9-A Perplexing Questions for Mexico to Solve THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: JULY 13, 1913. i ? A- c - ; V v.. 1; 'J1' Copyrighted, IMS, by Frank a. Carpenter. EXICO CITT-In this, my last letter from Mexico, I want to Btvo you soma of tho undfer currenta of public opinion which ara rapidly chanslnB the DosslbllltloB of thla r.. public. The than who thinks that tho troubles here aro Only tho strugste ot tho Ins arid the outs Is mistaken. Tha peoplo liave become aroused to tho possi bilities of liberty, atfd there Is. a s(ron hope that the whole soatal and economic system will be reorganised, so far tha rcpubllo is still In the melting pot. It Is difficult to discuss parties, for parties are only In their formaton, One reason for this la tho long; auto- craiio reign ot Diasfc For more than a. generation he controlled the country with an iron hand, in which was held a two edged sword. Every head which rose above the average level was cut off, and his enemies wero wiped out without re gard to anything: but the success of the administration. Diaz often said that he believed in much government and but little politics, The result was that politi cal -parties were practically extinguished by his long reign. When Madsro became president It was with a promise of reorganisation. He preached reform, and equal rights to alL and he succeeded in planting the germs of discontent among tho common people. He nreached but he did not accomplish, and'.hs non-accomplishment was one of the elements that brought hfs overthrow. The npw administrate of Huerta is now preaching and promising, and parties are .again forming. There may be another revolution or so before order is brought out of chaos, but there Is little doubt but that the old Mexico has passed away forever, and that a new ope will eventu ally' take Its' place. Dividing the DIr Estates. Among' the' great questions which are agitating the country are those which re late, to the landed estates and their own ers. The people aro beginning to realise that It Is no.t right that 1,000 families should practically own this mighty terrl tory. Mexico is divided Into enormous ranches, some of which contain millions of acres and aro worth many millions of dollars. These estates have been listed for taxation at many times less than their Value. A property worth t,000;X in gold Will be assessed at $100,000, and one worth iw,uw may do ussessea at fiy.uw, or a longftitpij there were, no taxes on unemployed-lands, and the1 'great estates nrt still returned at such a low valuation that their owners Tay practically nothing to the government. On tho other hand the small .holders are taxed to tho full. Tho man Who has a 200-acro farm, which may be worth 11,000, dare not list It for 2100, as the discrepancy Is too evi dent. As a result he pays taxes on very nearly the full value. Thin has long been the grievance pthe small land own ers, and they ao fto'w; among the" discon tents who ara In jtho saddle. They- want, they1 have 'made themselves art fetf Wat this question is discussed all over Mexico. .The Communal linndH. jMJ wf .At" fr.lher, fPWB8!1' W?i? 'aVitKted the i .t hambefr of Deputies and which forms' ... .W. .... .....ft. VWMV ... restoration ot tno pommunai ianas to whom thoy formerly belonged. About fifty or sixty years aro every town In Mexico had certain lands surrounding It which were divided among the cltisens, and each householder had his own little plot, upon which he could raise enough corn for his family and whore ho cpuld pasture his cows. ) These blocks of land, with tho town In tho center, were often In the heart ot or adjoining a big estate, which had coma from grants given by the kings of Spain centurion ago. Tho owners ot the estates wanted the lands to add to their already large tracts, and so during the adminis tration 'of President Juare.8 they suc ceeded in abolishing the communal sys tem and passing & law to divide1 up the lands among the people o the villages. These people were mostly peons or In dians, so slmplo that they sold out tor practically nothing. Tho owners of the largo estates were ready