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Prospects of Germans in South America
(Copyright. 114, by Frank O. Carpenter )
.ALD1VIA. Should Germany
succeed In the present war
and dominate the world, there
re two parts of South Amer
ica which may become Ocrman
colonic one la In southern
Brazil. It consists of aeverat states pop
ulated by Germans. It baa town and
cltlea governed by official who apeak
German. It has German newspapers and
there are German sluns over the stores.
Trier are German factories and brew
eries, and the brat businesses of the
country are owned by Germans. That
reslor Is sometimes called West Peutsch
land, and It has more good land than
Germany In Europe.
The other great region Is situated
here In tho lower part of Chile, and It
might be cllled Pouth Deutschland. It
Is far below Valparaiso and not far
from the Strait of Magellan. The. Ger
mans began to come here sixty-five years , miles from the mouth of the river, where
sgo. and so many have Immigrated that lies the port of Corral. All goods are
UI ffl V . x j ll V
III ' .-w ' y . .totw'Mt ,
I ftt.iy -IiiiiJUii in . Ml 1 iTTmii ' mTT" T
Gram awaiting Shipment mJ
Lin
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isiiHQJ"
feme of t.ie towns are now more German
than Spanish. The first settlers were
from Hamburg. They arrived Irt
tnd were 120 days on the. way. They num
bered seventy men. ten women and five
children. That colony was followed by
others, and by the clone of our civil war
there were more than 1,400 Germans who
had settled here. They came as plcmeers
ind had to cut their homes out of the
roods. They chopped down the forests
ind built log cabins and planted wheat
fields and orchards. They have now
cleared a large part of the country, and
have many fine farms. They are more
prosperous and thrifty than the ordinary
Chllenes, and many have become rich.
Hare Great Rnsvmllls.
Some of them have great sawmills,
and are shipping lumber to all parts of
Chile. Others raise wheat, potatoes and
apples, and not a few are engaged In
merchandising. Owing to their enter
prise the region promises to become one
of the richest and most prosperous parts
of the republic.
Already many large towns have
grown up, such as Osorno, Puerto
Montt and Valdlvla. Valdlvla la the
metropolis. laying BOO miles south of
Santiago, In the heart of the wools. It
Is surrounded by new farms and clear
ings. Its port is the principal one of
south Chile, and at It machinery of all
kinds, and especially agricultural Im
plements, nre landed. The city has now
20,000 people, and It Is rapidly growing.
It had a fire a few years ago which
landed at Corral, and carried up to Val
dlvla In barges. I took a steam launch
and rode down to look at the port The
stream Is about half as wide aa the Poto
mac at Washington. We first sailed by
lumber yards, boat-bulldlng work, saw
mills and other wood-working establish
ments. A little later we wound our way
among low hills covered with woods,
passing through a maze of fine scenery.
The stream Is of an emerald green; and
It flows between dark green banks and
low hllla as precipitous as those of the
Rhine between Matni and Cologne. Had
the hills been covered with vineyards, we
might have Imagined ourselves on n
launch on the Rhine, for there were many
Germans on board. The port of CorrRl
has only a few hundred people. Its build
ings are small, the wharves are poor,
and much of the unloading Is done out In
the harbor. There were two steamers at
anchor during our stay, nnd on our way to
the porta we passed barge carrying coal
and mach'nery up the river. Only small
vessels call here, and since the railroad
has been completed a large part of the
freight i carried that way.
Chile I'anaanl Country.
Southern Chllo Is far different from the
other parti of the country. - Chile, In
proportion to Its width. Is one of the
longest lands In the world. If it could be
laid upon the United States with Its
northern end at Philadelphia, It would
reach almost to the Pacific, and still Its
average width Is not greater than from
New York to Albany. The upper part of
HOW TO USE A DOCTOR
i'HAITKIt IV.
Till' rHACTICK OK MKDH'IXK IlFXMINfJ A RrlKXCK.
siroLiaw. aeiMAiti, rmrwcw, AtrTitiirs, ntrftfnaifs, oJtivwTAi.fi. iTat,i.n ajtd AMEmcAirt abb ova
ALLIES. MKXICO A LOU I! IS rHIDlWO IT HAJID TO IICOMB CITILrZED Hy HKNKY H. MINUO, M. D.
If tho reader bus followed iny previous j Interest In the wu.W'.il body; he doin
artlcles, he Is now in poslt'on to under- inates It. During tho clinical years he
strand wl.y a self respecting and en- I shrinks Into darkness and for many Is
IlKhtened physician ran not acquiesce In lost beyond recall crashed by the
tit
4 ... v. S ' .
