Tim OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: AUGUST 30. 1914.
7--A
PARIS DEFENSES
ARE YERY STRONG
Half Million Hen Required to In
vest French Capital, So Formid
able Its Fortification!.
THREE HUGE CIRCLES STTRROUSD
Military Ezprrta ar it WoiM Be
Vastly Mora Dlfflealt te Cap
tare Place Now Than
la lflTO.
Omaha Woman Bribes Guards and Runs by
French Sentries to Get Free of War Zone
WASHINGTON. Auir. M.-The fortifica
tion of Pari and their ability to resist a
siege I receiving tha "loss attention of
military observers, now that Paris la the
announced objective point of the Ger
man forces, and ttie French ministry of
sr haa adopted urgent mean of
ktrenrthenlng- the city's defense to the
utmost.
While the city's detailed defense, are
surrounded with secrecy by French mili
tary authorities, yet their general char
acter and formidable strength are known
to military experts, who recognise them
as among the strongest fortifications of
, the world.
These fortifications consist of three dis
tinct circles sweeping around the city
first, the solid wall of masonry, eighteen
feet high, extending for twenty-two miles
around the old sections of Paris; second,
the system of seventeen detached forts
arranged at Intervals, two miles beyond
the wall, and making a circuit of the city
thirty-four miles long; and third, an outer
girdle of forts seventy-five miles long on
the height commanding the valley of the
Seine.
Each Circle Complete.
Each of these circles of masonry and
steel Is a complete defense In itself, the
torts being linked together with redoubts,
bastion and glacis, which permit a cross
fire against approach from any direction.
The magnitude of the system Is shown
by Its area which exceeds 400 square
miles.
The wall around Farls smd the seven
teen detached forts two miles beyond the
wall were built by Louis Philippe. They
sustained the German Siege of 1S70-71.
and the outer forts ' have since been
greatly strengthened. The third line of
forts on the hills of the St Oerm'alne,
Oomellles and Villlens, are of modern
construction with the latest types of
batteries and heavy guns.
The Inner wall about Paris surrounds
the best known and most Important sec
tions of the city Including the business
sections along the Grand boulevard, the
residence sections of the north and west
of the city and the Latin quarter and
other section on the left bank of tha
.Seine.
Circle of Pabarbs.
On the outside of the wall Is a circle
of suburbs extending for many miles. In
cluding NeuUly, Argenteull. Versailles,
Vlnrennes and many others. The forts
of the second and third llnea of defenses
are dotted among these suburbs protect
ing them and the'approaches to the capi
tal. The wall contain ninety-three bas
tions and sixty-seven gates. .. Some of
these have been abandoned owing to the
(pressure of modern construction and
trade. But recent advices received her
front Paris. state that all the gates still
existing are, now closed at' S p. rru, with
rigid regulation against movetnehta from
within or without.
The senohd line' of forts lnelndes the
famous fortress of Mont Valerian, whlch
was the center of attack In the German
siege of 170. It Is strengthened by, two
groups of works Hautes Bruyeres and
the Chatlllon fort and batteries. South
of the city la the row of forts at Ivry.
Bictre, Mont Rogue, Vanves and Iaay.
North and east of the city are three great
forts around St. Denis and two others at
Fort. Aubervlller and Fort Charenton.
commanding the approaches from the
great wood of Bondy.
Would Take Half Mtllloa.
The outer circle of forts, which are of
the most modern type, have from twenty-,
four to sixty heavy guns and 600 to 1.300
men each. In all the thro lines of de
fenses it require 170,000 men to operate
Ihem, not counting troops assembled
within the city. According to military
exports. It would require a. force of (00,000
men to invest these defenses.
General Von Moltke. field marshal of
the German forces at the time of the
aiege of Paris In 1870, states. In s report
on that siege that the French artillery
armament consisted of more than 2,027
pieces, Including 200 of the largest caliber
of naval ordnances. There were 600
rounds for each gun and a reserve of
fj.OOO.OCO kilograms of powder. Von Mottke
points out that the bombardment of a
fortified place In the heart of any enemy'
country is difficult If not Impossible un
til e invader is master of the railway
or waterway "by which siege artillery
can be brought up in full quantity.
He explains the failure to bombard
. Paris at the outset of the former siege
by saying it would have required 300
heavy guns with 600 rounds for each gun.
The movement forward of these .heavy
guns would have required 4,600 four
wheeled wagons and 10,000 horses, which
were not available.