to buy from them, and tha result was .that the com munal lands came Into the bands of those rich owners living nearby. There are now hundreds of such settle ments In Mexico, where the surrounding lands have, been acquired by the rich estate owners. Many ot them are not used, and their .owners will neither sell nor rent. I this way the residents b the town are compelled to work for these men In order to live, and tho great estate owners can fix their own rate of wages. There Is no chance for the peon to get ahead! for he cannot buy the land back and the system Is such that it has meant the enslavement of the people. Among "the schemes how proposed In the Chamber ot Teput!es Is to purchase or condemn these, tracts and to restore ? them to their owners. If this is done the peons will be largely free of their old "masters, and they will gradually become more civilized. It Is found that this has been the case with the Indians of the few towns which did not give up their com munal lands. They are more Independent and better in every way. vi, ivmik phiI tt) iTnrlimdndoa. Other movements to Improve the condi tions of the Indian relate to the taking away of tha power of the Jefo politico, or chief, officers of the small towns. The most of these officials have been ap pointed through the influence Of the. big estate owners; nnd they have opppressed the people tj please thq men who put them In office. According to the laws ot Mexico, absolute liberty I" supposed to exist. It docs not. The local )tto politico has the right to draft men Into tho army, and In the pat the peon workmen were given the-alternative of entering military service or sticking to their labor upon Mow Some Fat People Eat Themselves Thin (From Pilgrim Magazine.) When it is remembered we require but three ounces of fat dally and that most persons eat ten times that, the wonder lk that most people aren't corpulent. Borne systems ere able to burn UP the surplus fat, while others keep storing away pound after pound of useless ells In the tissues Just beneath the skin, If tat folks could find something that would absorb or expel these oils nom, the tod. they'd have the long-sought obesity rem edy. .If they only knew It, there Is ft rent ' ed which aota In just these ways dispersing oily and other unwholesome iterations, absorbing and eliminating ' them.' This- valuable remedy In found, ' -not in a nasty plU or liquid, but In pal y stable, harmless candy drops, known by v druggists as "bo rani urn jujubfS." In these days of widely-advertised obesity remedies, the humble jujube seems to Save Been retegatea to tne cacic neu ut the wise ones know what these won derful little "Jujubes ran acionplHh. it but three or four aro ettten every day for . while. Ad ei llaement the estates. If they started to leave, the Jefe politico would draft tlmm Into tha service; and It they were In debt they could not leave. In this way the Indians wero enslaved In parts ot tho cnuntry, and they aro practically slaves In some regions today. Such methods were even used In connection with factory labor, and some of the cotton mills were run In that way. Now Labor Questions, The new movements Include attempts to Improve tho lot of the laboring men. Laws have been already passed as to the hours and wages In the factories. For merly 8Uh things have been fixed at the caprfco fot the capitalist, and'' these men Were so backed by the administration that the workmen could do nothing. During the administration of Madero a ten-hour day shift and a nine-hour night shaft were Introduced Into the workshops ot many parts ot the country. Thin was done with the consent of the factory own ers. Inducements being given In the way ot reduction of the taxes on goods made In such factories. According to the old law, all factories paid the government a tax of 6 per cent on their gross sales. To such factories as introduced the new labor regulatlqnir this tax. was cut to 4 per cent, ''and iat 'the samertlme'tt-proposU Uoii was made o' Increase it to Ver cent bn all other" factories. This polley will probably be carried out in the future and the result will be