I)
HUNTERS OUT IN AIRSHIP
French Aviatori Prove Aeroplane it
Good Vehicle for Shootin?.
F1YEB JAILED FOIL HTOIIGENCE
rorlon.fnt Repohllo Taking" Step to
Tame the Ktaktranee of Friend
of the Monarchy Drastlo
rian Onlllned.
PARIS. Nov. 4-The aviatori, Lfgag
neux anj Martinet, went shooting on
ooard an aeroplane In the neighborhood
of Compiegne recently. LRagneux
rlloted the biplane In dextrous circlet
and ovals above the coverts, while Mar
tlnet did the shootlnir.
The machine cannot remain In the air
and fly at a less speed than a rertrldge.
and, as Martinet Is an experienced shot
he rarely mlsed birds whose line of
flight wan that of the aeroplane. He
alio killed two hares, the apparatus
wheeling; down Just above them. The
difficult part of the sport was finding
the game after landing.
The public prosecutor at Rhelms has
brought proceedings against aviators for
the first time In French criminal law
ifor homicide through, .negligence, the
defendant being Count d'Hcspcl, wnO,
lit alighting, struck down and klllel a
machinist, Germain Gardes, and A later
Frevost, who ran Into a soldier, Eugene
Fotlln, Imprudently and carelessly, the
prosecuting attorney affirms.
Radlnm la Dangerous.
Professor Bouchard's experiments with
radium have brougnt him to tho convic
tion that when projected on nervous cen
ters radium produces paralysis and rapid
tlrath. This has not been tried on hu
1.:.:., beings, but upon mice enclosed In
l.ealthy oxygenated receptacles. Mice
under the radium ray died In from six
to eight hours, while so-called control
specimens, kept under Identlcaf condi
tions, except that the rafilum emanations
were absent, remained well.
Microscopic examination of the animal
tissues after death showed no change
except a diminution of white globules
In tho blood and congestion of the blood
In the lungs. The bodies had acquired
such extraordinary radio-activity that
three days after death they made an
Impression on a photographic plate
through several sheets of black paper.
Madame Curio nays that "If the nature
of the radiations from radium are little
known the cause of spontaneous radio
activity remains as mysterious and is
always for us a subject of profound as
tonishment." This radio-activity being communicated
to almost everything adjacent to the sub
stance except lead, the radium Institute
that me French government, or more
properly the University of Paris, is
building for Madame Curie is being lined
completely with lead.
Doctor Henrl-juarttn, grandson of the
great historian, made an announcement,
at the weekly meeting of . the Academy
of Sciences of exceptional Importance to
the study of prehistoric man. At the
foot of a hill In the department of the
Charente the doctor dug up the skull
of a man of the Quaternary Epoch,
showing marked divergences from tne
four or five similar specimens already
extant, notably a very pronounced pro
tuberance at the base of the forehead.
Tho teeth, which are very strong, are
worn right down to the crown, and lead
to the belief that their owner was herb
ivorous. Besides the skull were found
a few broken Instruments and some
.jHher bones, all of the same period, and
the digging Is being continued with the
greatest care In the hope of being able
to unearth the complete skeleton.
Hydrophobia from Fox Illte.
A rase of hydrophobia from the bite
of a fox has Just had Us sequel at the
Pasteur Institute here. Borne, months
ago Captain Bower, the master of a
pack of foxhounds In the " south of
England, while killing a fox which had
been run down by the pack, was bitten
by the animal in its struggles. The
wound healed rapidly, but after three
months, had elapsed ho was seised with
violent convulsions and died In twenty
hours with all the symptoms of hydro
phobia, and medical science was unable
to account otherwise for his death,
Mins Sylvia Bower, his sister, who
kissed him as lie was dying, and the
doctor who attended him were Imme
diately ent over to the Paris Pasteur
Institute, where, although coses of
hydrophobia ao long after the bite had
healed, while almost unheard of, are
not considered impossible, and It was
decided to keep Miss Bower and the
doctor under observation for fifteen
days. That period has elapsed and the
two patients have been discharged with
a clean bill of health.