At a later stage the Germans brought
up their big siege gun, attacking tha sn
clente and ports and dropping 800 to 400
fifteen centimetre ehells dally Into the
heart of the city. 'Notwithstanding the
fury of the German attack Part with
stood tha siege for 132 days. Since then
the entirely new and outer third line of
defense ha been erected and military
experts soy the fortifications a a whole
art, far more formidable than those which
resisted the former siege.
Mrs. Frank Crawford of this city re
lates thrilling experiences she had In
escaping from the war tone after the dec
laration of war. With Mis Alice l
How of Wposter, Mass., she had to run
the gauntlet of French sentries, bribe
guards and suffered untold miser lee. They
were the only Americana to hav escaped
from Lyons, Franc.
They went to Europe from New Tork
on the Olympic, sailing July It. It was
their Intention to stay part of the time In
France and the rest of the time In Eng
land and not to return until September.
"Within ten day after we arrived, or
on August 4, war was declared," said Mrs.
Crawford. "The order for the mobilisa
tion of the French army was given Au
gust 6, when w were In Avignon, France.
Rumor of war had been In the air for
days so we had changed our money or
ders nad travelers' checks to gold and
sliver. That alone saved u from staying
In Europe for many week.
"As soon a the order was issued we
determined to start for home, but w
found It a more difficult task than w had
Imagined.
tart fop Paris.
"August 5 we started from' Avignon for
Paris. The tain proceeded at a slow rat
and at every station soldiers and officers,
with weeping wives, sweethearts and chil
dren crowded the platform. The patriot
ism was Intense. Flag were flying every-
wnere ana the Marseillaise w-as sung fre
quently. We got to Lyons and then were
Politely but firmly informed that we
could proceed no further and that w
must stay In that city for twenty-one
days or until the mobilization of th
French troops had been completed.
"That was at i o'clock In the morning.
We were sent from the train, and were
obliged to carry our heavy luggage
through the streets to the Hotel Angle
terre. We lost all our trunks at the sta
tion. At the A'ngleterre there were few
rooms, but we succeeded In getting ac
commodations. Most star la Lyons.
"The next day we went to the station,
but were told, that we could contlnuo to
Pari only after the twenty-one days hod
elapsed. The station was completely sur
rounded by troops.
"We remembered that there Is a hotel
In Lyons, called the Terminus, which en
ters on the station at one pblnt. We went
there, escorted by a small boy with our
luggage, and after waiting until the
sentry was not looking, dashed across a
platform and Into a private compartment
of an express to Paris. We were forced
to give the guard a gold sovereign before
he would let us In.
Enter Troop Train.
"Then we found that we were in a troop
train. The compartment In which we
were was partly filled with French offi
cers, who showed ua every consideration.
"The train stopped at the Gare de Lyon,
and there were no taxleabs. -Finally we
found an old cochler with hi cab, and
he took us to th Hotel Bellevue, Avenue
of the Opera.
"In Paris we found .many friends, and
for a time our troubles were minor ones.
We went to th-American -consulate and
RUSSIANS' LOSSES
ARE NOTGIYEN OUT
Arrival of Wounded in Moscow and
St. Petersburg Indicate Heavy
Toll in the Fighting.
FEARFUL COST OF GALLANTRY
Withheld! of Mats of Dead Dome
with Prefoaad Kanwledae af the
I'syrholoay of Ike, Resslaa
Character.
shte In lat rial,; m.i:iths. They are at .11
ro'Clvli'S froli Thim: supplies.
The Nhan-Tunii tiHlns irt srrhltig nml
lepnrt!ns.
MAO ClltiW, riihm. Auk. Ifc-il-luol.
(-Herman rrpi rv Ixt.i from illetant
! arlH vf t'liivn ere r t ill entering Tslng
Tnu. Mnm o' thrm. kahkl clad, ar
slung tl" liver t-twcn Wei Ilsln, prov-ln.-
of lian-Tn:n. srvl Tslng-Tau. Th
flrt ( terms n ni: -vista or at a village
twelve nillrn fnm Tflim-Tsu. It Is ther
! that the l.rliine ha ln-en broken.
got passports, and to th chief of police
to get-permis de soujourn, which were
necessary to escape arrest .
"Fear of a siege in Paris drove us
every day to the American Express office,
and we stood in line for hours trying to
get steamship accommodations. After
days of waiting we got second-class
tickets on the steamship Chicago of th
French line, sailing from Havre.
Charters am A eta.
"Then the main difficulty was to get to
Havre. We heard only cattle trains were
running, so we chartered an auto from
the Packard company at a cost of $160,
and made a wild cross-country flight to
the port At every town snd city, and
often between, we were halted by French
soldiers who, after looking at our pass
ports, allowed us to pass on.