better hours and higher wagefli , v. iTiiv Mexican' Conjfreii. J . During my stay here I have spent some time In the Mexican congress. There are two houses, the senate and the chamber ot deputies. The senate holds Its sessions In the national palace and the chamber of deputies has its' own hall in the buslncts heart of tha city. The building ot the chamber is ot stone,' with doors ot wrought Iron. It is of the .shape, of the Pantheon,, the hall being a great circular room upheld by many col ums and roofed by a dome. An enormous ohandoller of cut glass, as big as a two ton stack of hay, hangs from the center of the dome, and Its many frosted light bulbs make tho hall as bright as day. At the back, under the coat-of-arms ot Mexico, Is the chair ot the- speaker, and the seats run In concentric rows, rising from the floor, below the speaker's desk. gradually to the back. Around the hall and looking down Into It ore galleries, which during my visit were filled with spectators, who listened to every word ot the speeches, and who, it neemed to me, wero much concerned In the pro ceedtngs. Each member has his own desk and chair, and the order in which the desks are kept is far better than that ot our lower house of congress. It seems to ma also that the Mexican statesmen act wetter than our congressmen do. They are more polite and there Is less talking, whispering and smoking while the de bating goes. on. The house is much smaller than ours. It has only 23? numbers, tho representa tives being elected for two year, at the rate of one member for each iO.000 in habitant. Both ' sonatorB and deputies receive salaries of J,000 Mexican a year. This is equal to fl.Mo gold. It is Just one fifth what our higher-paid congressmen get. The Mexican congress meets an nually in two sessions. The first is from April 1 to May Si, and the second is from September IS to December J5. A perma nent committee pf both houses sjta during the recess. Patriotism in felextco. It seems to me that the Mexicans aro growing more patriotic They aw great stump speakera. and the recent campaigns of the several president havo started tha heads of the masses to working. You can now hear much talk about "Mexico for the Mexicans" and the demand for "a government of the peopto, for the people, by the peo ple." On the Paseo de Ja Forma now tands the great monument of inde pendence. which was completed two years ago. It is the finest of Its kind, and It has cost about twice as much as ouj- monument to George Washing ton. Tha Mexican capital a city of statue, and some of tba new """Mini, are une. i doubt whether titer e is a tnnm hmie..t office anywhere than that- of Mexieb City, and the federal capltol. which has been designed for the Paseo de la Republics, will Whan one of, the finest structures ti Latin America. Bo far only the Iron skeleton cr0,ea- Tft Gliding is to cost 110,000,000. The castla nt o.tm.K..,.. iialso very beautiful. financial Mexico. As far as much-needed fund in mh. ctrned, the new loan whljh. Mexico has recently gotten will put the administra tion on easv strit for umi tlm , - - . y vwiiiVf When Mr Huerta came into power the treasury was practically empty, owing to the. extraordinary expense of Matter and the necessities of war, I am told that the country is in much better, con dition, iimnciajiy than is generally sup posed. Mexico has been oroduclne a. Irir quantity of sllvsr and copper, and. -Jts exports for 1912 exceeded those for 1310 and 1911 by 11,000,000 pesos. During every one of the last five turbulent years there has been a surplus, ot ordinary reve nues, over' the ordinary disbursements. In 1907 and UOfj this- amounted to more than 118,000,000. In 1909 It was more than $5,000,000, and In 1911 It exceeded $10,000,030. In 1912 trie revenues' jvere more than 103,000,000. V Aa to Its national debt, Mexico has not only been paying the interest every year, but it has been cutting down the principal. In 1911 and 1912 this cut amounted to almost $6,OQ0,00O, and that notwithstanding the dtjnormal conditions Which theri prevailed. The resources ot the country are such that there Is no doubt .but that it can redeem all fts' obli gations'! if a stable government can be secured, and aa soon as. the' country Is quiet the bonds and stocks now on the wiarket will rise. The total amount of the foreign debt Is something like 1316,000,000. and this" will prbVably be added td.by tho damages demanded on account of the outrages ot the recent revolutions, Mexican Trade. I had a talk last night with one of the leading financiers as to Mexican trade with the United States and its possible Increase . through our tariff reduction. This man says that tho new tariff will send many Mexican articles, which are going to Europe, to the United States. Said ho: "Our. forelsn commerce' has been stead ily Increasing), and '.within ten years wa will double our exports. This is espe cially so as to our trade with your coun try. Wo sold you 1221,000,000 worth of goods In 1912; and our total exports that year were 2298,000,000. So you see you now take the most of what we sell. Toil will take even more in the future." "What are the chances for American capitalT" X asked. "As soon as matters become settled and they are boUnd to become settled Within a short time the opportunities for successful investment will be very great. It Is now twenty-five years since your people began to send large sums to Mex ico, and you now have investments amounting to many, many millions of dol lars. You have large. Interests in all of our Industrial undertakings. You own the most ot our mines and enormous quantities of land, The right to acquire land Is unlimited and there are extensive tracts awaiting the capitalists. I believe that the large estates will soon have to be dtylded. They will be laid out In small holdings and Will be sold on advan tageous terms. "There are many ' opportunities hero ! along manufacturing lines," this man continued. "Mexico needs many articles which i does not produce and which could be protected by the tariff, dur cot ton mills aro making gntat strides and at no distant date we shall bd exporting cotton cloth. We are -now producing all the sugar we need and we have a surplus for exportation. There is no reason why wo should net make our own iron and steel, and I expect that the steel industry will be one ot our big businesses of the future." ''How about your mines" "Mining is one of our largest busi nesses, and It la onlv 'At Urn bavlnnlna- Wo have vast tracts of undeveloped territory and our mines are steadily in creasing in number and output. Our production of silver last year was the largest to date. It Waa worth 489,006,000. "The gold production was over 218,000,000 and during that same year we produced 189,000 tons of copper ore and 118,000 tons Of lead, Everyone, knows how the oetro leuin product Is growing. The yield last year wus more than z. 500,000 tons, and it will be 1,000,090 tons more this year. All .ot our industries are receiving a great Impetus by the use of electricity. W have a large number of water powers and these are being harnessed nnd turned to industrial account in various ways," Mexico's ffew Electric Poorer Plants, In connection-with electricity 1 want to give you a conversation I had with Colonel EduardO Hay some time ago. Colonel Hay Is a civil engineer by profes. slon, and he is interested in large works In many parts ot the rcpubllo. He was educated in (he United States and ha speaks English as well as I do. In talkt Ing of tht possibilities of Mexico he tells ma. that there are millions of American capital awaiting quieter conditions to come here. Ha has now an bis books eighty dUtersnt projects which' ho has been asked to investigate during the last three months. Theso embrace hydraulic power, plants, electric railroads and Irrl gatloit and colonisation companies. Many ot them will be pushed aa soon as (h present troubles are over. Among other ifilngs Colonel Hay eal.1i "Electricity promises to bo one ot the greatest field of Investment of the Mex ico ot tho future. This country Is ad mirably adapted to such a development We have here a high plateau which slopes steeply down on both tildes to the sea, giv ing us many rivers with abundant water