5-B
A Talk with President of Perui
The Omaha National Bank
Statement made to the Comptroller of the Currency MARCH 4, 1914
r
THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEK: MARCH 8, 1914.
&teajn plows in -ike Peruvian JDesoHr
(Copyi'lghcd, 1914, by Prank G. Carpenter.)
in n in 1Xfl Peru. 1 havo Just ro
2 TP turned from the Rational pal
P y acc, whero 1 have had a Ions
Rr mi chat with Senor Ciulllcrmo
iil.SfiL BlUlnghurst, tho president ot
sl t10 pcruvlnn Republic. Tho
palace stands on the Plaza
ancles to the great
National
Mayor, at rlsht
cathedral that was founded by Pizarro in
1S35. The palaco itself was built about
tho name time, and 'It has all tho feu
turcs of the Spanish architectures of the
days of Columbus. It covers a whole city
block, and its ground floor area must be
six or eight acres. It has two stories, and
It consists of large rooms with wide
marble stairways leading to the second
floor. Tho building runs around patios,
and in these are royal palms and tropical
flowers. On my way in I was shown a
flgtrc that was planted by Pizarro. It
is more than COO years old and is still
bearing fruit.
My audience with tho president, was ar
ranged by tho American minister to Peru,
Mr. Benton McMlllln. and we went"tothe
palaco together. Passing the. soldiers at
the entrance, we walked through the hall
in which Pizarro was killed, and ascended
a marble stairway to the second floor.
Hero we met Mr. Clsrieros, the secretary
of the president, ,and a moment later were
shaking tho hands of the man whom I
might call tho Theodore Itoosevent ot
Peru.
An Airirreaslva. Itnler.
President BlUlnghurst is an aggressive
Rnd progressive ruler. Ho Is a fighter, a
man of the people and h believes in the
masses. Like Mr. Roosevelt, he has had
a military career, and has won his spurs
on the battlefield. He is not afraid. He
told me that the danger of revolutions as
fnr as Peru is concerned Is over
nnd that even should there be
trouble, he had something like 250,000
hard-fisted men who would come to tho
support of the administration. The presl
dent .told me that ho was elected without
applying for the office. He did not want
to be president and was about to retire
from active business. His support was
so strong, however, that l. was induced
to head the presidential ticket, and he
is now putting (n fourteen hours of hard
labor each day in serving Ills country.
He s a. progressive president, and has
under way reforms which include the
building tip of the national credit and tho
development of Peru along modern lines,
President BlUlnghurst Is, I judge, about
611 years, old. He Is ot medium height
und weighs pet haps ICO pounds. His head
Is large and his faco full, with a nigh
forehead and twinkling black eyes. He
awake English. fluently, und our conver
sation was carried on In that tongue.
The first subject woo the present condi
tion of Peru, Tho president said:
. Coveted ! Many.
"One of the great troubles of Peru la
that It Is coveted by the countries about
it. '.-We have an enormous territory.
Our'tountry is ono-slxth the- size of all
Europe, and parts of It are exceedingly
rich. Wo havo about us smaller coun
tries, the most ot which look with long
ing eyes upon our possessions. We arc,
in fact, in the same position as the rich
man Versus tho poor man. The rich man
has many law suits. His neighbors covet
his possessions and dispute his titles tq
them,. That Is tho condition of Peru. We
have had trouble with Ecuador, Colombia,
Brazil, Bolivia and Chile as to our boun
daries, and In many ot these cases tho
cxac: territory of each country is still
unsettled. Nearly every country- is try
ing to claim something that we think, is
our own, and wc been kept so busy In
trying to hold to our rights that we have
not r"ad the opportunity to develop our
resources."
Wllllnur tu Arblfi-nte.
"We are willing to arbitrate matters
with Ecuador, but the Ecuadorans seem
afraid to risk such a decision. Our records
indicate that our boundaries extend al
most to Quito and they fear the result.
The Colombians hold much the same
views as to arbitration, and wo are hav
ing disputes as to Bolivia and have had
some with Brazil. If we could only agree
upon some middle ground as our perma
nent boundaries and allow the balance
of .he territory to be subject to arbitra
tion, we might be free from come of
our complications and In the end be better
of) What wo need Is peace and surety of
potsofclsion. We only want a square deal
V
Only a day or two after this Interview
-was had the president was imprisoned by
revolutionists '
and wo are willing to submit the ques
tions to fair Judges. Some ot tho countries
have proposed that It be left lo the pope.