5 ;, yM
swept away the buildings of wood an J 1 the land la a desert. en-bleik and bars
tin which then existed, and In their i as that of the Sahara. The middle part,
places we now find a new city, built ; extending from some distance above
along modern lines and up-to-dato In Santiago to a day'a ride by train north
every particular. Many of the hulld- j of where I am. Is one of the richest
tngs are , of reinforced concrete and of j farming regions on the globe. It Is known
two or three stories. The shops have ! as the Great Central valley and Its vast
plate-glass windows, coming down to j tracts of Irrigated land will grow every
tho pavements, and the window dls- j thing produced In southern California,
plays are better than those of our towns South of this valley and extending from
of the same slie at home. The streets ' Concepelon to the Strait i f Magellan, Is
are wide and the pavements about twice 1 long, narrow atrip which Is covered
aa broad as those of Santiago. The whole
tone of Valdlvla la white, and the con
crete construction make it look like a
substantial municipality built of Berea
sandstone..
More German Than Chilean.
with woods.
The climate and rainfall of Chile are
)-. -i ' - i
I . ;s ,p&
Trfyl'-: ,:-Xs .tX'j
Girt from fhcJZX&erte nd
team being Increased according to the
character of the labor. A half doxen
varied. In the northern part of the yokes of oxen may be used In hauling
country it never rains. In the central ' out timber, and It takes a long team to
valley the water drops only at long in-' drag the wheat on carts over the mud
tervala, but down here in the south they
Indeed. Valdlvla is more German than ! have ralnfaJ1 of 100 ,nche" and uPward
Chilean. The signs over the stores are Per year- V'HV, 109 ,nche- nd
In German, and there are German cafes.
' further south there is more. In some
in which .you get excellent beer made j P',ces the raln u 'l,t0,ml hlrteen
by the Germans. This beer is famous'"'""1"" cvcry ,c"r-
biiii mere are seasons wnen ins water
pours down, and other months when the
throughout the republic, and it Is shipped j
north and south on thu steamers. The
chief hotel here has a French name, but
it is run by a German, and Germans own
the greater part of the town. One of the
, leading exceptions is the, chief Importing
' establishment. This la American. It be
longs to W. n. Grace A Co., having a
pretentious two-story building, covering
the whole of one side of the plaza. This
store is filled with American machinery,
from windmills and reapers and thrashers
to hand sewing machines and notions. It
has also American canned goods and
textiles.
When I arrived In Valdlvla at night l
roads to the station. The oxen are
yoked by the horns, and they push
rather than pull. The yoke is fastened
to the tongue of the cart, and by push
ing against the yoke the cart is forced
onward. The animals in front of the
first yoke which pushes the tongue,
have ropes reaching from their yokes
sky Is clear, and there is no rain at all. to the cart This method of working
The latter condition has prevailed during; seems cruel, .although the natives claim
my stay.
Northern Part Treeless.
Northern Chile Is treeless. Central
it is not. When yoked up the oxen can
not move their heads from side to side,
and they are driven with long goads,
Chile has groves of eucalyptus and which end in sharp spikes. These goads
South Carolina poplars, and Its irrigat-j are often so mercilessly used that the
ing ditches and streams aro lined with j blood runs down the sides of the beasts,
magnificent trees. All of the trees ofi The cultivation of the farms here Is
that region have been planted. The cen- now largely done with American ma-
for any railroads If required to do so by
the state. Within twenty years, (,000,000
or 7,000,000 acres have been so auctioned
off, and it is said that there are still gov
ernment lands to the extent of about
13,000,000 acres already surveyed that may
be disposed of by colonization or by auc
tion in the future. That amount of land
would cover a territory more than half
the site of the state of Ohio.
Indiana Hold Home Lands.
In addition to the public lands are the
reservations occupied by the Indians.
There are 1S2 of these and they oover
altogether good lands to the amount of
100.000 acres. Thero are also lands that
may be sold for colonization, and special
terms are given to those who bring In
colonists. Such men havo a right to the
free passage of their immigrants from
Europe and to the allowances given to
government colonists already mentioned.
