The Omaha
f'0,ir wfHH (W l I J 5 6 7 9 li U L 111 N 16 UT 10 19 20 31 nZZ 23
The Australian Bushman Is an Example of the De
grading Possibilities of Breeding From, a Fixed
Type.
ACCORDING to Dr. C'B. Daven
port, the great American nu-
thorlty on ougenics, It Is quite
possible to breed types of people whe
villi bo fitted by birth for sonu
special lino of work. Indeed, this ha
already been done in the caBe o
many families, although rather as i
result of accident and circumstances
tan from any deliberate ougonlc In
tention. Our 'best actors, for Instance; aro
ths result of marriages between
members of tho samo profession
which have been coins on for a hun
dred years or more. It is evident
that actors who spend much timo
travelling must marry persons of tho
same calling in order to enjoy
any continuity of domestic compan
ionship. In tho earliest days of the
Atnorlcan stago this tendency was
very marked. Tho Booths, the Drews,
thes.-Keans and other-nrcry" "welK
known stage families aro examples
of this tendency. w ,
'Sit&j Ethel Barrymore,- one of the
most popular of American actresses,
is a striking illustration of tho pos
sibility of creating atVpe ofrhumiui.'
being of special aptitudes. Her
mother was a Drew, an actress bo
longing to a family that had been on
the stago of four generations. Her "
father was the well-known actor,
Maurice Barrymoro. Both Miss Bar
rymdre'a brothers aro succesjfukac
tors It)l3 dahj'that the memherB of
th(sf5j$Uyne?jBr showed the d?iage
fright "or norvouo'noss that Invariably'
attacks, people .from, ordinary-', life
when' they 'first appear' on the stago.
This creation of a special actor
typVwaa only one of many interest
ing facts brought out by Dr. Daven
port's ' recent address before tho
Anthropological Society of "Washing
ton on "Man from tho Standpoint of
Modern G.enetlcs." Dr. Davenport Is
th'c director of tho Carnegie Labora
tory at Cold Spring Harbor, Long
Island, which has been established
to ijtudy problems in human evolu
tion. "
The family or strain marked by
some-special character or aptitude
is termed by Dr, Davenport "a blo
type." 'The- case of the actors shows
that' blotypes of special Value to
humanity can be created, and there
are 'many other instances to prove
this. Dr. Davenport demonstrates in
& most interesting manner how the
remarkable yacht-building ability of
a well-known American family has
been handed down from generation to
generation, until to-day a girl of
fourteen In the family shows boat
building ability of a marked order.
These people, in fact, are now born
boat-builders.
Along with this boat-bulldlne abil
ity has gone a nervous instability
and tendency to certain physical de
fects. The appenrnheo of these de
fect; though unfortunate. J addi
tional proof that the ability that ac
companies them is hereditary.
The world is full of blotypes, and
tho United States owes a great deal
to them. The leading Colonial fam
ilies of Virginia showed a marked
aptitude for statesmanship, which
they perpetuated by favorable Inter
marriages. The class thus formed
waj of great value in forming tho
new government of tho United
States. '
Aninterestlng transmission of a
family characteristic is shown in
Mrs. David Dows, formerly Miss
Gwendolyn Burden, a, noted beauty
of New York. society. She has-avery
striking aguillna, patrician' nose,
that has been handed down for six
generations from her ancestress,
Evelyn Byrd, a noted belle of- Colo
nial Virginia.
Hiram Percy Maxim, tho Inventor
of the "Maxim silencer" that makes
a rlflesbpt Inaudible, Is a son of
Hlrfttn. S, Maxim, who invented the
Maxim rapid-firing gun. Hudson
Maxim, who Invented a smokeless
powder and other devices along the
Miss Ethel
Barrymore,
Who Was
Born an
Actress,
Having
Inherited the
Faculty from ,
Four Genera
tions of Actors.
She is a Result
of Similar
Factors of
Heredity,
Working in
a Different
Direction to
Those That
Produced
Hairy Ainus
and Australian
Bushmen.
samo line, is a brother of the elder
Hiram Maxim.
Here we see strong evidence that
a peculiar kind of mechanical ability
Is hereditary in this family. If the
daughter of Edison had been mar
ried to tho heir of the Maxim family
we might have had a new strain of
transcendent mechanical, electrical
and lnventivo ability.
