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The Diagram Shows How, According to Professor Turner's Theory, the Meteor Swarm of the Leonids Strikes the Meteoric Rings of the Planet
Saturn. Portions of the Rings Are Torn Away by the Contact and Plunge into the Sun, Causing the Sun Spots. These Sun Spots Set up a Vast
Magnetic Disturbance, Which Is Communicatee to Earth and Causes Great Variations of Temperature and Storms on Our Planet.
Professor Turner's Interesting Theory of Whirling Masses
of Meteorites That Make Sun Spots and So Fill the Uni
verse with Storm
Producing Electricity
AN entirely new theory has
been put forward reg&rtilng
sunspots. This theory U
that they are fracments of the
rings of Saturn driven Into the sun
by the meteors called Leonids.
Sunspota are of vital Importance
to our existence on earth. Thoy
reach a period of maximum erowth
once In every eleven years. This
period Is always accompanied by
Croat ctorma on earth and other
disturbances of the weather.
Sunnpota aro dark patches on the
surface of the sun of Irregular form,
but having a tendency to be round.
They vary crpatly In eizo, but are
frequently from 60,000 to 100,000
miles In diameter.
They present an extraordinary
appearance to the astronomer vjew
lac them through ttfa. telescope.
Concerning the nature of the dark
central part of the spot, only
Kuestes can bo made, but the edget'
present the laoat fantastic appear
ance conceivable. Sometimes they
are walls of flame hundreds of miles
long reaching out from, the surface of
the sun.
As & general rule, periods of max!
mum sunspot development are
marked by cold weather, while those
of renewed development are re
markablo for olectrla storms. We
are sow in a period of developing
un spot, nd this would acoouut for
the mild weather we have had, for
the -past several Winters. By the
same rule we should have many
electric storms during the coming
year.
All atreors, from Kepler to
tit ' pre t day have free entirely
at & regard.; the exact mature.
C the- sttsejtts. , , 1L
Sow .have . ee lectured them to
fai hMs-l-'41iSlB,s ewrfae Mi
tor ceexel44s from the, lav
tcrlor, while others have argued
that they word places where the
nun's fires were falling. The latter
hypothesis would explain why we ex
perience cold weather on earth at
the time of maximum sunspots.
This uncertainty regarding sun
spots lends great Interest to the new
theory of their nature. It Is put
forward by Protossor Turner, of the
Royal Society of England, who fur
nishes abundant astronomical anil
mathematical arguments In support
of It.
Professor Turner suggests that a
small portion of -the groat meteoric
swarm known as tho Leonids has
become detached from the main
shower, owing to gravitational action .
of Saturn on some favorable occa
sion. This subsidiary swarm travels
In an orbit which brings It period
ically into violent collision with Sa
turn. At such recurrent events, the
.particles collide with the particles
Constituting Saturn's Rings (which
are in thomsolves nothing moro
than a great meteorlo swarm). In
one part of tho Rings, the fragments
move with equal and oppostto ve
locities, and collisions would impart
rsst In both opponents, and hence
forth they must inevitably fall Into
the sun.
These fragments from Saturn's
Rings appear to plunge headlong
into tho solar furnaco at the rato of
400 miles a second, giving rise to
the well-known phenomona of sun
BpoU. Chinese find other words
during tho last 2,000 years substan
tiate this theory that, following a
collision' botween Saturn end the
meteoric swarm, there is manifested
an epoch of large and numerous
sunspots. Professor Turner adds
that, although the hypothesis Is sup
ported by, past and present records,
(to "oenslaer It, as Anally established
would le premature!
Under'tn!a theory three et the
most marvellous phenomena In the
whole universe are brought into re
lation with one another. They are
tho sunspot, tho swarm of shooting
stars, called Leonids, and the ring
and moons of Saturn.
The Leonids aro a mass of me
tnnrltos with an orbit reaching 600,
000,000 miles into space, that ap
proach the solar system, our earth,
Saturn and the other planets, once
in thirty-three years. It Is then
that the collision with Saturn's ring
must take place.