It is provided that they may be given
trel valley has naturally no trees, al- chlnery. I see American windmills and also a milch cow, a mare, a merino
though the land la so fertile that if you American plows and reapers and thrash- sheep, a pig and three fowls and a saw
set out an oak it would grow within I era almost everywhere. The wire for the mill (for each certain number of families,
fifteen years to the height of the virgin fences is furnished by our steel trust. ' In some cases the colonists have rude
I emected fin m i. ,,r. 1 0,lk of our 'orests. A eucalyptus will ; and there la scarcely a farm that is not ! houses built for them, and In others cer-
cxpeiicu io una every ining ciosea up u.iv. -r .., r.t i , . ,.j t.i. . . ,. . ... .. m
as tight as adrum, as is the custom In
nearly every Spanish-American city along
the west coast. It Is so of Lima, the
capital of Teru. That town has ttO.000
population, and is the chief business cen
ter of a country of several millions.
closed, and you walk between blank walls.
Santiago is double the size, and Its mer
chants go to bed with the chickens. Do-vn
here at Valdlvla the town Is alive after
dark, and Saturday night the stores arc
reach to a height of seventy-five feet In j now using more or less tools Imported
a decade. from the United States.
Southern Chile Is lust the reverse of the! At the same time the old methods mova
north. It Is a land of forests and almost! along side by side with the new. Much
as well timbered as was the eastern part of the grain Is still thrashed out by
of the United Sli.tes when our first set-1 mares on thrashing floors. In this nro.
" . a. LUUllll J ut TTCVUftll UlUllUIlB. ! - .
Nevertheless, at 7 o'clock In the evening ' tIer c,me' 11 BO much wood thatpcess the ground is pounded hard, and tha
it. .tr-. .j i.. ... . ! Chllo. notwithstanding the arid lands of Sheaves of wheat are cut onen nd anreari
... oi.-'-w. ""ciict. ill ""JIM IJ ' - .1 .. ' r I C.U iii - . . .
the north. Is said to have in proportion over it. Then a drove of mares Is driven 1 " " "itiwn agree io es-
to Its area more forests than any other, around and around to tread out the tabl!sn a certain number of families on
country of the world. I rode through grain. The winnowing Is done by throw- the lands aiotte1 to them and to see that
green fields with stumpa scattered ing the straw Into th air. and the bag- ! th0M fanilll, 'Y upon the lands for a
through them, all the way from Conccp- glng is by hand. Adjoining a farm where P. d '.'f 11 ve yeRra- Tnry cofact that
open till late In the evening. The place clon to Temuco. Further south men were I this may be seen, you may find an ' : y pay RCk the monev furnished
is lighted bv electricity, and crowds walk ! cutting farms out of the woods, and here American thresher, and the wheat tnav i l r " PaB8a8 nd for the supplies
tain carpenter's tools are furnished. The
amount of land so allotted to each family
is greatly In excess or thnt given by the
government, and when the country Is
mountainous tho number of acres may be
doubled. The land necessary to found a
village Is also supplied If there are me
chanics among the Immigrants.
the streets and promenade back and forth
In the plaza.
Use Bnrares on River,
and there the wheat was growing an.ong; be cut, thrashed and bagged In the fields. ? the colonists In six yearly Install
the burned timber, some of which was! Chile has no elevator system. After T " that, tne,r .undertakings shall
still standing. Here was a forest where1 thrashing all grain Is taken at once to ! Ca"ie? Ut,'.n ood falth Th ov"
Valdivia Is situated on the Valdlvla i the trees had been stripped to their bark 'the railroads and shipped. It Is put ud ; " "'"" even Detter arrange-
rlver. which , flows from the Andes down : close to the ground, and there waa one I In sacks of 200 pounds and loaded on flat ! VT u , native Chileans
to the Pacific. The town Is about twelve i made of the skeletons of trees killed In! cars. There are but few warehouses. At . hav m'Brated to Argentina and
that way. In th. latter Instance the some of the station, the grain In sack. ' "f .Zt n 2' f. TT
bark had dropped off and the trunks and; Is piled up In the open, being covered 1 L 1 .' . " V 1.n1
With Canvas ' " biiv ion buhii c-uiunit"
ciearYoflDii
otrimples
cuUanaSoaD
Exclusively
branches. were as white as so many bones
Limbtr of Poor Kind.
At nearly every railroad station .are
the Incompetent and o!f'sh gnnie Wing
played l-y our "A -'- t'nlvrrsity Tram."
I'mler tin guise of "Meiiirnl I'.diK atlon."
I am Tiell a arc of the fact that. In
ages part nnd gone, when mankind was
i less civilised, my altitude toward
' these "State Officials" would be re
garded as "h'gh treason." and that the
Individual alio dared criticise their con-
' duct would have been summarily dis
posed of. or made "food for jowder."
j lie that as It may, from my viewpoint,
a greater treason would he to complnts-
antly acqulesi-e In tho time of 'gullers
of the gullible" that 's being played at
tho expense of the State of Nebraska
by the maintenance nf an "Advertising
Machine," rim In competition to the
larger professional and social organi
sation for the rtnnnclil remuneration
of those who are "kind enough to give
their services to the Institution without
remuneration." As bearing upon this
subject. I again quote 1'iof. Meliker, of
the Rockefeller Institute for Medhal He-
search: "Accoidlng to my way of think
ing, 1 would say that In most Instances
they are unfit for the.j positions.