From what Dr. Davenport has ob
served in the case of these families,
and from his jaboratory experiments,
it now appears certain that we can
breed races of men of special abll
ltlcs. We could, for Instance, breed
families who would make Ideal Presi
dents, others who would produce per
fect singers, others who would make
invincible generals, -and so forth.
Unfortunately, modern civilization
la developing a number of blotypes
which are the reverse of desirable.
For Instance, there are the feeblo
mtndod people. The Public Health
Service states that there are now In
this country about 150,000 foeble
minded persons. It is a mischief
that is causing much alarm Defec
tive mentality Is one of. the most
heritable of traits, and the feeble
minded liuvo' a tendency to inter
marry, for tho simple reason that
they are not wanted as mates by
normal individuals.
There is no Intslnnee on retard
where a child born to two feeble
minded parents has been otherwise
than feeble-minded, Given a few
such marriages, and tho result Is a
feeble-minded "blotypo."
Such unfortunates have a tendency
to flock together. In the woodlands
of New Jersey there is a whole pop
ulation of them, numbering several
hundreds. They are '-called "Pine
Rats,", and jnost pf them are like
little children mentally.
Similar is the deof-muto "blotype."
which is being created in a deliberate
and systematic way. - Deaf-mute chil
dren attend schools tht are exclu
sively for deaf-mutes; they'aro segre
gated in Institutions of their own; in
later life they have their own social
Sunday Bee Magazine Pag
reedin&Jast
organizations; and it follows nat
urally that as a rule they marry one
another. In the last ten years thore
were nearly 1,500 such marriages.
The offspring are in moat cases born
totally deaf.
.Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, the
Inventor of tho telephone (whose
own wife is a deaf-mute), says that
before very long there will be a
recognized deaf-mute race in the
United States. His opinion is that
eventually to protect socioty at
largo against this dreadfid affliction
laws will have to bo passed forbid
ding marriages botwoon deaf and
hearing persons.
The same sort of think hiinnnntt in
institution! established for the care
of paupors, alcoholics, "dope fiends'"
ana sunerers irom nervous com
plaints. So-called "horedltary" diseases,
says Dr. Davenport, are not trans
mitted direct from parent to off
spring. What Is handed down is a
constitutional Inability to resist at
tack by tho malady, whatever It may
bo In other words, a "low rolattvo
Immunity," as the doctors call It. It
there are repeated intermatlngs of
persons thus afflicted, the result Is a
"blotype,"
Tendency to pauperism is a dis
ease; It Is propagated In some. -families,
as recognizably as is a tendenoy
to tuberculoma in others, appearing
in generation after generation. Tho
pauper "blotype" has become widely
established in the United States.
Among the most curious of in.
herited physical defects Is color
blindness. It Is far more common
CopyrWht, 1014. by
the Rfeht People
The Hairy Ainus of Japan Are
marriage of Similar Types in
Jha.n Is 'generally Imagined. Out of
every 100 men in the United States
two cannot distinguish red from
green 1 No wonder, then, that the
railroads nowadays refuse to hlro an
engineer or -signalman without a pre
liminary examination in color vision.
But the oddest feature of color
blindness Is that women aro almost
never afflicted with it. Not more
than one woman in 100,000 Is color
blind.
'Nevertheless, tho daughter of a
color-blind man may transmit the
defect to her male child. Herself re
ceiving it as an inheritance from hor
rather, she carries it hidden, but does
not dovelop It.
This Is one of tho curiosities of
heredity. Two blaok-halred par
ents (as often observed among tho
Irish) may have one or more rod
headed children, It is because, eays
Dr. Davenport, one or both of them
carries hlddon an inheritance of red
the Star Company. Great Britain nights neserved.
