i THE BEE; OMAHA, TUESDAY, JULY 23, 1014. 7
i (Qlb-e Jgg:& Home fuAwe: J-
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1
The Very Latest Word in Hats!
They Are Extremely Simpic, All of Them, but with an Air of Parisian Smartness
Science for "Workers
By Edgar Lucien Larkin, Director of
Lowe Observatory ::::::
Ti
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By EDGAR LUCIEN LA It KIN.
Question Have the distances of any
other stars from the earth been meas
ured besides the one that requires light
four years to reach usT Carlos O. Adae, 1
Union Square,. New York.
Answer Yes, quite, a number approxi
mately. Here Is 11 table Riving the dls-
tances of a number of the brlshter stars
In light years:
Distances In
N'nmcs of knurs Unlit Ywir.
Alpha Centuuri 4.
Shins ft,?o
l'rocton 10.10
Altalr 13.70
Fomalhaut a. TO
Vega 34.70
Arcturus 43, co
Aldebaran 41.70
Capella to.OK
Pollux 00CO
ltCKUlUS 91)00
Hctelsueso 109.00
Antnres 112.00
Canopus m.M
Klgel fcVS.UO
Dcnebola KW.00
Splcft
The term light year la the, distance
traversed by light In fre space during
ono sidereal year. Tho number of sec
onds In a sldoral or star year Is Hl.&Mt.Hs',
and the set spoclflo speed of light Is
1S0.3S0 miles per second. Qo multiply these,
number together and tho product will bo
miles Per vear.
Theso dlBttuirea above 10) light years
arn llabln to error of at least 10 per
centum. Select fifty skilled mechanics
from as manv workshops; let them meas
ure tho diameter of n spider's thread and
their mistakes will be at least 10 per
centum. And this degreo of accurney Is
that required by astronomers In measur
ing the distances of stars of from 100 to
500 light years. That Is, their base line
tho distance of the earth from the sun
03,000,009 miles, as seen by an observer
stationed at those stars, appears to be
equal to the diameter of a spider's thread,
fiber of sills, thinnest platinum wire or
(very fine hair. Estimates of the bright
ness have been made thuai Of Canopus,
10.CHO; 1'rocyon. 4,000! Splca. S.0C0;. Betel
gtltse, 1.400; Hlgel. 230; FomalhaUt, twen-ty-flvo
times that of our sun. Thus our
sun Is one of the smaller and less bril
liant stars.
There arc hundreds of millions of suns
In tho Milky Way; some may be and
doubtless are larger than Canopus. And
their light may require 1.000, B.OW, 10,000
or oven up to 50,000 years to speed over
their mighty distances. This cannot be
proved, however, because no magnifying
power that can bo mado by man could
hope to seo the radius of tho earth's
orbit, or a lino 93,000.000 miles long, from
the Milky Way.
Question Aro distant stars which shine
by their own light visible only, or are
worlds like our earth visible by reflected
tight? Same.
Answer do out to Neptune, our own
last local world, in our modest solar ays
tern; turn around, look back this way;
then you must have n large telescope to
seo the earth. Only the sun of alt bodies
In our solar system Is visible from space
deeps. And It looks like tho point of the
finest sewing needle from stellar dis
tances. Thus only suns at terrific heat
are visible In any telescope, even the
inrcrest that can bo made. Then all worlda
I aro Invisible and unknown. The earth
and man are both totally unknown to
people on worlds revolving around any
of the hundreds of millions of other suns.
If there are surh worlda and Inhabitants.
Imagine that the are 1,000,000,000 suns,
each surrounded by eight worlds like
those revolving now around our sun.
Then, If an accident suddenly annihilated
the s.ooo.000.000 worlds, people and all. the
accident could not even be noticed; the
suns would ull movo on with such velo
cities in between four an detghty miles
per second, precisely as If thero had been
no accident. Thus, If there are Intelli
gences In tho depths of tho sidereal uni
verse, thoy have not heard of roan, nor
his Infinitesimal world the earth.