Whether two or threo hours (are given
by them), they are houri left over from
a very busy active occupation, and the
teaching is then dono In most roses by
a worn-out man bodily and mentally.
It will be generally admitted that for
nearly all teacher of clinical subjects
private practice, with Its oommnrcial
ond, la the chief aim and occupation,
while tho teaching part la at best only
a minor subject, and In not a few In
stances only an ornament and unmis
takably a very desirable advertisement.
I remember how years ago a noted sur
geon, who wss the professor of aurgery
at one of the best-known medical schools,
said to me: They pay me a thousand
dollars a year. The fools! X would
pay them 98,000 for the professorship
it'a worth more than 938,000 a year
to me. What a deplorable condition!
The teaching of tho pure medical
branches which, for the physician In the
making, la the most Important part of
his medical education, should be carried
on by worn-out men fot whom It Is In
variably only a secondary occupation
and often not much more than an orna
ment or an advertisement!"
Bo. Just now, litis sleeping octopus, the
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re
search, Is falling Into line with Idcan
that 1 have been emphasising In my ar
ticles published In Medical Journals, dur
In the last five years, as well aa In a
book now In Its third edition, tho first of
Which appeared In IW7. "Better late than
never."
It Is not enough to demand that the
entrance requirements by the students
be up to a certain standard. All right
eo far as It goen; but whst does tho
School owe the student In return?
"The Hopkins school fellows lines of
Its own, and with great success. When
that school was opened, about twenty-one
years ago. the entrance requirements
were made very high, -indeed higher than
at any place In the world, and at a time
when most colleges In this country had
very low requirements. The wisdom of
that venture la today self-evident. Johns
Hopkins Medical School is sending out
a high type of medical men into teach
ing departments, into research Institutes
and Into general practice. The vart of
the plan which does not permit tne pro
fessor of clinical subjects to practice
fon private gain does not deserve to be
designated as "grotesque," as has been
done in the report of the Council on
Medical Education. It probably originated
in the desire to put the teachers of clln
leal subjects on a university basis, and
thus maintain a university atmosphere
In the medical achool, an atmosphere
which is essential to the mode of life
of the scientific men of that school,
and which Is readily disturbed by the
moda of life of a head of a department
'who In a very limited amount or time
devoted to practice could obtain for
his service much more than the amount
of such a salary.' "
The State of Nebraska can well af
ford to pay for full time clinical teach
ing, and thus remove the Medical De
partment of the "State University" from
existing aa a parasite upon xne iumer
professional and social oiganlsallon. Tho
physicians of the entire state need the
Influence of University Clinical Profess
ors who would In their efforts to educate
not lose a penny by telling the trutn.
Irrespective of whether It biougnt a cent
into their pockets, since It would thus
conserve the welfaro ot those needing
their assistance. As the Schoct now
exists, the teaching of some of its
clinical branches is far short of the av
erage school of medicine. If tho reader
will consult the November 14 (1014) num
hr of The Journal of the American
Uledlcal Association, and read the first
artele, by William W. Graves, n. u.
with canvas.
lumber yards containing piles ot fence for Americans who wish to mm . . v., r.;, i r,. , . BfMU,n of the American .Meui. .i
posts, ties and building materials stacked j region to settle. It seems to me that thei vv kvrTV n mrre xrn-mtrn eT-re
up awaiting shipment to the north. The opportunities are poor, and they can aoraAllXjlU Uif UuUGSTEIlS
better at home. The government would
And Cuticura Ointment occasion
ally. Thejr succeed when others
fail. Nothing better at any price.
Samples Free by Mall
CuUeurm Buap sad OlDlmeiit suld throughout tb
Vorld. Mbmmk lampMol web miuad free, wltb M-t.
Hk. Adores "CliUourm," lit. iUM. fevouuo.
lumber is not good comparison with
ours. It Is full of knots and cracks. The
boards are narrow and they are nothing
like the fine wood which comes to Chile
j from California and Oregon and Washing
ton. The most of the trees here are ant
arc tlo beech and pine. There are also
hard woods. The forests are thin and
there Is much underbrush among the
trees. It is impossible to clear the land
aa we do, on account of the trouble in
getting rid of the stumps. Some of the
farmers are now Importing stump pullers
from the United States, and not a few are
usmg dynamite. Ringing and burning
the trees leaves a great deal of dead
timber, and the cultivation cannot be
well done until the dead trees are out
by the roots.