1 w"
Dr. C. B. Davenport's Dia
gram Showing How Boat Build
ing Has Become Hereditary in
a Well-Known American Fam
ily. In the First Bow No. 1
Was n Boat Builder; In the
Second Bow No. 5 Was n
Yacht Builder, No. 6 Was In
sane, and No. 8 Eccentric; In
the Third Bow Nos. 8. 11 and
12 Were Yacht Builders, Nob.
10 and 17 Musicians; in tho
Fourth Row No. 1 Is a Musi
clan. No. 2 Has Mechanical
Skill, Nos. 5, 11, 12, 13. 14 and
15 Are Yacht Builders, and In
the Fifth Bow No. 3, a Girl,
Began Designing Boats at the
Age of Fourteen. Tho Square
Signs Represent Men and the
Round Ones Women. Whero
tho Sign Only Is .Used tho Per
son Shows No Special Aptitude.
hair derived from some member of
AnWIInt rrnn ArftttalV
UU 0vw.
On the other hand, If two red
headed peoplo marry, all of their
children will Inevitably have rod
hair. There are no exceptions to tmw
ruk,
"- . . . . . n
If rinrtt-ll&irea .DUrBUU mmwoo
light-haired person, ti
usually dark. This is we tuc
dark complexion (wWch can film
ply more Pigment In ,Dafnn0af
eyes), Is what exports or
research call ft dominant tralU
A dominant trait Is a charactorls-
tic that has a mantou ww w
persist through, inheritance. The
famous "Hopsburg lip" b such a
trait; tho "Stuart oyolld" was an
other. Red hair In the woll-known
Blddlo family, or Philadelphia, at
fordo a familiar example. ' It is not
to bo supposed that the Blddle men
have picked out red-headod womon
to marry, but no matter who their
wives wero, they have passed on
On tho other hand, says Dr. Daven-
a Curious Result of the Inter
a Small Community.
their red hair to their offspring gen
eratlon after generation.
When brown oyeq marry blue oyos,
expect brown eyes in tho children.
Marry dark brown hair to blond
hair nnd the hair of the children will
almost Burely be dark brown. In
othor words, dark hair and eyes
win, when opposed through mating
to light hair and eyes. And this is
exactly the reason why the blond
type within the last generation -has
almost disappeared from tho Eustcrn
United States.
If you would find blonds In thU
country in any numbers, you muBt
go to those parts of the West whero
tho lightihalred Germans and Scan
dinavians have settled. But It is an
absolute certainty that, as these peo
ple mix ?n marriage with dark
haired Americans, their complexion
will rapidly alter; for nearly all of
the children will have dark hair and
eyes.
1"!
vacation.
Dr. C. B. Davenport, the Distin
guished Biologist, Shows How Chil
dren Can Be Born Boat-Builders,
Electricians, Actors, or with Spe
cial Aptitude for Any Calling.
Mrs. Luigi Masnndo, Formerly Miss Sarah Lathron Hcrrcshoff
Who Exhibited the HerrcshofT Family Boat Building Ability
as a Child, nnd Who, If She Had Married the Ship-Building;
Son of Another Ship Builder, Would. Without Doubt, Have
Given Birth to Children All of Whom Would Have Been
Borri Ship Builders.
port, Whcn two blond persons nro
mated all their children must lmvts
light iialr and bluo' oyos.
A curiosity of heredity Is the afflic
tion of tho "bleeders." Even a
small cut is a serious matter to a
porion who suitors from this strango
uumuu 1
, ..Li. rni... ,.,,. ...i. .i .. . .i
to stanch itself, as happens with
d, folk and , Bt (lo
Qr . menns lfl o
stop the hemorrhage, tho victim is
bJeed
yVonm nover suffer from this
affl,ctIon Tnoro la no aucn thlng
as a woman "uioeuer." uut (as in
tho caso of color blindness) a
woman may Inherit tho trouble from
The Conventional Serving
of a Dinner
By Mrs. Frank Learned,
Author of "Tho Etiquette of New-York To-day."
T
WB art of refined living Is
studied very carefully in these
days. In every household tho
importnnco of havlilg a well-served
tnble Is of recognized value every day
us well oh for the more jwrfect exer
cise of hospitality. When hospitality
assumes a moro or letis ceremonious
character it is necessary to have ex
perienced sorvlco and a skilled cook,
but It is nlways well to understand
tho principles of service, the rules for
which do not differ mnterlnlly,
whether for a family dinner or when
guests arc present.
