
and has besa fog ths past fiftsea years.
It has found ths endorsement and ap
proval sf thousands ef Amsrieaa Phy
sicians, is la karmsay with ths work sf
soientifis physicians la all Parts ef ths
olTilissd world, and brings postttrs cura
tive resalts for my patients. More yet
The "Klnetlo Theory of Dlseasv," as
elaborated by Dr. George Crlle. as well as
the main premises of his "Annocl associ
ation," are based upon premises advo
cated by me and recorded as sarly as 1103,
(See "Psychlo Forco A Therapeutic
fewer," Medical Indcx-Lanoet. .Kansas
City, Mo., 1903), In a paper reaeTby Invita
tion before the Jaekjon County Medical
Pociety, and further elaborated In the
first, second and third editions of my
published monogrsph, from 1JW to 1912,
all of which appeared before his published
articles on this subje-t, and were made
applicable to the entire practice of medi
cine, surgery and obstetrics In conjunc
tion with other well recognised thera
peutic agencies. Zt is Interesting te
acts that the medal awarded by "Amer
ican acedlaae" was five to Sr. Orilo
for work based npea premises which had
been published by ms aad antedate aim
by several years.
Furthermore, ths "Interrelations of
the Emotions as suggested by Recent
Physiological Kesearchers," by W. B.
Cannon, (113). of the department of
Physiology In the Harvard Medical School,
are nothing more than a further elab
oration of prsmlsss laid down by ms
and taught la my leotorsa and published
writings for ths past fiftsea years.
Moreover, ths "theory of animal reac
tion and animal will,'' developed under
the name of "the theory of animal trop
Isms," by Jaques Loeb, in his "The Me
chanistic Conception ot Life." (113), and
applied to ths understanding ot animal
and human conduct, era nothing mors
than a "new dress' for practloal concep
tions, based upon evolutionary monism,
and elaborated in ths three editions of
my "aggestlvs Tasrapsatios," ths first
sf whiok appeared la 1SOT, five years
prior to ths publication of his book.
A comparison Of ths published writings
by these "eminent men ot science," with
my own recorded work, by any fair
minded Investigator will ' confirm ths
truthfulness of my statements.
Further confirmation ot my published
and personal work, for the past fifteen
yesrs, on Psychotherapy, are to be
found in the Symposium presented before)
ths Amsrloaa Tasrapsatlo Society (1901)
also ths Symposium , presented before
ths America Academy of Ksdlolns,
(1918), upon "Ths Physical Basis of
Orims," and in 'Ths Modem Treat
meat of Msrvous and Mental Dieses,
as," by thirty "able Psychiatrists and
Neurologlnts" selected from the strong
est Medical Institutions ot the United
States and Great Britain, all sf whisk
were constructed from prsmlsss which X
had elaborated and mads applicable to
ths practice of medietas years before
thess works, recognised as ths most ad
vanced of present day medical lltsratnrs,
wsrs pat tats prist.
Ths address of A. Chauffard, Prof, of
Clinical Medicine In the University of
Paris, as ITesldent of ths lection on
Clinical Msdiotas, upon ths secasisn
of the Seventeenth International Con
gress, also furnishes Strong support for
ths sanity, practicability and efficacy of
my contribution to the present high status
of medical science for ths past fifteen
years, to say nothing ot the address of
Sir James Crlchton Brown, frresldeat
ef ths Section of syeblatry at ths
Seventeenth International Congress. In
fact, not a single advance made In scien
tific medicine, including ths dlscovsr-
Iss of snob men aa Xhrllch and CTex
nsr, and a fsw stksr laboratory work
ers, during the past five years, has been
else than confirmatory of the theories
and therapeutio technic elaborated and
made applicable to the treatment of dis
ease by me. Vartioalarly ia this true In
reference to the advance mads la physi
ological chemistry aad shsmloal path,
slogy. -
Kven lbs theories of Ehlilch, based as
ha assumes -that they are upon definite
chemical laws, purported by him to - be
"the triumph of chemo-therapeutlc re
search," are nothing more' than' hypo
theses, nurtured In his own fertile Imagi
nation, and which are os yet far from
being substsotlated by men wboss opinion
has ths bare aemblano 'of trust-worthiness.
so fas as being speolflo la thsir
application to. ths treatment of disease.
At a meeting of the Seventeenth In.
tematlonal Congress. Professor Khrl'cH
took occasion to call upon the scientific
n.en of the world ts combine and work
together for the advancement of "Chemo
therapeutio research." At the tlrue"of
the delivering of his sddress (1918). tbs
application of Chemotherapy was sup
posed to lie solely In the treatment of
the Infectious disorders, and Klexner had
pointed out that Immunology and experi
mental therapeutics had established tits
chief factors on which rtoovery from in
fection rests, I. ., that all ware In last
analysis chemical reactions that are per
formed with varying reagents consisting
of antibodies, phagocytes and specific
drugs, acting separately or togsther.