I .would not agree to that, for, Just now,
you know, Peru has thrown off tho dic
tation of tho church nnd has declared re
ligious liberty throughout the whole coun
try. I will not say that that was a wlso
thing to do at the present time. Wo had
rellglouB liberty before Jn reality, al
though not nominally so. At any rate
It does not seem to be the psychological
moment to ask tho popo to pass upon
questions of such vital relation to us."
"But havo you really much good terri
tory, Mr. President?" I asked.
Empire In Itself.
"We have an empire. The greater part
ot the republic is susceptible of develop
ment. This is so of tho coastal zone and
of tho high plateau In the mountains,
and alBo of the slopes to tho cast which
go down to the Amazon valley- Right
ricre on the coast we might have three
times as much cultivated land as wo now
have, and' we expect to secure this by
irrigation. Wo have , more than fifty
streams that now flow down from tho
Andes and cross 'the desert on their way
to the sea. There are tracts oi cultivated
territory along each of these streams and
wherever water can be go to the soil
lit produces llko tho Nile jvalley. We have
had surveys made and we bcllevo that
wo can treble tho irrigated area. The
matter is already well under way and
congress has authorized mo to -issue
$10,00d,000 worth of bonds, the proceeds
from which are to bo used .for that pur
pose. This money will soon be available
and wo shall begin work at once."
"Does this mean that you will turn tho
water out over the desert plains or tho
pampas?"
"No. Some of my people believe that
advisable, but r am In favor of using tho
valleys until we have made every aero of
them Into plantations. We know the soil
there, and when that. has been reclaimed
there will be time enough to consider the
pampas."
'"Tell mo about your plans for -the high
valleys between the ranges of the Andes,
Mr. President." -
Knorraonx Possibilities.
"There is"unother enormous field - for j
development We have uplands there i
that aro much like the high valleys of
Switzerland. We have plateaus upheld j
by the mountains, and those plateaus aro
nlready covered with sod. We have vast
herds of cattle and millions of sheep In
the Andes. They feed upon the plateaus
and we believe that these pastures can bo
; greatly Improved. Wo are trying to breed
new grasses, and If we can do as we
hope there is really no limit to our pov
fllbllltlcs In the production of- beef aytd j
mutton. We aro Introducing now breeds J
of cattle and sheep, and the day will
some time come' when Peru will be orio of
tho great wool and meat exporting coun
tries. Indeed, I see no- reason why we
should not eventually send meat to your
markets through the canal.
"Another feature of our hlRhland devel
opment," continued Mr. BlUlnghurst, "is
in the raising of .grain. Wo find that
barley will grow welt at 12.000 feet nnd
moro above the sea, and we aro Inducing
the pople to plant it. Here Is a bottlo
containing dome barley from the high
lands. It is not at all bad. We have
millions of acres that are adapted to that
grain. We can also raise wheat In
northern Pjeru, and we shall eventually
produce our own flour. Just now I am
planning to import wheat and grind the
flour here. We shall protect the industry
by tariff. Wc aro raising good tea near
Ouzco. All the tea I drink at my table
comes from there.
Illrli Mineral DeiiosKa.
"And then as to .our mineral lands."
continued tho president. "I hardly know
how to express their extraordinary rich
ness. The whole, of the mountains from
Ecuador to Bolivia are highly mineral
ized, and wo must have vast unknown
deposits Nf silver and copper. The oM
mines of the Spaniards aro now being
reopened, and wo are finding new mine
and new minerals almost every month.
We have, you know, tbo greatest deposit
of vannadlum In the world, and we hav
Vast quantities of tungsten near Ch!ni
bote. The copper mines of Cerro da
Pasco are about the largest In all Sout
America, and there are other treasure
vaults of tho Andes yet to be opened
Tho gold placer deposits on the eastern
side of the mountains aro said to be enor
mously rich'
"And the Montana, your excellenoy,
what can you do wtb the slopes of tun
mountains on the eastern side of tho
country?"
Work In Itn Infancy.