After the land is cleared it looks noth
ing like similar land in the United States.
The fences are of barbed wire, but there
are no large fields in clean cultivation
and fine bams and houses as In the
United States. The most of the build
ings are log cabins of one story, roofed
with strsw or slabs. They are put up
In a rude way, and but few of them have
gardens or flowers. There are some good
homes owned by the Germans, but the
native Chilenos live but Utile better than
savages. They seem to be camping out,
rather than settling down to build up a
country.
The most of tha new land is devoted
to wheat This is the chief cereal of
Chile, the country producing something
Ilka 0,000,00 bushels per year. Home cat
tle are raised, but here In the south the
animals are ragged and lean, and their
meat Is chiefly used for making charque.
or dried beef. In the central valley the
animals are much better, and here and
there you find Herefords and Durham.
Heavy Work by Osea.
The heavy work of the farms, both
north and south, is done by oxen, the
like colonists, and on the frontier free' "Johnny," said the minister, "can you
lands may be had to the extent ot 13 namo tha thre f1?"
acres for each head of a family, andi "Sure," replied the little fellow. "Break-seventy-four
acres for each son who is ta,t dinner anl "VPer."
of age. Contracts have been made with
foreign colonists by which their steam- Teacher-Put an adjective before the
ship passages from Europe to Chile were word "aDVB" ln the sentence.
advanced, and free railroad transports-j PuP-The sleepy abyss
tlon given to the place of settlement. In , Teacher-Stop! Why do you say
some cases the government has given "la,pyT"
each family a yoke of oxen, 150 boards! Pupll-Because an abyss always
for the building of a hut, and something, yawnlng-
like fifty pounds of rails for fastening
it.. v. . ..1 - I-.. i mw,. . Teacher Now you have in front ,f v.i
.. wmim .iivv fJ.BCv X III nam uetn On : - ...,H Hm
the condition that the colonUt establish, the ea"V on your rsht tks south and on placed his subject ln ''a""ony '
himself at once on the land given him. your tne nor,n- "at hav V01
Association, entitled ''BOM'S FACTORS
n.i.iMfi TOWARD ADKQUATB IN
STRUCTION IN NERVOUS AND MEN
TAL. DISEASES." he will see why I
am Justified, after fifteen years of pa
tient effort to awaken the Intelligent
portion of my sleeping colleagues to a
keener appreciation of a more enlightened
conception of their professional duty. In
showing no further tolerance toward
the culpable stupidity manifested by many
of them toward the most progressive,
efficacious, and all Inclusive brunch of
clinical medicine, so far us the welfare
of the Individual patient and the state
at large Is concerned.
In his address. Dr. Graves nl once
i hind you?
and that ha work it ateadllv tnr
six years. He contracts to pay back;.8ma11 ov-A patch on my pants. I
without Interest the amount of passage
money received, and also not to sell any
ot me iun ne geis irom tne state, nor
1 told mother you'd see It.
Lady (to boy at door) Tou are an
....V, ,ul , ...
to mortgage the property or dlnpose of V . .
It until after the six years have passed. I n bl"' tiv"- ln't you
Under such condition, a few ebonies; 'V "rnent?
have been established, but altogether the T i. . J" ,"ar Ll"
number of for.! ,ttW. I. .m.n .n that 1 found' but 1 changed It to two
of the thousands of families that have
come here, those who remain may beJ
numbered on your fingers and toes. I do
fives so you could pay me a reward.
not believe that there are any great op
portunities for Ncrth Americans without
capital In Chile. It might be different
with those who have money and buy the
lands sold by the government at auction.
At such sales one-third of the purchase
price has to be paid Immediately and the
rest in ten yearly Installments, the place
being mortgaged until all la paid. At the
auctions tha lands are sold in large
tracts, some containing over 1,200 acres.
The owner agrees to fence the land with
in three years after purchasing It. He Is
obliged to give, free of charge, any
ground needed for roads built by the gov
ernment, and he must give rights of way
"Who Is that lady dressed In black,
mother?" asked Robby. as he sat with his
mother on a ferry boat.
"That s a Sister of Charity, my boy,"
repueq nia moiner.
broad conception of Mot'ern Psychltary
and Neurology, so loiu advoe-aieu uy ...