"It took us seven hours to get to Havre.
Then we were told that In all probability
neither the Chicago nor the France would
sail for some weeks, as It was feared that
German cruisers were patrollng the
water off the coast.
"Admiral Dame of th English navy
was at th port disembarking 150,000 Eng
lish soldiers and we met his aide-decamp,
Captain Chester Peele. who proved
to be an English friend. He got ua first
class accommodations on the France,
which were much better than the second
cabins we had on the Chicago.
Escorted by Cralsers.
"In a few day we' learned that we
were to -proceed under-esoort of several
British cruiser. W left Havre without
regret', and made an eventless trip across
the Atlantic. ,yii Ul.on the bost warn
Mr. Annie Wilson Howe, a sister of
President Wilson. During the trip K.OnO
was raised among the passengers for the
American Red Cross society. It was the
largest sum ever raised for such a pur
pose on sn ocean steamship. There was
no attempt made to disguise the ship, as
It was felt that the convoy waa sufficient
protection.
"We left many friends In Purls. They
were much worried over their predica
ment. Only our courage, money and
knowledge, of the. French language en
abled us to get out of the country. If It
hadn't been for those things we would be
ther yet. I believe."
Mr. Crawford, who Is now In Omaha,
said that he was at no time worried about
Mr. Crawford; that he received two ca
bles from her that she was safe and had
gold, and he knew she was fully cnpaMo
of taking care of herself. He added that
If he had been with his wife and In com
mand they would probably have been the
last one out of France.
"I am mighty sorry, he said, that I was
not there to see at first hand these great
movements, which we have all known
were bound to take place. I certainly
would not have rushed for home, but
would have gone to Madrid or some neu
tral place and learned something any
way." said Mr. Crawford.
Mrs. Crawford left In Pari Miss Nancy
Battln of Omaha and Miss Helen Epler,
professor In Vassar college, with whom
Mrs. Crawford had several times lived
abroad. They may hare to stand a lge.
A fellow passenger on the Franc wero
Mr. and Mrs. Alex Flck of Omsha,
(Copyright. 1914. y Press Publishing Cu.l
PT. PF.TKKSHriin. Aug. ?!. ( peolsl
Cablegram to the New York World and
Omaha Bee.l-Posslbly I may liavo con
veyed th Idea In mv previous dlsmtehet
that the Russians had a fairly eitsy task
In et Trussla. as well as against the
Austrian. This la far from being the
case, but the absence of details of the
fighting makes It difficult to realise ex
actly what has hapened. j
"o far as the Russian public V.nows
from official sources the losses have been
entirely on the side of the enemy, but th
arrivals of wounded at hospitals In Mos
cow and ft. Petersburg indicate defl
Mtely that every step of the advance In
east Prussia was won by hard fighting.
I'p to the last few days, when Russian
strategy demoralised the German armies
and their retirement became a rout, there
was no dsta to assist In forming any es
timate of the Russlsn losses, dead or
wounded.
The gallant charge of the liore guards
and their capture of many batteries of
Ucriusn field artillery was effected at
fearful cost and many of the highest
families here ore proudly mourning their
dead.
The charges recsir Balaclava and tha
charge of the Unlit nrlgade. Th wis
dom of abstaining from any of tha ac
counts of the losses Is based upon a
sound knowledge of Russian psychology,
tha Russians being mora than most na
tions Inclined to slacken their efforts
when matters are going well. They fail
s often as not. from not following up
an advantage gained. At the moment
any signs begin to show In Russia of this
characteristic. It will be time to launch
upon the nation the fearfuk account of
casualties, which will move another tidal
wave of warlike energy.
Through Russia one fact Is patent.
Russia's losses have been solely in the
direction which she Is richest of men.
Neither guns, munition. nor supplies have
anywhere been lost. Every barrack yard
is filling again with a constant flow of
new life of a quality as rich as ess be
found nowhere today but in an agricul
ture, country like Russia.
Special Offer for Tills Week
il ft ri"3 fT Buy four Choice of Fifteen
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T"
STATE DEPENDS ON BABIES
Wife of Iowa Gorernor Sayi More
Heed Should Be Paid Them.
WOMEN'S BUILDING DEDICATED
New Elgbty-Thoasand-Dollar Strac
tare at Dm Moines Fair Ground
Opened to Pablle for the
First Tlnse.
and also that th added eharge for snl
mals of high value with a declared higher
value shall not be a much as at present
The limit In the ordinary stock shipping
contract Is: For horse 1100, steer $60, cow
H0. calf, 110, hog $10, hep t3. These
limits wer placed In ths contract fifty
year or more ago and have been con
tinued despite th very great variation In
value of the animals shipped and are de
clsred now to bear no relation to the
actual value.