"That region is a world In Itself," re
piled the president of Peru. "Wo have a
heavy rainfall on the eastern slopes of
tho Andes, and the cllmato varies from
the: temperate to tho. tropical zones. Wo
can prow coffeo and cacao pretty well up
In tho mountains, and further down' we
have all sorts of tropical fruits. On the
lowlands wo have rubber and vast traces
that will p rod u co sugar cane, tobacco and
cotton. That Dart ' of Peru comnrlsej
moro than half our territories, and It Is
all virgin soli. Tako the provlnco of
Madro do Dios. which wo havo recently
opened down .near Bolivia. It Is esti
mated that over 6,000,000 pounds of rub
ber have been taken from that reel on.
and that thero are largo quantities left.
Tho lands there will produce sugar cane
rice, cotton and coffee, and on tho slopes
of the mountains they aro grazing cattle
and sheep. The country is also rich mln-
eraliy, nnd this is so of much of the
Montana. A great deal of the cold of
tho Incaa camo from that region.
Transportation la Handicap.
"Tho Chief difficulty rut tn tlin rinvAlnn.
ment Of tho Montana." oontlniinrl Trnl.
dent BlUlnghurst, "Is transportation. The
oniy way to got tho crops out Is on' the
backs ot men or on mules, and tills makes
It impossible to do any farming upon a
largo scale; Wo expect, however, to ex
tend our railroads that now cross 1ia
Andca down Into the Amazon vpiinv. Thi
can bo easily done, nnd wo will then have
nn outlet to both the Atlantic and the
Pacific oceans. Wo have nlann for iv.
eral railroads to go through that country
to me great tributaries of tho Amazon.
Just at tho present we havo not tho
money to mako tho cxtenslonit. nnd tht
la one reason why I have not approved
ot tho McCune concession, which pro
vided for tho building of a. rallrnurl tn
the Ucayall river. I believo. however,
that wo shall soon have railroads reach
ing to the Amazon valley, and that tho
Montana will cventuallv h nrtA nf tlin
most thlctfly populated parts of Peru."
win not tho Panama' canal hurry up
this development?"
"It should do so. Bni
With railroads to tho Amnion. 11. hlf,hn;
pricea products or the eastern slope of
the mountains may be brounht down in
the Pacific and go northward through tho
canai. utners or the products will go
Uown the Amazon and out tn th Atinn.
tic. We do not expect to receive o great
ncnctit from the canal right nt the start,
but we believe that it will steadily In
crease our trade, brlnclntr ia much r!n.r
to your country and Europe, It Is our
hope that It will lead many of your Amer
ican capitalists to come down nml innit
over the ground with a view to Invest-Ing.-
As it Is now" some of our most val
uable .mines aro owned in thef United
States nnd some of the best development
works-of Peru aro being dono by Ameri
cans. This Is so with Cerro de. Pasco,
with Morococha and with other large
copper properties."
Work In Itn Infnncy.
' What are you doing to prepare for the
canal?"
"Our work so far Is at Its beginning,"
replied the president. "I have here a
scheme for the' Improvement of the har
bor of Callao that will give us tho finest
anchorage for shipping on the west coast
of South America, If not one of tho fin
est of the whole world. We have, as you
know, Just opposite Calloa. lying parallel
with the coast and loss than three miles
away, the high island of San Lorenzo.
At tho southern end the strip of water
between tills islarid and the coast Is very
nhallow, und we havo found that by tho
building of a breakwater we can unlto
the two and make an expanse of deep
water perfectly shut off from tho sea,
large enough to hold all the fleets of the
world.
"We are making our surveys for build
ing this Improvement land, as our engi
neers figure, it will require the dumping
of only about 1,000,000 cubic yards of
rock, which can be easily gotten from the
islands and the mountains of the main
land. Colonel Ooethals has looked over
the plans, and he says the Job Is an easy
one. There seems to be no engineering
difficulties In sight, and, according to
the estimates of our surveyors, it will
require less than (3,000,000 to build When
this Is done, Callao will be the chief port
of western South American and one of
the great coaling stations of the eastern
Pacifia Wo have beds of anthracite coal
at Chimbote which we can use. and we
4
i
1
RESOURCES
toans and Discounts
Overdrafts
U. S. Bonds for Circulation -Stocks
and Bonds - - - . -Banking
House and Vaults
U. S. Bonds for Deposits $ ' 207,000.00
Due from Banks and Ap
proved Reserve Agents 4,097.478.11
Cash on Hand -
Due from U. S. Treasurer
$7,429,219.66
1,617.04
1,010,000.00
405,893.69
650,000.00
2,208.756.06
50,000.0a 6,563,234.17
LIABILITIES
'-i
Capital - -
Surplus - a;
Undivided Profits5
Circulation
Deposits - r -
. ...