To Tame I'ortngueae Royalists. .,
The Portuguese government Is pre
paring an act designed to humble the
monarchists .and deprive them of the
means fur financing another rising. All
absentee monarchist land owners or
other Portugueso residing abroad for
political reasons must return to the
country within a term to be named in
tho law or their property will be for
feited to the slate. The property of
those conspiring will be confiscated Im
mediately, ' This decision to seize the property of
those taking an active port in treason
against the present administration will
Include the deposed King Manuel, who,
according to evidence in the hands of
the government, sent his undo, the
Duke of Oporto, to represent him in
the recent uprising. Political prisoners
of tho luwer classes probably will be
exiled to Portuguese African colonies.
They' will. It Is considered likely, be ad
vanced certain sums to start them as
Colonists. , The captured monarchist
loaders will be kept In prison for terms
Corresponding with the degree of their
guilt:
Jnxj F Bailct,
Sanatorium
This Institution Is the only one
In the central west with separate
buildings situated In their own
ample grounds, yet entirely
distinct and rendering It possible
to classify cases. The one building
being fitted for and devoted to the
treatment of noncontagious and
nonmental diseases, no others be
ing admitted. The o(her Rett
Cottage lieing designed for and
devoted to the exclusive treatment
of select mental cases, requiring
(or a time watchful care and spe
cial nursing.
J
CompJetion of inland
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The 0?eal Atlantic 3ae Cba7 L-cm JTevrT&ri to FJorlda.
7iH r$o &2w$h xnuei CCJLutrj like &JJ
(Copyright, 1911, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
ASHINGTON Uncle Sam is
A rl waking up to the value of his
I waterways. The presidential
piauorms oi Dotn parties dur
ing tho coming campaign will
have planks providing for
their conservation, apd the questions of
Irrigation, drainage and a national canal
ystem will be canvassed from the At
lantic to the Pacific and from Canada to
Mexico. The matter Is already before
congress. There has been Introduced Into
the senate a bill providing that $500,000,000
be spent within the next ten years unon
the control of our water resources nH
the scientists tell me that if this i. inn.
It Will result In a aavlnv rt ti r,t tl nm kvi
, n " " v VA.VW.WV,-
000,000 per annum. The trniuuil 1.11.1.
ture is to be made at the rate of 150,000,000
per year. It will cost us each year about
62 cents per capita, and the saving will
t xne rate or 112 per capita, or twentv
times the amount of the expenditure.
This means 2,000 per cent profit, which,
even In these times of multimillionaires
and billion-dollar trusts, la a falrlv anort
Investment. The man at the head of the
movement in the Benate Is Francis d.
Newlands, who has for years ranked .
the leader of the Irrigation and reclama
tion projects, ana who. as Dr. W. J. Mr.
Gee, the secretary of the Inland Water
ways commission, says, is a Quarter of
century In advance of the average states
man on such subjects.
Billions In Water.
But before I take up this area nrni.ni
for the regulation of our rivers I want
to give you some idea of the water un.
ply of the United States, and the part it
has in the welfare of every man, woman
na child of us. The man who knows
more about this than any other In the
country Is Dr. W. J. McQee. and It Is
from him thut the greater Dart of mw
Information comts. During the last week
we have been talking about th. rainf-u
of the United States and where It Koea.
We have discussed our mighty rlvera and
the schemes for their improvement, and
Dr. McGee has laid before
for great series of ship canals which when
completed will result In a savlna of him.
dreds of millions of rinilnr. n
transportation every year.
Our great Irrigation sections of the
west, where an acre or so will sunport
a family, give some Idea of the value
of water In the nrndunin- r .,. t-
- vvu. XI,
McGee tells me that every pound of plant
food we use has required on the average
1,000 pounds of water to make It. So that
if you eat four pounds of vegetable today
iv wouia just take two tons of water.
or all that four horsea rnnM haul .
make that food. It take even more
water to make meat and escs. for th
food of the animals comes from the soil,
and In addition they drink many times
tneir own weight every year. Every
pound of bread la equivalent to two tons
of water used by the growing grain, and
pound of beef Is equal to from thlrtv
to fifty tons of water, which th animal
ha consumed directly or Indirectly
through Its food. I can't tell exactly how
much water each of you consume In this
way every year, but if sou should eat S00
pounds of bread and 200 pounds of meat
you will have consumed altogether more
than 4.000 ton of water In one shape or
another, and this I without counting that
wmcu you use for drlnkiug or bathing.