Th most desirable furnished rooms are
advertised in The Bee. Get a nice cool
room for the summer.
Guns of Tsing-Tau
Open on Scouting
Cruisers of Japan
TSINO TAl', China. Aug. 2.-Two small
Japanese cruisers yesterday drew the 'first
shots from the Tslng Tau fortifications.
Hcveral shots dropped around one ef the
cruisers whereupon the vessel- fired on
shot In reply and withdrew. ' It is re
ported that on German shell found Its
mark.
The Japanese vessiels appeared evidently
with the purpose of reconnolterlng. They
were within seven mllea and plainly visi
ble. Be vera I shots from the fort dropped
around thn leading cruiser, raising col
umns of water, whereupon th vessel
veered east and departed at full speed,
after having fired on shot
It Is estimated that th forts will I
Belgian Soldiers
Tell of Fall of Namur
FOLKESTONE, Aug. 29. (Via London.
i:K a. m.) A number of Belgian wounded
from Namur hav arrived here, but It is
difficult to get any connected account of
the fight there. They say th Germans
bombarded continually from Friday till
Sunday and they believe It was th
superiority, in long range, of the German
guns which gave them the victory.
On Saturday a German shell exploded
in Marchouvejett fort and put the larg
rst gun and on six-Inch gun out of ac
tion. Two hundred Belgian soldiers, whit
trying to escape, were practically an
nihilated by German shrapnel and ma
chine guns.
On Sunday ammunition ran short In
some of the fort and more was sent for,
but the town fell at midday Hunday be-
lor It arrived. The Belgian soldiers made
a splendid retirement, which was covered
by the French troops.
Tke Best I'ala Killer.
Bucklen's Arnica Salve when applied to
a cut. bruise, burn, scald, etc. Removes
the pain. Get a box- Sc. All drusrtt.
a a verlUcment
(From a Staff Correspondent.)
DBS MOINS, la., Aug. 29. (Special
Telegram.) Formal opening and dedica
tion of th new (30,000 building for women
and children was a feature of the first
day of the state fair. The wife of Gov
ernor Clark presided and opened th
ceremonies.
"When Iowa pay a much attention to
th proper raising of babies as It does
to raising corn." she said, "we will hav
the greatest state in the union." Ther
was an extended program after' which
th specialists commenced scoring th 300
babies entered In th baby health contest.
Tail as; Phone Lines.
Th tts executive council Is prepsr
Ing to go Into court to compel th county
officials of Benton county to tax tha
farmers telephone line in that county.
Under the state law all the telephone
lines In th state, no matter what kind
of llnea they are, roust be reported to
the state and the state council fixes a
valuation on them. This Is oertlfled back
to th counties with an order that tn
assessment be placed against the lines
and tha value be distributed according
to th location of th wirea It ha been
found that for year Benton county has
neglected to do this. Ths county boara
merely decided that th farmers line
ars a part or tne larms ana marasa
them all exempt from taxation. Now
the state will ask the court to order th
spreading of the vaJ on the books
for five years back an-1 collection of tli
taxes In accordance with law. So far as
known this la the only county that has
permitted the line to escape taxation.
Uader Ceart Sarvey.
The city ordinances of Fort Madison
relating to the conduct of the stat
prison will be passed on by Judge Hamil
ton of th Lc county court very soon.
Attorneys argued to Judge Hamilton at
length th validity of th ordinance,
which forbid permitting any convict from
the stat prison being found on the city
streets and are Intended to prevent the
warden letting convict work In th city.
The tat took th position that these
ordinances are against publlo policy and
relate to a matter wholly within tne
province of the legislature, that of the
regulation of the prison and handling of
the convicts. The ordinances are due to
pressure from th union labor ergenlsa
tlons desiring to prevent any competition
In cheap labor in the city. But the
warden continues to make use of 160 t
K convicts outside prison walls, practi
cally all the time.
Lire Stoek Catrats.
Judge Henderson, commerce counsel,
forwarded today to the Interstate Com
merce commission th brief and argu
ment In the case brought by western stock
shippers to compel a material change In
the form of th stock shipping contracts.
The demand la that the value limitation
be entirely removed from these contracts
so that In case of loss the company will
b responsible for the actual loss and not
an arbitrary smaller sum; or In case this
Is not don that the limitation . be raised,
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