In which he used the following remarks:
"When we consider tie Intimate and
reciprocal relations of the nervous sys
tem with other systems and organs oi
in highly specialised struc
tures and functions, and, moreover, the
conditions and diseases which affect It
boih primarily and secmuarUy. the Im
portance of adequate consideration of
the nervous system ln health and dls
ease In any scheme of medical education
become, obvious. PoUU';
falls .nor of tte obligation, to, and
osas. to become a part of, garal
medicine waa It. method, of tovestlga-
tioa cannot be understood and utilised
Bobby pondered deeply for a moment, i excoptlaf by the .peolaU.t hlm.elf,
and then he said, "Which Is she, mother
Faith or Hope?"
Poring the Sunday school exercises ths
teacher turned to Austin and said:
"Now let me hear If you can say the
golden text."
Mr. Ormond. who was seated near by,
heard the .question and listened atten
tively to his son's answer. Austin hesi
tated for a moment and then answered:
"Whatsoever a man sews always rips."
The more speciuuseu '"i
best meet their obligation to medicine
when they contribute their portion in
aiding the student to have a better ap-r-reclatlon
of the patier.t as a whole In
dividual. In this agi of stieclallain and
short cuts to diagnosis the wliule In
dividual Is often lost to view. Indeed,
hs is nowhere more completely buried
then In the clinical year of our medical
schools. During the fundamental years
he la a commanding fl?i:re; he awakens
weight of specialism, iranimed into
the tired tun In of tho -Undent body. Th
general advance In medical knowledge
should render tho appreciation of the
concept of the pntlent as a whole In
dividual more thoroiiK'it. more complete
than ever before That snca apprecia
tion la actually 1. mast be dne In part
to the dominance of susclallssd branch.
In teaching Aurlnr the clinical year.
Th concept of th whole Individual
ihonld dominate medical teaching not
cn'y la ths fundamental, bat also In th
clinical year. Th trn relation for th
whele should never b lost alght of for a
mo'rMt."
The ah.ne quoted remarks, being the
premises upon whlcli this physician's
address was based, clearly InillcHte the
correlation of scientific Psychotherapy
'vlth Modern Neuroloxv and Psychiatry.
It may be of Interest to the reader to
know that the writer of the above re
mark, In the rapacity of Chairman of
the Section of Nervous and Mental D's
eases of the Slxty-Kilth Annual Se-sslon
of The American Medical Association,
was one of the number of M. Ixuils phy
sicians who, seven years ago, R.ive me
(he following unsolicited letter:
"We take great plc-inure in expressing
our profound appreciation of the su
perior Intelligence and professional worth
of Dr. H. S. Munro's teaching in Psy-
cho-thcrapeutlos, and feel that no phy
sician who has bis own Interests or those
of his patients at heart can afford to
miss the benefit if hit Instruction."
It is further interesting to note that
The St. Louis University, of which this
Head of the American Association ot
Neurologists and Psychiatrists Is one of
Its faculty. Is only "A" In the Flexner
CarncKle classification, while our "A --"
of Nebraska no more 'compares to It aa a
whole, so far as the professional educa
tion that Is being furnished to Ps medi
cal students is concerned, than Mexico
would compare to the United States as
a Civil Government. In one tho motive
I. to prepare men for the most efficient
service; In the other It seems to be to
prepare them for belna off dent fleecers.
A greater species of Injustice was never
palmed off on a body of defenseless
men than tho Flcxner-Curnegle 'classi
fication" of medical ichools, as conditions
here In Nebraska will Illustrate.
For Instance, why should the path
ologist of the Unlvorrlty of Pennsyl
vania, who was fo-morly devoting his
attention to Neurology, give me this un
solicited expression, among other things
contained ln his letter: "I do not think
your claims are excessWo, as 1 can from
experience substantiate all that I have
heard you ssy aa to the efficacy .f the
measure as on adjunct In thereaputlcs."