,1
" M
$16,059,94,92
$ 1,000,000.00
i 500,000.00
. 324,429.8.6
1,000,000.00
13,235,535.06
$16,059,664.42
OFFICERS ;
J. H. MILLARD, WM. WALLACE, W. H. BUOHOLZ, WARD M. BURGESS, .
President. Vice-President. Vice-President. Vice-President;
j' J. DeF. RICHARDS, FRANK BOYD, B. A. WLIOOX, "u
Cashier. Ass't. Cashier. Ass't. Cashier,
' t EZRA MILLARD, O. T. ALVISON, , "
Ass't. Cashier. Ass't. Cashier. v
DIRECTORS w
CHARLES, H. BROWN, E. A. OUDAHY, LOUIS 0. NASH, ISAAC W. CARPENTER, ARTHUR 0. SMITH.
Farnam and Seventeenth Streets .
have also fuel oil In great quantities to
supply any steamers burning petroleum."
Have Wireless Stations.-
The conversation hero turned to wire
less tolegraphy, and President Dllllng
hurst spoke of the wonderful results that
have been attained by sending messages
from the top of Mount Cristobal, a desert
hill about 1,000 feet high, that lies Just
back of Lima. Said he: .
"We had been warned by the German
scientists and wireless experts that thero
would bo no use ot putting a station on
that little mountain. They said we could
not send messages over the Andes, which,
as you know, reach an altitude of threo
or four miles, and lie Just behind. Never
theless, our Peruvian advisers told me
thoy believed tho thing could bo done,
and we decided to try it. Wo put up our
steel towers, and tho results havo proved
that tho Germans were wrong. W6 nro
now sending messages light over the high
Andes, down to our wireless station at
Iqultos, on the Amazon river. Wo are
sending messages to different places In
the high mountains, and even northward
to Panama and direct to New York. We
have not only dono that, but we have
sent messages right over the Andes and
across the wholo continent to Wo Janeiro,
and wo have gotten messages from ships
coming into Rio, Wo received such a
message from a German steamer only a
fow days ago. The steamer had not yet
landed at Rio, but it announced Its com
ing to our wireless station at the top ot
I San. Cristobal. We have, In fact, tho
whole ot South America now accessible
to that station."
Majority are Indlnns.
"What Is the condition of your people
so far as advancing civilization Is con
cerned? Am the masses, Including the
Indians, becoming more enlightened?"
"I think so," said President Billing
hurst. "The people are advancing far
more rapidly than tho educated, classes
of Peru realize. Our laboring men are
beginning t.o think for themselves and
to make their demands upon their em
ployers. I have men hero every day
from all parts of Peru, bringing In
grievances of one kind or another. They
know that I sympathize with the labor
ing man, and they look for me to stand
between them and their employers. In
deed, they have so much faith In my
desire to help them that I fear some
times to redress their grievances. The
trouble is that when they get back home
thoy camiot distinguish between liberty
and license and thoy are liable to commit
outrages, believing that I will uphold
them. You see we hayo here a nation
Just in the making, and many of the peo
ple ot our tower classes are beginning
for the first timo to feel freo.
"I am Interested In the welfare of the,
poor man," continued Senor Dilllngriurst.
"I want to sec him havo a better home,
higher wages and a square deal. Among
the other things that I am doing here "in
Lima Is the building of borne model homes
for our workmen. We are making them
of concrete and they are muoh more san
itary than tho ordinary dwellings,"
Only Certain Kinds.
"Does Peru want Immigration?" I
asked.
"Yes," replied the president, "but not
such Immigration as is going to take
away the work from Us own people. Our
Asiatic labor has not proved to be a
success. The Chinese do not work, and
the Japanese are too Independent and
they want to work tor themselves. Just
now we have more labor than we can
use right here In Lima, and our people ar
going to Chile. I should like to see them
stay here and with the Introduction of
foreign capital we ought to have plenty of
work for everyone In Peru. Our people
mako good workmen. Tho laboring claBnea
ot tho high Andes nro efficient and even
the wild Indians mako excellent hands,
Just now wo aro Having quite an awaken
ing among the laboring men, A month or
so ago a delegation ot Chilean laborers
camo here and discussed socialistic and
other questions. They wero ycll recolved
and upon leaving they asked somo ot our
people to go back and mako upceches In
Chile. The laborers applied to .me and
I sent about twenty of them there. Thoy
made speeches all 'over the country In
favor of fair hours and fair wages and
tho rights ot tho laboring man."