power. This Is so both on the Atlantis and Pacltto sides ot Mexico. I know ot one river which has a 7,000-foot fall, forming a series of descents each ot which can be utilized. There are other rivers and streams ot large sice which will de velop power land tor which concessions could be easljy gojton. "Aa It Is now, we have one power, plant within nlnetyTmlles ofMcxIco City which furnishes 100,000 horse power. That plant Is now supplying the capital, The Falls ot Juanacatlan have been harnessed and thre ara "other powers 'on government rivers' which Could be '.easily developed, "All that Is necessary Is to make out your plans -and lay thorn beford the au thorltles, depositing 82,500 In gold as a bond for carrying them out. That is the bastf, upon which all concessions are granted In Mexico, and such concessions can be acquired by tho foreigner Just as well as by the native. The deposits of earnest money bear Interest at 6 per cent and they are returned when the works are completed. The government must, ot course, approve of the working plans before the concessions are granted. FRANK O, CAItPENTEU. Can't Kelp But Admire Babies Ev7 Womaa Casta Levin Glance r Um NetHn$ Cuddlesl la ita Bonnet. A woman's heart naturally repon4 bt the charm cad sweetness of a pretty child, and more so to-day than ever Mfora since thm .Avar. a Ha,i rs.l. to the muiclcs and tendon. It penetrates the tissues makes them pliant to readily yield ta nature's demand for expansion, o there is no longer a period of pain, du comfort, straining, nausea or other smp. tomt so 6f tea distressing during the anxious weeks ot expectancy. Mother's Friend prepares the system for the comm? erent, and its u trine tftm fort, reat and repoae during the term. This has a poet marked influence upon the babr, sine it thus Inherits a splendid growing system ot nerves and dlgeetlre function. And particularly to young mothers Is this famous remedy of inestimable yalu. it enables her to preserve her health and strength, and she remains a pretty mother by haying avoided all ths, sufferln and danger that would otherwise accompany Isu-h an occaolon. Mother'o Friend thor oughly lubricates every nerve, tendon and muscle i Involved and Is a sure preventive for caklnjr of the breasts, Tou will find this splendid remedy pa aalo at all drug store at H,o6 a bottle, n&1!bl:hlr.M.emmtn.(J, or purpose Write Srsdfleld Begulator Co.. miXnar BlA)r.. Atlanta, pa., and they wW mall you sealed, a vry Inatructlvs book for expec tant mothers. Violins Cfeatslolc rrtth eSfis, bow and ax tra strlim at go.oC, So.oo. tr.oo, ss.oo, 1D.OO, 018.00, 123 ana up. Sold oa ISasy Pajr. Wstta iTe Catalog ol Moslem Instroaaeata, A. HOSPE CO. la Dnilu SU O null a. Our Magazine Page will intereftt every woman who likes good heart-to-heart talks with other sympathetic women, HOTELS, Yellowstone Park Daily Tours via Cody, Scenic Entrance. The Holm Transportation Co., Cody, Wyo, W The duty on Diamonds atprcsent is 10 per cent. As near as anyone can surmise con gress is going to in crease this auty to 20 per cent. In the Brodegiard Safes are DIAMONDS to a total value of not less than $70,000 based on International Standard Market Vain - fc mwiuawj. utu x uusu nay a where in the world, Our gems are absolutely perfect and gathered together with utmost care and skill. Tiley are free from any imperfections such as. carbon spots, irregular cuttings, brown or yellow colors. Here you can find brilliant and flawless Jager stones as well as the beautiful blue-white Wesseltons. One karat Diamonds as low as $125 and up smaller stones, set or loose, from $ 10 and up. wo Branch Stories Nebraska AT THE SIGH OF me crown UP mCOLDCN STAIRS Read This Drug and Toilet Goods Price List A WORD TO DRUG BUYERS Tho prices quoted herewith apply to not only tho articles abated your drug shopping where a few CUT PRICES ON I PATENT MEDICINES a So De Witt's Early Risers for SSo Kennedy Laxative Couch Syrup 26c Carter's Little Liver Pills , EOo Doan'a Kidney Villi.,., , $1.00 Itexall Celery and Iron Tonlo tor , ,, II, PO Finkharn'a Cprppound fl QO Ptorco'V doide'n' Medical Discovery tor . . i , , , , . , $1.00 and tl.75 8 8. 