while another "learned (?) university
professor of Nebraska," In reference to
lin paper presented by me at Lincoln
to the State Association, should he so
disturbed by It as to belch forth: "His
paper wa. the biggest plcc damn
rot I ever heard; such a paper -should
not be allowed on the floor of the state
society." He said this In" reference to
the same paper that cauned the unanl
mou. vote of the Stato Medical Asso
ciation requesting of the regents that
Psychotherapy be taunht ln the Medical
Department of the Nebraska State Uni
versity, and the paper, as It was pre
sented before the state association, now
stands as the first chapter of the third
edition of my monograph on Psycho
therapy, ot which the reviewer In
the bulletin of the John Hopkins uni
versity ended by the words: "g-ousd
common sense i. the keynote throughout
the entire book." How a man devot
ing his study to an Isolated subject Is
restricted In his contention of the com
posite individual In relation to hi. en
vironmentspecialism carried to the ex
treme! I have thousands of such commend
atory expressions from physicians of
high standing, to auy nothing of the
favoruble reviews of my monograph by
leading Medical Journals of the United
States. In view of thrsa considerations,
I mske no hesitancy In saying that the
Medical Department if the University
of Nebraska, aa It Is now organised, Is
a disgrace to elhloal n;edlclne, because
retaining on it. teaching staff, along
with competent physician., some whose
nraonnllttea are not In keeping with
what we would expect to- find In
a low grsde class "C" medical school,
to ssy nothing of an Institution deserv
ing to be rated "A - I-." such as the
Johns Hopkins, Harvar l Medical School,
the University of Michigan, and Wash
ington Universities, with which school.
It has equs.1 rating In the Flsxncr clas
sification, modified to suit mo ma
chine" gang in the American Medical
Association. Even If the school wa. run
In the Merest of the tnt're medical pro-
fcselon, and that ot the state or Ne
braska. Instead of being an advertising
machine for an organised team, such
fault. In It organisation are inexcusable.
The remedies applicable to the indi
vidual are of equal value as applied to
a diseased institution, or to other para
sitlo process. In a paper that I pre
sented by Invitation to the meeting of
the Alienists and Neurcloglst. of the
United State, for the discussion ot men
tal diseases ln their various phases,
under the auspices of the ChlcakO Medi
cal Society, July 13, MM, I used the fol
lowing remarks: "We are no longer
satisfied to treat merely symptoms, but
seek to find the pathogenic cause, be It
designated, mlcroblc, parasitic, social,
chemical, occupational or psychological,
since there Is no actl n without reaction,
and all manifestations of living jdienom
ena refer to one and the same reality,
L e., an organism In function. Viewing
man from the standpoint of evolution
ary monism, the treatment of mental
and physical , diseases cannot bo separated-
Mental disease, so-called, are
frequently merely the expression of some
pathological condition, such as ipeclflo
Infections, autointoxication, preveited
educational Influences, abnormal internal
glandular secretions, caidiac, vascular,
hepatic and renal insufficiency, and other
conditions associated with disordered
metabolism: and we are lecognlsing that
It Is nut diseases tht we are called upon
to treat, but disease, a diseased patient.
With modern methods i t diagnostic pre
ctslon, wo seek the caueo and remove it,
be It endogenous or exogenous, bac
teriological, dietetic, social, chemical, oc
cupational or psychological, whether
found In the habits of the Individual, or
In the experiences, dating back to In
heritance or to childhood and Infancy,
such as may be expressing themaelve.
In the habit, and conduct of tha Indi
vidual and In thl. manner are revealing
themselves a. the determinant, ot the
functional disturbance so often found
responsible for mental and phy.lcal deter
ioration, and are thu. conducing to the
development of gros. pathology. Only
with this view point held constantly be
fore us, can the problem ot cause, pre
vention and cure be made rational and
effective. ' These premises are as applU
rnbln to the Individual institution aa they
are to the single human organism.
The above quoted paragraph from my
Chicago address contains the very kernel
of the modern conception of medical c.
enco and art, and Intelligently compre
hended constitutes medical knowledge,
the applicability of which to the treat
ment of disease and for the restoration
of the health of the patient Is entirely
dependent upon the skill with which It I.
employed, so as to get satisfactory re
sults. As stated by mo In another med
ical paper: "What people need to enable
them to maintain health and efficiency
and to successfully react to the exciting;
causes of disease, Is knowtedse, education
and guidance, aa well as the administra
tion of chomo, vaccine nnd aero-therapy
when these adjuvants are Indicated. All
knowledge Is so related that to compre
hend one branch one must know some
thing ot all branches. Especially Is this
true of the fundamentals of medical sci
ence, psychology, sociology, philosophy,
physiology, anatomy, xooology, chemistry,
bacteriology, geology, physics, astronomy
and biology. In fact, all of these studies
sre Included In the last named term, thus
giving us a biological psychology. Where
one of these studies leaves off, tha other
begins, and In comprehending either of
these branches one has drifted Into the
others before he Is aware of It. These
are the biological sciences, and upon
one's knowledge of these fundamental
branches are his philosophic, scientific.
psychologic, or practical conceptions, of
life grounded. They are one and the
same thing, I. e , knowledge, the worth
of which In the successful practice of
medicine, together with nls technical
laboratory branches, must be determined
by Individual experience. It la veritably
the man behind the run that counts.