"What aro tho relations of Peru to
tho United States?" I asked,
"Thoy are ot the very best nature,"'
replied tho president of Peru, "unJ we
believe that the friendship of the two
countries - will grow closer and closer.
You are rich in money, and we are rich
In mines and lands. We can help ach
other." FRANK G. CARPENTISR.
PRATTLE OF THE KIDDIES.
.mall Kdgar had been spanked for pull
ing the cat's tall. Tho next day he was
found doing the same thing.
"Edgar," said his mother, severely, "do
you want another spanking?"
"No, thank you." ho replied. "I don't
really care for any more."
"Mamma," said a little -year-old,
looking up from her plate, "I used to eat.
wlf my spoon and now I eat wlf my
SUFFERED
AGONIES
WITH
ERUPTION
Soto on Face for Three Years.
Nothing Would HhaU Red, Angry
and Inflamed. Frightful Disfig
urement, Cuticura Soap and Oint
ment Cured, Left Not a Scar.
710 Green St., Boone, Iowa. 'I went to
seo my brother Jut summer and was hor
rified to find a raw sore on his faco tbo tiro
of a quarter or a dollar. He said It bad been
thero three years and nothing would heal
It. II If pillow was stained .with blood each
morning. He had suffered agonies with
pain. The sore wa red, sngry. Inflamed
and bleeding at the edges or tbo soro. It
was a frightful disfigurement to his face.
"He had used home-made salve and
(ptions of mny klodi but nothing kept It
heeled. It would break out again after we
thought It was healed. Then I washed It
threes times a day with Cuticura Soap and
spread on the Cuticura Ointment. It
gradually bealed around the edges snd In
three months it healed all over leaving not
a scar to mar bis check. He was cured."
(Signed) Mrs. Emma rhclan, June 2, 1013.
If you with a skin ciear of pimples, black
heads and other annoying eruptions, hands
soft and white, hair live and glossy, and
scalp freo from dandruff and Itching, begin
to-day tho regular' uit of Cuticura Boap for
the toilet, bath and shampoo, asiisted by
an occasional light application of Cuticura
Ointment. No other method It so agreeable,
so economical, and so often effective. Cuti
cura Soap (25c) and Cuticura Ointment
(fiOc.) are told ererywhwe, A tingle set la
often tufSclent. Liberal sample of each
mailed free, with 32-p. Skin Book. Addroi
pott-card "Cuticura. Dept. T. Boston."
' r I 1 i ...
tlcura Soap will find it best for skin and scalp.
fork: how old must I bo 'foro I can cat
wlf my knife?"
Mamma: "Now, 1cla, -you 'should be po
llto and' offer grnnuma a 'share of your
birthday candy." . ,
Little Iola; "I would, mamma, " I was
sure sho'4 be polite and not tako any."
Mrs. Kawler Your slslor's fiance's
name Is Turpln, I understand.
Willie Yea, and I guess he must bo a
holds sister up every time he calls.
"Tommy," said Tommy's niothor, "I
am afraid you will make yourself ill. Do
stop eating'. How Is It that you can pos
sibly eat so much?"
"I'm sure I don't know " said Tommy,
thoughtfully, taking another bite, "gucs
it's just good luck."
niram.
' When a man Jumps at conclusions) the
rest ot us can generally-see his finish.
No man has such an Impediment In
his speech that he can't say a good word
for himself. t
Second thoughts aro best only when
thoy arrlvo on time.
Even tho people who are sure of their
reward in heaven on't seem to be In
any particular hurry about claiming it.
The man who . raises objections is
pretty auro of a large crop.
Many a man with a futuro before him
is handicapped by a past behind him.
Borne society girls blossom Into wall
flowers, and somo arc nipped In the bud.
A great many young men have an en
tirely falso idea about marriage. Some
of them even expect to have their own
way about It New York Times.
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"Live Wire"
Business Men of Omaha
Telephone Numbers and Addressee
of the Gmaha Business Houses
File this for reference, you wlU find it bandy.
For Complete Information See Classified Section cJ
TODAY'S BEE