moreover, as we have more or less food.
we have more or less water, and ao. after
an, it is water which regulates the sis
of our bread basket. Dr. McGee aava
thut we have an annual water supply big
enough to niako food for 1,000.000,000 peo
ple, and he estimates that at tRo current
rate of increase we will have that popula
tion in something lik 300 years. This sup
poses that all the water be properly cared
for, and that Is what congress is now
asked to do.
facie Sam' Water Supply.
Now let us look at the water supply of
the United States!
Dr. Willis Moore of the weather bureau
has estimated that our annual rainfall
averages about thirty inches the United
State over. The best way to measure
this Is by acre feet that Is, by covering a
certain number of acre with water one
foot In depth. Tho yearly supply meas
ured that way would cover B, 000, 000
acres, which In area is equal to 200 states
the size of Ohio, Virginia or Kentucky,
or In volume to ten Mississippi rivers run
ning day and night all the year through.
All this comes from the rain or snow
which fall In one year.
The distribution of this supply, how
ever. Is very common. Draw a lln north
and south across the United Btates, so
that It will blseet Dea Moines, la , and
more than half of all th rain that falls
will he found east of that lln. The aver
age precipitation over that tract Is forty
eight Inches per annum. It 1 the humid
region of our country. From that line
about 500 mile westward Is another ter
ritory whlb may b called aeml-humld.
where th rainfall is about thirty Inches
TS.r. OMAHA
and the whole remainder, consisting of
about two-fifths of our country, Inoludas
the arid lands, where tho average precipi
tation I only twelve Inches. The other
traot Is th region of th deserts, the
mountains and Of th reclamation proj
ects. It 1 a country of a few Wall watered
spot, but also of extensive traot which
are bone dry.
Where tbe Main Go.
Nevertheless, we have, all told, an an
nual rainfall equal to ten Mississippi
river. We hav measured the, quantity
and know that it falls. Where does It
go? I shall ask these high-browed sci
entists to tell you the story. Here again,
McGee Is the best authority. MI mind Is
so sharp that It can spilt a raindrop, and
his vision so clear that ' he can follow
the drop to the skies or to the bowels
of old mother earth. He divide th
rainfall into three the run-off, the fly
off and the cut-off. One-third of all th
water that fall, says he, flow hito the
sea through the rlvera and the smaller
streams. This Is the runoff. A Btnaller
amount toaks Into the soli and saturates
the rocks and finds its way Into the
sea by leaking out into the streams. This
Is the cut-off. The remainder which is
by far the most of the supply, evaporates
and goes Into the air to fall again as
rain. This is the fly-off. This Is the
water, which in connection with that
from the oceans loads the clouds and
drops again upon the land.
Th fly-off Is ao large that If you could
frees It Into cubes a mils square It would
suffice to build an Ice wall from New
York to Detroit. The run-off. If so frozen,
would make such a wall 600 miles long,
and th cut-off, or th water which sinks
Into the soil, would make one long enough
to reach from Philadelphia to Boston.
Oar Undersrroaad Waters.
In addition to tho water which falls
very year, we have another great sup
ply underground, which ha accumulated
and Is fed by the rain and snow which
fall from time to time. This water Is
always moving, but the amount I so
great that It is equal to the entire rain
fall of the United States for seven years
or to the run-off tot twenty years. There
Is to much of It under the surface of
the earth that It has been estimated that
If It were equally distributed It would
wrap around our glob an envelope of
water nlnetly-slx feet In thickness. Mc
Gee estimates that th amount of water
which He under tho United State tp a
depth of 100 feet would. If It could b
raised to the surface and held there',
cover, our whole country to a depth of
seventeen feet H estimates that it
contains 11,000 cublo miles of water, or
enough to build a rampart of Ice two
miles wide and five miles high through
the Mississippi valley from fit. Paul to
8t. Louis and on to New Orleans.