A. further supporting my contentions
for a broad conception of medical science,
or of scientific psychotherapy, or of mod
em psychiatry and neurology, or of
rational clinical medicine, which are
practically one and the same thing, and
of th neoesslty of th employment of
apeolal aol.ntifle teehale aa adapted to
th need of th diseased Individual,
Dr. E. E. Southard, of the Harvard Med
ical School, truly says: "One of the great
est difffcuIUe. In the American system
haa been that Neurology ha. been re
garded as somehow foreign to Internal
medicine. In Oermany and England tha -Neurologist
Is an internist, and If called
on to diagnose pain incidentally, he at
least knows whether It 1. a caae of rheu
matism or stomach trouble. American
Neurologists aro rsther proud' of their
Ignorance of Internal medicine. On the
other hand, the American Internists are
.often proud of their Ignorance of Nervous
and Mental diseases. I think Phychlatry
will Increase In Importance because it
will take many more decade, for Intern
ists to get tha social point of view. When
consideration of the Individual In hi. rela
tion . to society obtains, psychiatry will
disappear, because every body will be a
psychiatrist. (Jour. A. M. A. Nov. 14th.)
Thus we see the death knell of the ex
cessive specialisation of the present time,
where only symptom, or end result, are
treated, while the real problem of the
Individual I. being neglected. This is
only tolerated by an easily rnlllbl pub.
Ue beoaus thy do not know any better.
it should be our business to let the peo
ple know that we are capable of render
ing them a far greater and more efficient
service than that of treating merely
symptoms, or end results, or of stmply
treating tha patient In spots, such as
eyes, nose, esrs, throat, heart, liver,
stomach, blood vessels and other sepa
rate organs. Instead of detecting and re
moving tho cause, be It endogenous or
exogenous, bacteriological, occupational,
dietetic, social, chemical, physical or psy
chological, .uch may be responsible
for the symptoms, or of the local mani
festations of disease. .
It Is in such measures that the cancer,
"rheumatism," tuberculosis. Bright', dis
ease, a. well a. pellagra, inefficiency
and so-called insanity problem, and the
entire problem of the diseased Individual
under whatever designation, will look to
for efficient help from the medical pro
fession, as soon as the people become
aware of the Incomparable value) of such
professional service, and phyelolaua are
qualified to so assist them.
Such method, not only have the en
dorsement of the more Intelligent sclen
, llflo physician, and Institution, of the
entire world, but they give POSITIVE
RESULTS FOR MT PATIENTS. In com
parlson with which the various methods
most generally used, except br most of
those who treat children's dlsea.ee, are
a fraud and a farce, because they do net
conserve the welfare of tho.e seeking
aid.
With every patient with sufficient In
telligence to follow the regime outlined
for hi. or her restoration, save one case
of local abcess where, surgery wa. es
sential, a positive curative result has
been obtained by me. for more than five
years. In my practice In the city of
Omaha, while approximately 8,000 human
live, have been sacrificed on the altat
of Ignorance, the majority of which could
have been saved by the employment of
the more advanced method, of .dentin
medicine.
ln reference to the reaction of th nerv
ous Organlam to the stimuli of education,
or of environment, a well known physi
cian of Edinburgh truly remarks: "It wi
contrast an ordinary developing child
with one which Is backward, we will often
notice that It Is ln tnltatlve that the lat
ter Is primarily and fundamentally lack
ing, It Is not so much that he haa not a
brain aa that he objects to use It. Where
as the healthy child will constantly, ot
his own accord, seek out new problems,
and attempt zealously to master them,
the defective child can only be Induced
to do so by extremely tactful handling
and plodding perseverance on the part of
the parent or teacher; falling such intel
ligently directed environmental stimulus,
he may be allowed to remain all his lite
practically at the stage ot infancy, al
though in all likelihood possessed of the
capabilities of much further. If not com
plete development." I have found that,
during my work for the past fifteen
years, msny physicians were very much
like these defective children, but the
mors efficient among them are rapidly
falling Into line in all section, of tha
United States, and the present outlook for
a higher grade of professional service is
promising, if not positively encouraging.
At any rate, these University Professor,
comprise the raw material, which, under
the refining alembic of a well qualified
School Master, a. an environmental stim
ulus, should become useful member, ot a
civilised .octal organisation. Next week
I will mention many "leaders' who are
bringing their entire Institution, to con
form with "The New Era In Medicine.'
a. outlined by the writer. It la oaf to
predict that on own State University
will fall lato Una, la keeping- with the
demand, of th aoth century dviiuatloa.
KnHS Brondels Theater Sldg., Omaha. Neb,