Saturn in surrounded by enormous
flat, luminous rings, which form one
of the greatest wonders of . the heav
ens. Tho rings are about 178,000
miles la diameter, and the average
wtlmnto of their thlclmcsi Is 75
mites.
An artist has depicted the amaz
ing sight which Saturn would pre
sent when eqn from ono of Its ten
moons, Japetus. This moon la about
the slzo of our earth's moon, but It
has tho remarkable distinction of
having an atmosphere. Tho vari
ation of light and tho formctlon of
clouds have been observed on Ja
petus. Proctor and other astrono
mers have argued that it is prob
ably the abode of living creatures.
What must be the consternation
of these creatures when they see
the rings of tho parent planet Saturn
suddenly checked by collision with
tho flight of the Leonids and then
torn away to form colossal spots on
the sun!
It is possible that the Inhabitants
of Japetus are water creatures bet
ter able to endure terrific disturb
ances in llielr atmosphere than air
dwellers can be.
Jn any case, It is certain that tho
eyes at the. Inhabitants both of Sa
turn and Japetus must witness ce
lestial spectacles infinitely more
nubllme and appalling than any. that
coma within our intimate vision. a
'earth.
10. , b
'If, .,
,mmtsmmmx. i worn.
-4m simi JF-'-J&w
.Bl en . m i , - n-sKRoe t
7
Que ef the Vast Spots with Whirling Vortex, 5p,000
IKsiai? 1T cr ' ..' 'tf-, wr -?r gans.
MmS''' '' T"- jm
. : mm
nmm
?u, QBSmEjzm
Miles Wide, Now Appearing on the Sun.
How Saturn and Itp Rings Appear from One of Its Ten Moons
Japeius, Which Ma Contain Iife.
Memoirs of Mendel Beili
W nmh&ged to pull hltn nround, but lila
wlfo and- two children, who for tbrea
days lay hidden In a cold, dark cellar, nil
took pneumonia, and were 111 lone Hftor
ward. We escaped llRhtly.
When this was over they loft u alone
1.11T III,
Full of vodka and with their patulous
excited to the utmoit they did not know
what they wero dolnp, nnd they seemed
jnorp like wild nnlmals. Then nil the
winnows oi a nouaa were maneu. iney tav a Ume. Itowevor. It became harder
would break onen the doorf. ruin IriMlKe tuan ever tol'o In Kiev. Police demajid
a net of manlaca, steal all they could lncreaeea. Tho ordinary neonln lmem
crrr and br.uk tha rl. Thev Woul.l I." V.-" " ."ZI ""'".
hurl pianos to the street from the nith 0f a burden; Thoy did not do u bodily' m Cheierlok waa the lender,
and lKth etory windows and yell with lmrm. but In the streets members of tho' . Wtts ta,te t this newn. It wu
delight when they heard them mashed "Black Hundred' often epat upon un and ,he rlrst tlmo ,nat 't really came homo
to atoms belpw, not caring It anyono cursed us, and we wero only We from t0 mc thftt Jfw" wro b-'ln accuied ot
"Vou know, aiettdel, I am ' certain, In
Pits tot the fnet that Vera Is tolling
everybody that Jows . killed tho boy Yu.
sohlnsky. he was actually killed In her
house. I know ,thnt Just before his death
YUchtnsky quarreled with tho Cheberlak
children, who were his playmates, and
during the row he threatened to tell the
pollen about tho Rang ot thlovcs of which
v luuiii ui ixubiciii rei becuuun vv rices
Hi Own Jtnrv for Thp Rpp Rrlrc
They eavo me permission. "While put- to flow. I went nearly mad In my des
tlng on my clothes I noticed that all the pcratlon.
money I had was 75 kopecs. Soon after the chief of police came
"Do you Want to clvo the money to ofraln to my cell. I became more terrified
were killed
Their chief Joy was when ,tHey found
drink In a house. They would then
drink themselven to a ttate of mad
ferocity and then the real orey would
commence. Th? most horrible tortured
wculd bt Inflicted oh any Jew they
fpund.