Question Can the diamond be destroyed
by intenso heat? A Bronx Subscriber, 419
Knot One Hundred and Thirty-seventh
street, New York, July 8, 1814.
Answer Yes. Any substance known
can be vaporised In the fierce heat ot
tho clectrto furnace. The word "de
stroyed" should not have been used; dia
mond Is chemically pure, carbon; that Is,
lampblack. And tho same quantity still
exists after the diamond has vanished.
Man Is now able to destroy the form of
all matter known to chemists;, that is.
matter disappears as matter, only to re
solve bock Into Its primordial electrons.
These are pure electricity and nothing;
olse exists. These man cannot create nor
destroy. AH that any human can create
Is n thought that had not been created
before. Hut thla Is a theory, for all
thoughts may be eternal. But here one
must atop, tor our minds cannot think of
the meaning of the word eternal.
Quettlon-What la ltght?-C.
Thoenlx, Arlx.
Answer I do not know, My theory a
that It Is a rush of electrons.
fx in tho cloud. If two or three such parti- nectcd outside the cell, or Jar, contain- Y"J MM ft . ( I ti lllm ''''J? I V
1 . ffg$? r .Mt. 1 ; Mir H, a. tfj w
R. U,
This hat is of ribbed gray and white satin,
Lightning Generation and Its Scientific Duplicate
By GARRETT P. SERVISS.
"May I request answers to the follow
ing questions, or theories, aa near as
possible?
"If lightning is aupposed to be caused
by friction of air
with magnetism oC
earth, also the
dynamo supposed to
be friction ot air
In Its cutting ot
lines ot force lie.
tv e e n magnetic
poles, whr.t action
takes place In our
chemical stationary
wet and dry bat
teries that causes
a. current of elec
tricity to act with
out friction of air?
Alta, III. "B. O. P."
Lightning Is due to the violent dis
charge of olectrlcity. accumulated at a
hlsh potential on the surface of clouds.
This atmospheric electricity Is believed
.to be generated partly by the evapora
tion of water whose rising vapor forms
tho clouds, and partly by the friction of
the vapor-laden air against the ground,
trees, hills, buildings and other objects
with which the wind brings It In con
tact. '"Its accumulation Into giant charges
capable of producing lightning flashes
U a very interesting process. Each of
the multitude of vapor particles which
Eather to make a cloud possesses Its
share of electricity, which collects as a
slight charge on the surface of the parti
cle. As the cloud thickens the particles
ot charged vapor begin to coalesce into
larger drops. Just then a great geometrlo
principle, with, which everybody ought
to be familiar, comes Into play.
If two globular bodies combine to form
a single globe, the surface ot this one
Are Wrinkles Oaused
By Modern Social Life?
Otten the papers and magazines have
made the rather broad statement that
n-odern social life Is the only cause for
wrinkles. Undoubtedly modern social lite
contributes some to the existence ot
wrinkles, but one can hardly say It Is
the cause. However, the wrinkles do
come and old age has never made for
attractiveness, so we use the best means
to resist the tell-tale marks. A search
for the very best In wrinkle eradlcatorB
has brought us to this formula tor an
economical vegetable Jelly cream as the
simplest wrinkle remover and skin stimu
lator. Its mask-like action protects the
surface while It stimulates the blood ves
sels to perform their upbuilding work.
Just get from your druggist an ounce of
almotlon, put it Into a fruit Jar and add
half a pint of water, Before retiring ap
ply rather thickly over wrinkled or flabby
surface and allow It to dry. It will hard
en .rapidly and you will note a alight
tightening ot the skin. In the morning
remove with hot water and note the Im
mediate erfeet which you will find lasting.
- Advertisement.
will be smaller In urea than the com
bined surfaces of the original two, not
withstanding the fact that It contains the
same amount of matter. This is so be
cause tho volumes, or total contents,
ot bodies vary as the cubes of their
diameters, while their surfaces vary only
as the squares.