This underground water runs from the
surface, as in th case of swamps and
marshes, to hundreds of feet, and ven a
thousand feet, below the surface. All
th cracks and openings of the rocks are
filled with water, and there are porous
rocks which tak up water like a sponge.
In these about one-fifth of the whole vol
ume la supposed to be stored. It Is this
water which feed our artesian wells and
other wells. It Is this that feed th
plants in great degree, and this that Tur.
nlshea the larger part of our table sup
ply. In some places this water Is pumpod
up and used for Irrigation and In others
it flows on being tapped, and altogether
It is very valuablo Congress will be
asked not only to conserve the forests
that thoy may act as a sponge to retain
this underground water, but to hold it
back In other ways, t
lleaalatlatf th Rivera.
The schemes of Uncle fiamo for eon'
trolling the wuter supply embrace th
whole United State. They provide for
the regulation of the flow of the rivers
and of standardizing them. They pro
vide for great reservoirs along the Mis
sissippi, Uhlo and Missouri, They treat
of drainage and Irrigation and of th
development of our water power. They
also Include the making, by mean of
canals, of a great system of Interior
water transportation, which shall sup
plement our railways, and reduce freight
rate to the merchant and th consumer.
According to Dr. McOee, the scheme
means an annual saving in transporta
tion charges alone of more than three
quarters of a million dollar for every
day of the year, an annual saving In
flood damage vt 150,u00.000 per annum,
and a saving In th washing away of our
nulls of K.OO.OOO.OOO very year. In addition
to this there will be an enormous profit
from th water power created, and
altogether a mighty decrease In the cost
of living should follow.
(tar lalaaa Waterway.
Th plan for thl development have
been worked out In connection with the
commission of inland waterway and
with th bureau of soil of th Agricul
tural department. Benator Nswlands and
the committee of river and harbor hav
bad tb matter under discussion, and In
SUNDAY HKK: NOVUM
Waterways May Reduce Cost
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&i ff$est foeat lake Jeaxoerj tvtZT flvzt dorm 60
time we will have a great waterway
project which will add not only to the
cheapening of all classes of freight and
to the Increase of our Industries, but will
be of enormous military advantage Ip
the defense of our country. '
As far as waterways are concerned,
there are few countries which compare
with the United States. We have a cuss;
Una which, If stretched out, would reach
twice around the world and still leave
14,000 miles to spare. The United Btates
shore line of the great lakes Is hiilt
again as long a from New York to San
Francisco, and the navigable waters of
our rivers, If they could be Joined In one
line, would form a continuous stream
around the globe with a thousand miles
to spare. The Mississippi system alone
has 2,500 miles of waterways which have
a draft of six feet, and our whole country
Is ao cut up by stream that a great sys
tem of canals and rivers could be made
by which the heaviest of our freight
could be carried by water.
Borne Mighty Improvements,
The plans of tho commission, as shown
to me by Dr. McGee, provlda for a deep
waterway from the Gulf of Mexico to the
Great Lakes, and a deep and continuous
Atlantic Interior passage from New F.ng
land to Florida and tho Gulf of Mexico.
Dr. McGee saya that canals could be
built connecting the lower Mississippi
with tho Itlo Grande at Brownsville, Tex.,
and another system In the northwest by
which freight could be carried from the
Columbia river to Puget tound. The proj
ects embrace the deepening of the Missis
sippi and the Chicago drainage canal
and Illinois river so that our men-of-war
could go from the Oulf of Mexico right
Into the Great Lakes. Ail sorts of ocean
transportation could go the same way.
Another provision Is for the Improve
ment of the Ohio. This, It la estimated,
would result In a saving In freight of
something like a hundred million dollars
a year. A third Is the deepening and Im
proving of the Missouri,- so that boats
drawing ten feet could go from the Mis
sissippi at the gulf as far Bat Great Falls.
Mont., a distance of 3.000 miles.
Dr. McUoo says that the Tennessee
river might be Improved so as to give
slack water navigation for ten-foot
barges, and that bargo waterways of
equal depth might be made all along the
Atlantic coast from New York to Florida.
There are many natural waterways there
and the land is such that canals could
be easily dug.
What tbe Consumer Pays.