When they had killed enough men to
satisfy themselves they would begin on
the women. Any woman so. Unfortunate
as to tall Into their hands would be
nrvtatly outraged. Often 'before they
left her they would cut off her breasts
and othorwlte mutilate her and then
shriek with dellsht.
TJttle (rtrls were outraged in dQeuf,
many iwforo the eyes of their parents,
death ottn coming as a swift releaso
from their tortures. They drove nails
tr.to the women' nostrils. They eUd
little, children out of their mothers arm
and tore them Into pieces.
Every act of this kind was accom
panied by cries such M Hurrah'. Down
with Jews! StudenU! Liberals," inter
spersed With cries like thoie of wild
animals,
. Theee orgies ut ataujtUter and outrage
ccntlnued for three or four days- roller
In the streets made no attemrt to in
terfere with the mbbs or stop their work
in any way. They would stand and
watch them enter a Jeweler' shop, steal
al' they wanted and throw the rest Into
the streets, and made not the least at
tempt to protect Wm. They would only
see it there waa anythlnc; left tor them
selves and laugh when they saw the
man, half killed it jiot dad already,
thrown out Into the street
Only on the fourth day, when even this
int was satisfied with, blood and
slaughter; when their human saerlfloe
wero complete; when dosen of women
Insult indoors.
murder. Looklnjr bock now, It la td
I had eettled down to do the best r 19 rcca11 thM m' Wend. Zachnrchcnko,
.... .... 1 . ... whn Kjn ttin mm.1ah. - . a
could for my children, as I expected to
end my days In Kiev. One of my wife's
sisters had sone to. America, but r had
no money to do so, and It seemed to mo
that I must Just ro working always, and
hoped that those comlrtir after me would
have rv better tln;o than I had. I- dd
who Became so ardent a Hunoorter at
mine, that It (tot on Ills brnln, and ho
died before my trial. My his death I
lost one of my best wltncrrcrf. 11c died
with tho wonls on his Hps: ' "Poor
Tuschlhsky! Unfortunato Mendel!"
I heard nohtinir more for gevera' weeks
nothing that could bring mo Into conflict and then I noticed that a number of
with the police, and I wanted nothlnir spies members of the secret nollce-dis-
moro than to he left atone and be allowed su'.sed as tramps, were beginning to pay
to live -quietly. visits to my house and to question mj
RIVETING SHACKLES ON BEILI8 IN PRISON.
SSBBflBSKSSBKSsfl&S$
your wife?" I was asked,
She had no money that I knew. I
glanced at her. Sho was still lying on
tho floor In a faint. I went up to her
and put the- coin In her hand.
than ever.
"You pee. TJellls," ho said, "how your
little "boy lies.' Vera Cheberlak's son says
that your children nnd he Were playing
with Yuschlnsky In the brick works, and
They would not let me kiss' her or the ?rUr1,boy "?y" hta not f?. " ,a
children, or bid them farewell. I was !!ar- That ,s why we haVe' nrrcattd
him.'
I could not reply to this He. My only
answer was tears for my poor llttjo son.
I Was threatened again, and then left
araxgeu into tno street, aim under a
guard, of soldiers with drawn swords, wo
went on foot to the police station.
when I hod gone my rooms wero ninn.
starched, hut the only thing tho police- Lnter dlnner wa broUBht fo my cel,
found wero Jewish bpqks. my passport. but I could not touch it. I only Implored
and my soldier s certificate. , the woman who brought It to do a favor
My head was full of sorrowful thoughts t0 a Por downtrodden father Rnd glva
as I walked to the station, and I was the f0d to "V bl'' aml teU him his
nearly heartbroken, I could not walk atber had sent It to him.
very rapidly. A knock on my back from "fiat 11 youMelf," was her reply. 'Don't
one of the soldiers brought me back to wt"'r-'' Tne by has had something to
the terrible reality of my portion. In at " he "1U3t httv Uo'n touched by my
a rough voice I was ordered to walk Jn r,d!' fop ,hc added, "Although I am a
the'road, and not on the pavement. Christian, I swear I pltj- you. I am sorry
On the wax j mtt a christian who was to f 0Ur ?or ,ltUa, boyS ,t
employed at the brok works. Uo began nDur,"ff t,ha or",ne Ibhaf ,0UnTai,nJn,
to cry when he ,aw what had happened VtXSTi iSSk'i
take It and went away crying.