This principle applies to the particles,
of vapor combining to form little drops
In tho cloud. It two or three such parti
cles unite into a single drop each ot them
will contribute its charge of electricity
to the drop, but the surface to bo covered
I by the unltod charges will bo smaller
than when the particles were separate.
In consequence, the density of the eleo
trio charge on the combined drop will bo
greater than It was on each of tho consti
tuent particles. In other words, the elec
tric potential will be higher because the
eame amount ot electricity la now ac
cumulated on a smaller area.
But when the potential of an electric
charge Is raised it strains, so to speak,
to break away from the surface on which
it Is confined, and the higher the potential
tho greater the strain.
The first drops grow rapidly larger by
attracting others, and every new influx
of particles brings an Inceaslng quantity
of electricity together on a continually
diminishing amount ot surface. This
process alone might produce an electric,
potential sufficiently Intense to cause a
discharge of lightning from a cloud ot
high potential to another having a lower
potential. But in preparing the great
phenomena of thunderstorms nature calls
un additional process Into play.
As a charged cloud Is driven along by
the wind It acts by Induction upon the
surface ot the earth beneath, and the
latter becomes negatively electrified while"
the cloud carries a positive charge. Then
tho electrified earth reacts inductively
upon the cloud, and so again increases
its potential. In this way the accumula
tion of electric energy on a thundercloud
may become 10 enormous that It bursts
across miles of Intervening air and falls
In a thunderbolt upon a tree, a rock, a,
house, or some other exposed and
prominent object on the earth.
In a dynamo the electricity Is generated
by the movement ot an electro-magnet
' across the lines ot force In a magnetic
J field. Millions of such lines curve,
invisible, through the space enveloping
j the poles of every magnet, and when cut
by an electro-magnet moving bodily
I among them, they generate a series, ot
1 currents In the colls ot the electro
! magnet These currents flow alternately
In opposite directions, but by certain
( devices can be combined Into a current
passing away from the dynamo In one
I direction, The real source of the electrl
! cal power ot a dynamo is the mechanical
j power employed to keep the electro
magnet moving In the magnetlo field.
The mechanical energy Is changed
Into electrical energy by the Inductive
effects of the magnetic field. Thus
magnetism can generate electricity and
e-Vctrielty can generate magnetism.
Such are the facte; exactly why they
are so no man can yet say.
The current of electricity that flows
from a wet. or "dry," battery owes Its
origin to a still different cause. It is
generated by chemical action. It Is
based upon the fact that when two dif
ferent metals, or In some cases other
solids, are placed in contact one ot them
becomes positively and the other
negatively electrified. Why? If you can
give tho sure and certain answer you will
be numbered with great discoverers ot
nature's secrets. In a battery the two
different metals, or "electrodes." are
immersed In an acidulated liquid, which
facilitates the operation, and are con
nected outside the cell, or Jar, contain
ing tho liquid by means ot wires, through
which the electricity generated by the
chemical action in the cell flows, Its
direction Inside the cell being from the
positive toward tho negative electrode.
The nature of the metals used determines
which will act as positive and which as
negative pole In the battery. The negative
pole, or electrode, for which zlno Is
generally used, wastes away, and this
Isregarded as the source of energy that
keeps the "current flowing. As Prof.
Sylvanus Thompson puts It:
"The zlno Is the fuel, the acid Is the
ailment, while the copper (the positive
pole) Is merely a metallic hand let down
Into the cell to pick up the current."
The electricity generated in all these
different ways la essentially the tamo
thing, and that thing Is both Infinitely
useful and Infinitely Incomprehensible to
man. But, fortunately, he can easily
understand many ot Its moods, and it j
submits to his management, it ns is not
too Impertinent, like a good natured
horse.
A model of nnvy blue Biitln, trimmed with n ffray color pompon.
Beware of Dollar Madness
Household Hints
Prevent a steamed pudding from be
coming heavy by putting a cloth over the
steamer beforo placing the lid on. This
prevents the moisture from settling and 1 stances. The prtaou-
making tne pudding heavy.
By ADA PATTERSON.