The premises established or laid down)
by Flaxner and Ehrlloh were regarded anl
authoritative, and they ara in harmony
with my published writings, and they
were awarded the highest prises iu token
of their discoveries, ss applied to ths
treatment of two specif I; infectious dis
eases, i then saw my chanos, and, ao-
v-viuuig ins ccmmioiis uia uiiwn or
Fltxner nod Khrlich, forthwith ac
cepted rrcf. Xhrllch's Invitation te
walk into ths arena aad labor for ths
advanssmsat of OSsmetaerapsvtlo re
search, And X demonstrated conclus
ively that all methods which prodnoe
therapsntie results are Moe&smtoa,
be they decjgaated as psychic, tains,
logic, hemolytic, satalytio, eksmlc
Sihysiologio or biologic, wastes test,
aatsd as rsyehothsrapy, or Chem
otherapy, er hsjrmaeelogy, Clint eel
Medicine, or syeblatry and sTenreloTy,
sines all thsrapsntlo measures pro.
dnos results la conformity to a com
mon. Uw, . e.. the action and reaction
of phystcoahamlcat phenomena. pointing
out that they were phyitcochemtcal pro
cesses. and I conclusively demonstrated
the applicability of suoh measures to tho
entire domain of medical practice, applic
able to the prevention and treatment of
the entire eatalog of d'ese. and In har
mony with my published writings sines
1908.
This paper stands today (Ths Corrs
tetton, Unification or Synthesis of
Chews -aad rsyohothsrapy), as tho
most valuable and all inclusive contri
bution to medical literature made since
the discoveries of PauUtur, Jennet andj
Lister, because, together with the work
of these men and those whoae work has
followed In their trail. It finds anvils.
ablUty to ths entire catalog of dissass.
It msy be of Interest to the reader to
know that only about six or eight Ameri
can Physicians possessed either ths
scholarship or ths bigness to recogniso
or admit tOtns ths far reaching contribu
tion to sclontlflo medicine embodied In
this paper, outweighing aa It did the
achievements of the entire medical profes
sion of America, gave ths work of, per.
haps, half dosen physicians all told dur.
tag tho past dscads.
Among thoss whose scholarship and
magnanimity were such aa to enable them
to grasp and to recognise ths merits of
my contribution (above cited), containing
aa it did ths resume of my work for ths
past fifteen years, wsrs two KxPresl.
dents of the American Medical assocta-
tlon. Dr. John B. Murphey, of Chicago,
and Dr. Chaa. A. I Resd of Cincinnati,
and Dr. Hugh Cabbot of Boston, Presi
dent of ths Mississippi Vsjley Medical
association; Dr. Wm. A. Whits of Wash
ington, D, C, Superintendent of the Gov
ernment Hospital of ths Insane; Dr.
Smith dy Jelllffe of ,New York. Editor
ef ths Journal of Nervoua and Mental
Diseases; a prominent Alienist and Neu
rologist of Chicago; tbs President of ths
New York State Medloal association; Dr.
James Putnam ot tho Harvard Medical
School; Dr. James Edward Moore, Prof.
Surgery In the University ot Minnesota,
and Drs. A. P. Condon, A. B. Undquest
and I. A. Merrlam, M- D of Omaha.
There Is much mors that I oould bring
forward as evidence of my fitness to '
Judgs ths qualifications of a man or of
an Instltutlcn, or ot ths Medloal Depart
ment pf such, but I will hers 1st ths sub
Ject of qualification rest Xf the com
bined work of ths satire School nndsr,
eonaldsratloa has contributed as. much,
as my own individual efforts ts ths pro
gress of scientific msdlolns, slnos its
inosptlon, and thsy can prove that such
Is ths sass, X would llks for them to de
so, aad would llks fsr them ts addnos
tbs proof after ths manner preserlbed by
me, so that ths public can judgs whoss
contribution to ths "llfs saving business'
has received ths greater recognition from
authoritative sources.
In defense of tins physicians constitut
ing this aggregation, I make no hesitancy
in saying that. In regard to the defects
of ths school, ths fault ts not theirs.
Thsy do not dsssrrs to bs blamed. . Wi
must look deeper for ths saass of ths
malady which is here under ousidssa. -tlon,
' Ws must, also, pat ths entire Med
loal Department of ths Ual varsity ef
sTsbraska npoa a sotentifle and useful
basts, making it an effectual Instrument
that will bs an ladlspsnslbls requisite to
ths welfare of ths larger professional
aad social organisation. Tbs honor of
ths Medloal profession Is at stake, and
ths lives of ths eitissns of ths Stats sf
STsbraska are our eoaoern.
State of Nebraska, who la willing to use
his or her Influence to- help put ths Medl.
cat Department of the State University
In the rank of a scientific adjunct to the
educational resources of the stats, with .
Its own Osnsral aad Psychopathic Hos
pitals, devoting its efforts ts ths in.
terest of ths whole of the citisenshJp cf -the
state at large, I will take pleasure in
sending them an artlclo of ts pagea, eu
titled. TalS CAX.X, OF THS SOth
CSVTUT.H Thess msa are not ts bs
blamed for thsir gams of pelflshasss and
incompetency. The cause lies In a
diseased condition of the larger social or-
ganlsatlon, which is more fully elaborated
in the paper Just cited. - Xt dealt with a
Medlco-Sociologloal Vroblem that should
oonoern each and svsry Intelligent cttl
sen of the entire State of sTebraska, par
ticularly ths rsal scholarship sf .the
State, such as are interested la the con
servation of human life, ths achievement
sf happiness, aad the maintenance of sf -ftoleaoy.
The Uvest issue bsfors ths
American people today Is the question sf
SCISsTTXTIO MSDICAT. BOCCATIOaT,
and ths asoessity sf putting the Medloal
School aad Hospital upon a Stats Unlvss
city basis.
esi ween a wiu ten yon waat WS ara
guing ts do about It.
HK-I BrandeU Theatr Bldg
OMAHA. 'WCB.
wt-rrrarii-v-