'Don't lose courage, Mendel," I remem- Nest morning, looking through the bars
br him saying, "wo know you aro Innq- of niy cell window, I saw poor little David
cent, and will pray to Ocd for yon." walking, handcuffed, up and down the
It was qulto two hours before we court yard of the statjon, and with p
reached tho polico station. X was at onco Ucemen- on either side of him, carrying:
put into a dark cell without even a seat ''rawn swords. I began to cry and pull
In It. I touched one of the walls; It waa th !? ,n mY
cold and damp. A shiver ran through As 't Is always taken for granted that
me. I could not eieep, and spent tho thft nrlMner wants to confess, the chief
night pacing up and down my cell. I of police himself, accompanied by pollce
thall never forget those hour. . At last rnm' came to my cn io hear what i had
the morning came, nnd I was summoned to w' a,,d tako 11 down on Paper,
to tho offloe df tha chief of rjollpo. h But 1 had no confession to make.
polte to me very kindly, gave me a oup imploro you, 1 beg you, pity my
a very gentle voice said pooT umoriunaic enuo, - i cnea to inero.
"Itcmemberf if he dies in this prison
then his blood is upon your head. Do
what you like to me, but I pray you to
set him free."
Tho chief of police was very'.dtsap-
In
ipe what you
BEILIS IN HIS UNDERGROUND DUNGEON WAITING TRIAL.
of tea, and
to me.
"Come. Mepdel. tell
know about this affair.
Of course, I did not touch the tea. 1
,iri,1 MHrVlv until tho flnn hnm.
-m "... ir. ti-j --j '
with my tear. At last I pulled myself J" ""- lJH" "v". tv"
Then, like a bombshell, came the ter- children. "When they did pot get an
rlble tragedy of my life. I, of all per- swers they wanted they boxed the boys'
sons in the world, was arrested for tho ears until they shrieked with pain, at
Jiad been outraged and thousands more murder of the boy Yuschlnsky. the same time shouting at them. "You
left homeless and penniless; when many I heard nothing of the murder until sev- He"
children had been left orphans, and when eral days after it had happened. I had Soon after this friends came to me and
scarcely a Jewish family had -not lost been very busy In the brick work and told mo that Vera Cheberlak was gome keep Christian holidays."
one or more members, and when the I don't think 1 had set foot outside. Then around the town telling; everyone that They went away after
street were actually running in woou- one day I heard one o; the workmen
only then did the word go forth and aaytng that this boy had been murdered,
the police take steps to interfero una and the body found In the cellar of a
slop the masacres. housa about u mile away from where t
And oh! Those awfut daya afterward, was living.
The days when we collected and burled. After the burial of the. boy. persons
eur dead. The days when nothlutf but present at the graveyard oame back to harm. 1 Just went on with my work as other troubles scorned nothing at alt.
tvteeUg and lamentations were heard, I the brick works and said that proelama usual. Then one day, the local prose- This l the story:
efeall pever bo able to forget thenu liven lions had been distributed by the woman, eutlng attorney, with five policemen, On that Thursday I had come home
thot'ox Jew. I cannot afford to bo or
thodox. I have children and a wife to
keep, and am only a very poor work
man. At the brick works where I am
employed nearly all the men are Chris
tians, and because of. this I can only
thoroughly
I murdered the boy. I did not know searching my house,
what to do. I was so .much In fear of I have endured many sorrows and
the police that I waa afraid to go to anxieties and have met with nothing but
thtm and ask them to stop her saying bad luck during my life. But never did
this. misfortune fall so heavy uron me as an
Suddenly I hcStrd a loud knocking ut
the door. I was afraid and tyt)nblln
My wife and children were even more
frightened and began to cry. Never n
the twelve years we had lived in t'Jo
house had we been aroused at night in
together and answered;
"I, do not know why I have been ar-rwe,dv"
It was then I learned, for tho first
nay two years' Imprisonment and my own Vera Cheberlak, who statrd that Jews PMld me a visit. The proseoutlng attoo from work after flninshlng counting the
terrible sufferinc and torture did not had murdered the boy for hi blood to be nejr, looking at the door, said to me: brisks and sending them away. Hungry,
awakea la me the feelings of these times.