The dispatches havo told us that a
prisoner newly Incarcerated In a famous
prison burst Into tears when he heard a
passing procession of college boys sins
In fresh young
voices "Bright Hun
shine ot Other
Days."
lie had boon sen
tenced to a short
term tor fraud, Tho
Justice beforo whom
he was tried luadg
the term a short ono
because In Mm opin
ion thero were miti
gating c 1 r 0 u m
Vegetable and fruit stains on the fin
gers can be removed by dipping the fin
gers in very strong tea for a few minutes
and then washing them in clear, warm
water.
.Dissolve a lump ot soda In a little hot
water and add It to the blue water. This
prevents the blue from settling in tho
clothes, and makes them beautifully
white.
If you boll hooks and eyes in strong
soda water before sewing them on gar
ments it will prevent their Iron-mouldln
in the wash.
A tiny pinch of carbonate of soda or
salt added to milk as soon as It arrives
will help to preserve it from turning
sour.
A teaspoonful of lemon Juloe In a small
cup of black coffee Is a safe remedy for
bilious headache.
To remove rings from a finger swollen
by their flghtneis, dip the finger In Ice
cold soapsuds.
Vinegar heated to the boiling jiolnt
will soften dry and hard paint brushes.
To drive away crickets put ordinary
snuff into the chinks of a fireplace.
To prevent milk from turning tour, drop
Into It a piece ot loaf sugar.
er was suffering
from dollar madnoes
and In his delirium
ignorantly, perhaps,
he had transgressed
the law. Ills name was a celebrated one.
Until now Its splendor had not been
dimmed. Its brilliance would not have
faded had not the world malady which
reaches Its acutest form in this country,
solred him.
I knew him In tho latter days of his
pre-dlsgrace period. Ho was grave of
voice and gentle of manner, a bit dis
posed to brooding and the brooding It
could be Interred from his mood, was
not on pleasant things. A veil of sullen
ness often enwrapt him. His thought life,
the most Important part of the life of
any of us, was one of continual protest.
He complained that his profession was
not a lucrative one. Once to prove his
bitter contention he offered to give a
dinner to every member of It In the
United States who earned more than
85,000 a year. He was In the first stage of
dollar madness, a profound dissatisfac
tion with his earnings.
One day I received a golden worded
essay with his name attached. It came
by mall, and I at first thought It a con
tribution to my shelf of friends' books.
Htudy of It revealed the writer's litnpUl
style and richness of imagery, but when
I had reached the last page it was evi
dent that It hadn't gotten anywhere. No
where but to promise another Installment.
Ti:o other installment promised early
wealth If I would embark In tho enterprise
endorsed by tho shining name. Fortu
nately I didn't embark. I understand
that repentant thousands did.
Doubtless at the time he wrote that al
luring pamphlet the writer believed In Its
promises. The power of calm Judgmont
having deserted him, he dreamed that
thero was a pot of gold at tho foot of
the commercial rainbow. With passing
months doubt must havo unfoldod. But
he fought It down with this hope of gold.
Weary of the details and routine of his
' profession, he foresaw easo and leisure
and freedom from what had been termed
"the great misgiving" which torments
' many men, tho fear that they will be In
adequate to the tark of providing all tho
necessaries and comforts and a few lux
uries for their families. The dollar mad
ness grew In him.
While the fever was at Its height he
did mad things. The uheen of the metal
blinded him to the Imago of truth. It
obscured Justice. It eclipsed his once high
conception of the rights and possession
of others. Then came a cold-eyed and
Icy-voiced surgeon, skilled In mental and
moral disease, wearing the livery of a
district attorney, who diagnosed and
placed him In prison to recover.
I.lfe that Is not a madness, an obses
sion, Is a mosaic made up of many parts.
There's a bit of the blue of true love,
there's the white of an unstained Ideal,
the rose color of a favorite pastime. With
a dollar domlnator, who was not yet dol
lar mad, the favorite pastime was a Iovh
of arts which has enriched the world. In
tho normal life there is present the gray
of duty, the sparse crimson of an occas
ional vivifying Joy, and a bit of gold, the
bit of gold Is relatively a small part. If
the mosaic were all gold It would not be
a work of art, but a cubist painter's por
tiayal'of dollar madness.