Have you any Idea how much money
you have to pay to the railroads? It
comes out of you in the pi Ice of the goods
you buy, In yotir own traveling, ami In the
cost to the general business of the coun
try, which U based upon your consump
tion". The Bum w annually pay for trans
portation Is- about one-third as much
as the value of all the product of our
farmc. It equals I.TO.OW.OOO, muklng a tax
upon the fioll tnm to U j ppr ucre fot
the entire mainland of tho United .States.
Taking the'' Improved land, it Ih etia!
to a tax of I0.IS upon every acre, and.
comparing It with our population, It Is
equal to $30 per year for every man,
woman and child In the union.
Thirty dollars a year Is t:.U) a month.
.Suppose you should receive a bill every
month of from the railroads, or of
112.50 per month for your family of five.
Wouldn't It Jar you? Well, thut Is what
you pay.
During the year It costs on the aver
age every family lj0. Now, the aver
age cost of living the Unltod States
over Is nut more than Ho pr fuinlly,
so that one-third of our llvlut; cost goes
to the railroads.
Water FrelKuta a. tbe Itullroada.
These are figures given me by Dr. Mc
Gee. lie tell mo, moreover, that the
cost of water transportation , nn the
average, only about one-fourth that of
rail transportation, and that the greater
part of the heavy freight might Be taken
by water, leaving to the railroads the
lighter fi eight, for which higher prices
are paid, and which is by far the inor
profitable. As It Is now, the railroads
have more than they can carry, and It la
HKK 5, 1911.
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' ,"1' ''O' r' - ' ''
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The best that weavers can put into their fabrics and the care
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The SINCERITY label pledges that every part and process of the tailoring
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of Living
believed that thl syslvin of canals
would so iiirresKrt the traffic that the
railroads would still have all and more
tlian they could do. Tholr bunnpss would
pny better end the dividends would be
correspondingly Increased. It la the Idea
that the railways and waterways might
co-operate here as they do in Kurope,
and that together they would work not
only to the advantage of the companies
owning them, but to that of the con
sumer. Both would be under n Inter
tat commission, a their business is be
tween states.
Ther are some railway men who loolt
upon such a combination ns one of th
necessities of the future. Among those
who have th broadest views is Jamea
J. Hill. He says that railroad trans
portation cannot be performed at much
loss thnn ' cent ,t ton per mile. The
ratrs on lion ore on tho frreat lake are
about 1 mill per ton rw'r mile, while the
nme ore carried by railroads costs ten
timed as much.
As It Is now, the government is spend
ing trni of millions of dollars a year on
rivers and harbors, and a great part of
thin Is polltlcnl rraft. Tho money goes
to tlie Improvement rf creeks and other
waterway a which have no commercial
Importance, and It Is renlly an appro
priation bill for the benefit of the repre
sentatives In their Individual districts.
Tho amount spproprinted last year was
a little more thnn ftl.ooo.OCO.
Among the Important works under way
are the Improvement of the Ohio and
MUatsslppI, the deepening of th chan
nels In the Delaware river at Philadel
phia In th Hudson river at Troy, and
at Mobile, and at Oakland. Cal. A con
siderable work has been done at Balti
more and New York, sa well as at
Galveston, where the entrance channel
has been deepened to thirty-four foet.
The government t making surveys for
a deep water channel from Ixirkport, III.,
at th end of the Chicago drainage canal
to th Mississippi river at Cairo, and the
state of New York has about half com
pleted the making of a new barge canal
twelve feet deep from Lake Krle at Buf
falo to the Hudson river. The route Is
from Buffalo to Home along the line of
the old Erie canal, and from Home to the
Hudson It Is a cannllsatlon of the Mo
hawk river. The state U authorised to
spend 1101.000,000 on the project, and it
Is probable that the whole amount will
be needed. FRANK O. CAIIPKNTBR.
V I
II WlHea.
The elttssn looked Indignant.
"No," he said. "I wasn't going more
than twelve miles an hour."
"Ton were going forty," the office
pleasantly remarked.
The oltlsten suddenly smiled.
"OH. well," he said, "a UHlo dlffereno
of twenty-eight miles shouldn't part old
frlands. What Is It this tlmn, McDougal
a warning or an arrest?" Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
oilj mi
ervit