But yet I m one of the fw who e e
eaped. I aften wonder what fan be the
feelings In the heart of other Jews, those
who lost father, mother, wife and elilld.
Is " case only my brother was hurt
this way before.
For the sake of the children I pulled wjll bo sorry."
myself together and tried to quiet ttwm. -your Kxcellcney," I replied. "I am ip
Then I ran and opened the door. your handtt x ,hB,j not ,. You can do
Trembling. I looked up and saw eight hat you want" with me. You can hang
men, policemen and gendarmes, in unl- rne. kill me, send me to Siberia, but I will
form, with long swords and revolvers. not tell a lie. I cannot tell you anything
Uut I was not Nafrald. X .".ad done no July Jl, Ml. By the side of this my Before I could utter a word they seized about this murder. I know nothing Of It
-I swear ill"
Dlsapoplnted In his attempt to obtain a
confession from me, he went out, a!im
mlng the door and swearing hard. I was
led back to my cell and, to my horror. I
beard the voice of my poor sop David.
I could hear lilm weeping bitterly and
They would not shouting at the top of his voice, ""tt roe
go home: let me go to my father I"
"Won't you allow me to dressT" I I kicked at the door. I banged my head
asked. against tha walls until the blood began
fesslon. But he turned a deaf ear to
my entreaties and went away laughing.
About an hour and a half later I was
overjoyed to hear that David had been
.i tt . ; "V-r" etn. Perhaps the prayers of a father
time, ihat 1 was suspected of murdering ,y,J .h- h.nrt nt ih- ,hi.e r
thg boy Vuachlnsky. and I called on Qod aml cau,ed hlm to chae
to witness my innocence. mind
;.th,U f-t,?0t. 'k V',V)a(1 Umpr: Nt 1 ws heartbroken to sea
snouted: YOU to Slberja. Where you ilt pinka ad pav)d tUnilne BUSrde(,
learn not to Jle. Tell me the truth, or you , ,h rmlpt v,r(J. h. nnHr. h,"fMeh.d
used In the Kaster Passover cake, "You are a very Orthodox Jaw, are you an usual, but -lad toget horae, I sat
a itit v) iior, inn 9wnw m nf nw nncre is uur Aiasuiai talking wun my lamuy ana
lk' house, by name Zacharelienko, who (This I a talisman that almost every that "they would live long."
was n member of the "IIlaeH Hundred," orthodox Jew lias In his house). At midnight, very tired. I fell aslt-ep,
railed for me. 1 knew htm weU. He sala I wa erubarressed, and replied: knowing that at 3 o'clock I should have
to me; am afraid, Uut X ua nut s y r to jo to work again.
hold of me.
"Are you Mendel Dellls?" asked one
of them.
"Yea." I added.
"Then you are arrested."
My wife, who had followed ma to the
wishing door, gave one shriek and fell to trio
ground In a dead faint..
let me comfort her.
them again to. make more Inquiries.
It was a terrible day. Heavy rain was
beating down on their heads and I could
Jiear the poor children orying! "Mother,
mother!" They wero kept there for
hours. y
Qut the same woman who, the day be
fore, had cheered me up, saw them and
went to the governor, and told him It
was a pity to keep these poor children
the whole day without food and without
taking their evidence.
The governor was entertaining MS)
frjhids, arid bad forsotUn about the
boys. Ho Just glanced at her and,, said,
"Send them home." t
(Continued on Page Elerta.1