Tnl7elu lint of boigo color, trimmed with plaited ribbon of tho um color.
( Ami Ho it In.
A minister who guarded his morning
study hour very carefully told the new
maid that In no circumstances were call
ers to he admitted except, of course, he
added. In case of life and death.
Half an hour later the maid knocked
at his door.
"A gentleman to see you, sir."
"Why, I thought I to,-, v" "
"Yes, I told him." she replied: "but he
says it's a question of life and death."
fio he went downstairs and found an
Insurance agent.
Advice to Lovelorn
By BEATRICE XXUIT&X :
Man Whit THkri thn Ctrl' Money
Dear Miss Fairfax: I am 21 years of
ago and huve been keeping company with
u young man two years by senior for one
year. I havo found out during the time
I have gone with him that he has a habit
of telling untruths. Ho Is unemployed at
prokent and has no trade, but says that
with the aid of a tow hundred dollars he
could make a success. Ha has asked me
to lend him this amount. Would you ad
vlso me to lend this hard earned money
or give him up, oh we are not engaged. 1
do not think him capable of earning a
good living before three or four years.
Would you advise me to wait?
U. B. B. C
The man who takes a girl's money l
generally a poor, weak creature who Is
not worthy of love or admiration. Before
lending your flanco your little hoard, con
sult your father or some male relative
whose Judgment Is sound. A man of 2)
years ought to bo able to make his way
without the financial aid of a woman.
I feel euro this Is not the man. Do not
try to win him; keep your self-respect
and let him make the advances. No girl
can never afford to surrender when she Is
In tho right and you are so far. And
put all thoughts of lave and marriage out
of your head for the next eight years.
Planning for the
Stork's Arrival
BSBbSllBFikBK KLSBfBBBBBBBsV
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Wfnr Illnek.
Dear Miss Fairfax: Plenn tll m if it
Is wrong for mo to wear a white waist I
and u black skirt when I nm In mourn-1
ng lor my :amer7 ur U It Is wrong for
me to go to tho moving pictures.
A READER,
Black Is the universal mourning cos
tume and should not be broken until the
mourning period la nearly at an end. It
is not out of place to quietly attend
places of amusement after a decent
length of time has elapsed since the death
of a near relative, father or mother. The
point Is one to be decided by yourself.
Let Him Alone,
Dear Miss Fairfax: I am 15 years old
Mid deeply in love with an 18-year-old
hoy whom I would like very much to go
with. Ho took me home from a party one
night and when I refused to kiss him
good night he became offended. Since
then he has not spoken to me. What
shall I do to gain his friendship, aa l
value It very much? LONESOME.
You did right to refuse to kits him.
Save your kisses for the man who Is
some duy going to be your husband, and
Among those things which all women
should know of, and many of them do.
Is a splendid external application sold
in most drug stores under the name of
"Mother's Friend," It Is a penetrating
liquid and many and many a mother tells
how it so wonderfully aided thsm through
the period of expeotanoy. Its chief pur
pose Is to render the tendons, ligaments
uu muButs mo puam 1 run nature s ex
pansion may be accomplished without the
intense strain so often characterlstlo of
the period of expectancy.
"Mother's Friend" may therefore be
considered as indirectly having a splendid
Influence upon the early disposition, of
the future generation.
Whatever Induces to the ea3e and! com
fort ot the mother should leave Us lmprtka
upon tbe nervous system ot the baby,
At any rate It Is reasonable to believe
that since "Mother's Friend" has been a
companion to motherhood for more than
halt a century It must be a remedy that
women have learned the great value of.
Ask at any drug store for "Mother's
Prlepd," a penetrating, external liquid
of great help and value. And write to
Bradfleld Regulator Co., 403 Lamar Bldr.,
Atlanta. Oa.. for their book oX Useful
and timely Information.
THE OMAHA BEE-
THE HOME PAPEEj,
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