8. for 41.09 and . 2So Allen's Footease for , $1.00 Wine ot Cardul for $1.00 and $1,(0 Fellows' Syrup for Ho and.......... $1.25 Dude's repto-Mansau for....... tl.OO Red Clover Bitters for tOc Genuine Syrup Figs for '. 60c Caldwell's Syrup for , fiOo Pope's Diapepsln for too and tl.OO Rexall Kidney Cure for 0o and , 35c Fletcher's Castoria for ' I2q .9o 12o 34o I9e 59e 59c 54o 84o 64o 64o m 6is 29c 29o 29o 45o 23c 2S Hire's Root 1 12c (Makes S Gallons.) SHERMAN & McCONNELL Drug Co's. 4 Rexal! Stores ALL ON PROMINENT CORNERS. HOTELS A All Outside Rooms Right on th beach away from City's noise and dirt. Ten minutes' ride to business, theatre and shoDniner center. Luxiiri- I ously furabed roomi, single Orchestra concerts every evening1. Write foe rates and booklet. Manager, 51st Bird, en tao Lake Shore rmrsnn TIUniiirrkoj "J: Chicago Beach Hotel Daring ths last eighteen months The BRODEGAARD JEWELRY CO. has been busy picking up valuable stones among importers. One stone here! A dozen stones there! Several original packages direct from Amsterdam! A'ways gather ing them in! Enough on hand tolastthrqe years, THANK YOU! M aro good at oar 4 . IUwcall Drug Stores every hour In ovory day, and , but thousand more. Don't wnate umo ana money oy trying to ua prices aro thrown out for bait for ON13 DAY only -SPECIAL SALE RUBBER G09DS 75c 2-fluart Kr.r. 49o 7Ko 2-Quart Fountain By- 49o B 0 o D ti I b Family S y - TtT,. 29o 78a RUb bop SETT. 39o Lady Attendant In This Department HOISEHQLI IR1U l pound Sulphur ... Bo .., 5o .... 5o . !9o , 29o . 79o for...,. X pound Epsom Salts for. , 1 pound Copperas . for, . . , , 100 Hlnhle's Pink PUla for 100 RIaud'a Iron Tonlo Pills for $1.00 Pompelah Olive Oil Delft Peanut Oil, just H PRIOB. tafAl i nuuif or Witoh Hazel Soap, lie 3 cakes for . WD RESORTS. or en suite, with private bathi. iJOli If you buy a Diamond now, you are making the surest investment for a 10 per cent increase. Any stone bought from us is redeem able at 10 per cent discount within 12 months, or at full value on exchanges. This bona-fide agreement enables you to weir a 1-2 karat Diamond m entiri year for $S SO stoee. redeemed within 12 months at $45 29 Years of Continued Satisfaction to Customers OtST PRICES ON 35o 4711 White Roso 9n Boap .,... , ,. ' fcw EOo Soclete Hygienlque 9 On Powder ..... " SOo Coclete HyfflenlQ.ua .29o 9te Boap , $1.50 else Ortontal Face Cream, at, each... 26o bottles of Halier'a Witch, Hasel Cream "for I4e $1.00 Cmeraon's Safety, Sfie Razors at,,.,..M'M,. svww SSo Whisk D rooms J. at. ............ . . . I 26a Chamois Bklna 148 at. About 800 SOo Combs 98a at i.' H 25o botUes Witch Ilnset 50o bVttie 'Bay Rum" 'AKm for .,.,,.t,.,,,...,,M .a e e One lot 2Co Tooth Brnahes i I. for ,..., .m4 a 25a Holmes' Fro still a, at ...s.., 50o Pompetau 6r Qalatea Mas sage Cream for ............ Powders and Pastes, for ,.. .. I2e 29e !2o 20 gross Roman, Violet, Carnation, Trailing Arbutus Taj- Cn cum. for uu About. 3,000 boxen assorted Fnca Powders, 26o to 50o kinds, IQo 50o Malvlna Cream or Cucum ber and Bentoln Cream 2 So Espey Fragrant Cream, at , . 60n Dr. Charles' Flesh (Flood . Uo 24o HOTELS AKO RKSORTS. Comfort Accslbltlty Motttrata Rates New Weston y Hotel Madison Av?nuE & Street NEW YORK OneWoeV from Fifth Avenue and within essy wslklns dliUcee ol Theatres, Shop and Club REFINED SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT COURTEOUS SERVICE 1 75 Rooms with Bath. Restaurant a La Carte with reasonable charges SPECIAL RATES tOH JUNE, JUtY. AW, SOT, SlncIoRoom ..... tu$a . All Outride Booms Sln(teRootnIUiB&th . . . , f.ooIsy Double RjOosj with lUth , , (3.00 Dey Parlor, DeiirooM with Bath . 4-00 to fSA Further Reduction for Wee&y Occopaacy 8. Q. CLAYTON. Proprietor BEATJTUm ISTJG EOVAUf ON LAXE STJPSBXOK Don't utlr with Mm heit, com ol tttfn cut WiAtlBf, tmosltg, iltblBs. tttrtsia tt OrtasUnao ut TbomaltM. tsA tntMag Na ture! patett air it kit tlnu. Hlj-ilYlI sn4 M thnu eiuriu t sac. Pek on? betry ri4 tat bur yaur ticket l Duluth, UUn., pita Ui Booth Lis boL Wrtta tor UlStt. Cast. S. 8. Bmlto, Xoila's Xaxbor, XWi,