For a more or less formal or special
occasion there mny bo ennnpen of cav
iar to begin tho dinner. For an In
formal dinner eouie persons prefer to
begin with grape fruit daintily cut.
up, sweetened nnd chilled, and Ferved
In glBKRcs. Either cavlnro or grape
fruit mny bo served, but not both.
Othor coursoH arc soup; Ilsh, nn en
tree, n Toast with two vegetables,
snlad and dewert.
Assuming tluit tho table hus been
correctly arranged, there Is at each
place n pinto and on it a plainly
folded nnpkln hnvjng within it n roll.
Each person removes the nupkiu and
roll when taking a scat.
At small dinners, whore soup Is the
flrfrt course, nn empty dinner plate is
alwuj-H at each place and the soup
pinto Is put down on It. Tho rulo Is
understood in serving that uo person
tdiould bo left without n plate except
at tho time of the clearing of the
table before dessert, and that a fresh
plato Is nlwuyH slipped In place as
tho pinto which lins been used Is with
drawn. When this rule is followed
systematically every day It Himpllfles
matters very much, ns well ns having
Its valuo In keeping the hurmouy und
nice nppoarance of the table.
The soup la served from tho pantry
nnd brought in ono plate nt a time
nnd put beforo ench poriHMi. About
half n ladleful of soup for each per
wn Is correct to serve. Thero urc
good reasonh for this.
When tho xoup plates aro romoved
the under plates are left. Celery,
olives, salted nuts may then bo
passed. These aro convenient between
courses when delays occur.
The service for the llsh course or
for the entreo demands that a- warm
jtlulo bo placed at each place. Tho
plate which lias been used for celery
or olives la taken away.
El
for Any
hor father, heraolf carry It hidden,
and boquoath it to hor son.
Dr. Davenport calls -attontlori to
the fact that in somo of the mora
remote parts of tho world varieties
of mankind have been developed
sufficiently distinct to be termod'
"biotypos." Ono of thoso is that of
the Alnuthe aborigines of - Japan,
now found only on Yeio, the north
ernmost llslnnd of that archlpelagOb
Tho adutB of this race, including
tho women, aro almost entlroly cov
ered with thick, long hair. Other
such "biotypos" aro tho giant Pata
gonlans, tho Vcddahs of Ceylon, tho
aboriginal blacks of Australia and
tho Eskimo of the Arctic.
The roast follows tbo entree and
Js carved In the kitchen or pautrj'.
Tho portions ore arranged neatly' on
tho platter. A large stiver fork and
ppoon should bo on tho platter nnd
tho portions m well urranged that
each person can tako a pleco easily
when the plntter Is passed by the ser
vitnt. Not moro than two vegetables ore
offered with a roast. Potatoes in
some easily nerved fnvulrin and a
grwn vegetable are Hufflclonr.
Vegetables are In large dishes of
silver or chlnn. Onodlh is passed
nt n time. Each person helps hlm
felf from tho dish, taking the veg
etables on tho pinto with the meat.
It Is not good form to have llttlo sep
arate dishes for vegetables beside
one's plnte.
Servants should pass dishes to tho
left of ench person, holding tho dish
low down and on tho palm of the
hand, having a folded nupkiu between
tho hand and the dish nnd taking
care to offer the dish conveniently
near, so that a person is not In dan
ger of dropping something on the
tablecloth between the chasm of plat
ter and plate.
In passing dishes the servants
Bhould begin by Forvlng the Indy nt
the right of the host ind then thn
lady ut the loft of tho host, going nn
then in tho regular order in which
persons are seated. Tho host is last
to bo served.
When two or moro servants are
serving a dinner one 1ft expected to
lend In the service and the other or
others to assist.
With the sulad couro cheese, and
heated crackers may bo offered.
The table is cleared before dessert
of all extra silver. Crumbs are re
moved by brushing them with a
folded napkin Into a fresh plate. Des
sert plntes and necessary dessert sil
ver are then placed.
When the dessert course Is finished
tlngur bowls ou mnll plutes are
brought, having a dolly tinder each
linger bowl. The dessert plates ore
withdrawn us these aro placed, The
finger bowls and dollies tiro removed
by ench person and the plates are
used for fruit und bonbons which are
passed.
The old custom of having many
wines at dinner is out of fashion and
favor. One Is sufficient
