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ttie r.r:r:.- omaiia, ttt-sdav. rnr.muKv :i. mil.
mini ?i,T. g? k it
jJIUBBER AND ITS USEFULNESS
i
IViiter Tricei it from Plantation to
the Tire Factory.
ally platl. The?
about three fret loin. I
"eilrk."' v lilt li a it
r tf tni a Hy knonn
The thliil airp In the procr of tlre
maklna I" to thoroughly tnsillcste the;
"1ump." When It l Mine to plant new j vtieit and dried
EATHEXIflG THE RAW PRODUCT
jTnTert Ins ( mdr llihhrr from Ita
Raw lata AntnmoMIe
Tire la an Important Tart
la Motorln.
One) ff th feature of the A. I A. M.
(how number cf the Automohlle m on ar
ticle entitled "The rtrlitn of Rubber.1' The
first Inntallment of the article dealt IUi
the uroath of the ulant Industry com
frlaed under the head of rubber production.
The article In nuetlon recciintad tin-
flrnt line of rubber, noting that the fli.-U
bit eeen In Rrftlnnd was brought there
n 1771 and wan named rubber because It I
proved useful In erasing pencil marks. In
3fCI KBllora from the Amazon valley I
arras of ri:bher the "stnnirs" afe trans
ported from Malar Mute, as ba been tii
rase here the I'ara rubber plantation In
dustry has been Inn iiaiira ted In Sarawak.
Pouth Porneo, rerta'n eectlnns of fiiillsh
North Borneo, up from f'.artlra In British
Oulana. on the Karlmon Islands a shurt
dlslauce south .;nRflpore. etc. Ti e trees
I having been planted, the chief future can '
required la to Keep t'te Innrt free from
. weeds until the trrra shall have reached
' surh a point that their Hhaile will prevtnt
the (rrowth of tinucrbniFh. If the rrounn
Is quickly covered with plants the K'owih
of itraea and underbrush will be prevented
and the bother of weeding will lc avulnrd.
Throughout the districts heir para i ubbei
Is being cultivated, and especially in Hrltisn
North Borneo, the bills of BrlCsh ('.ulaiiH
and the Malay vtates, use. Is made of the
sweet potato vino to prevent the comlns up
of weeds, and the system Is proving k
Kirat micccm. Within a space of four
months the vines form a thick mass, thor
oughly covering; the around. It Is the policy
of the planters to let some of the potatoes
v.A.ifli 1 1 , ru-al fiitihr ihnH Into the
' i rliiBln n n tliA rnnnil n-lire llijit' ia! llnita
Vnlted Plates. In 1M CSoodyear vuk-a
rubber. It as trnnsplanted from the
Amazon to Ceylon, and ;n 1 scientific
cultura was Instituted on a commercial
basin. The world's production last year
waa 152.!97,7' pounds. Tha record high
price waa touched In April. If 10. when
rubber aold In the market for $3.12 a pourd.
Tha field la being constantly enlaraed for
tha production of cultivated rubber, but
tha chief source of supply Is from the wild
planta. The Philippines. Oulanas and the
German tropical possessions are being
added to the field as well as the iist
Indies.
The earliest record of rubber tracee back
to 1710. In 119 Charles Mcintosh, of Scot
land, discovered that rubber wan soluble
In naphtha. The rubbcrlaed cloth used for
raincoats was one result of his discovery.
The ptartlcal use of rubber really began
with the process of vulcanisation which
renders If mora permanent In form and
more appllcHble to commercial wants.
The world's supply of rubber today, ex
clusive of CuhviiIk and Tontlanao, la di
vided Into three classes, nami-ly pais, plan
tation and other sorts. Plantation rubber
refers to the product of the Malay and
Ceylon plantations, the trees producing- a
Quality of rubber n-hloh Is Identical with
para rubber. The price of. the two kinds
of rubber Is Identical. The price of all
.varieties of rubber la based on uprlver fine
Fara, the term I'ara being used to desig
nate the rubber that is gathered along the
Amazon river and Its tributaries from spec
imens of the tree known b tank-ally as
Hevea, Uraslllensla.
The Congo and Mexico produce Inferior
a-rads of rubber, considerable guayule
coming from the latter country.
The price of rubber Is never based m the
uncertainty of Jhe outcome of the current
year's crop. It can be estimatef" within
1.000 tons.
Mmr Rnkhrr Plantations.
There are Rf.S.SO! acres devoted to the
plantation rubber Industry in the whole of
Malaysia, where fiM estates arc main
tained. The plantation rubber areas In
Bnrfiea. British Guiana, compr se IS.CO)
ere. The Gorman colonies In Africa at
the presvnt time have about J.Mu acrea
planted In rubber. (
The highest prtlce to which rubber baa
mounted since fe became a commercial
commodity was 13.12 per pound In April.
1910.
Under the Influence of a sufficient output
of plantation rubber, the price may he
driven bnck to the basis of ISM and iVS.
respectively, when rubber wns quoted at
XI and tl.tt per pound. I
There Is an export duty of IS to 22 per
cent on rubber, aggregating something like
29 to 44 centa per pound. I
It costs only TK cents pt pound to de
liver rubber in New York or London.
To mbrk In the Industry of raising
plantation rubber It la necessary, as In
eny other line of agricultural enterpr'se,
to begin st the beginning. The first work
to be accomplished Is the clearing of the
forest lands. The process Is decidedly Am
pler than clearing for agricultural require
ments. A directed corps of 3t) or 400 skilled
wuodchoppers manage to do the work In
a surprisingly short space of time. Except
for the lopped branches th? feld trees
are left to lie where they have fallen. The
heat of the tropic sun dries the branches
very quickly and they are gathered to
gether at various points In the clearing by
the coolies and set on fire. The process
of flame-clearing leaves the logs and
lumps to gradual disintegration.
Impart the Stamps.
Kxpertence has proven that In the next
step relative to planting rubber time Is
gained by importing 'stumps" and setting
them out. In the case of planting from
rubber seeds It is Imperative that the aeeds
ahall be developed in a nursery, and that
the seedlings shall have nine months of
growth, at wlilch time they will be from
one-half to three-fourths of an Inch In
diameter. Upon the other hsnd. If the sap- j
lings are taken at any time before they j
are l year old and the roots be cut off and j
the top looped, the "stick." upon being put
Into the ground, will root Itself, and at '
ui mm months rorm a tree aa
vigorous as If It had grown where origin-
constituting themselves Into a splendid
fertilizer to the soil, the planta meantime
continuing to develop and form a fine cov
ering for the trees until they . are old
enough to tap. Within four years from the
time of planting the "stump'' the para tree
reaches a circumference of sixteen to
twenty Inches. A sandy loam Is best suited
to the successful growth of Hevea Brasl
liensls., or para rubber. Rolling, elevated,
loamy ground, at an altitude of from ten
to l.v) feet above the river level, lends itself
most profitable to the Industry.
GA X, 2 RUBBER hhpdvl
Collect In a the I.ates.
The process of gathering the crude prod
uct of t ie rubber planta1 Ions Is by col
lecting the milk or latex'whlrh flows from
cuts made In the bark of the rubber trees.
Tho process of coagulating follows. This
Is a very simple part of the work of getting
the product Into marketable shape. The
caoutchouc, as the rubber element of the
latex Is known. Is separated from tho
watery portion by containing the latex In
shallow dishes. The latex, after rising to
the top, very much after the manner in
which cream rises on a pan of milk, is
skimmed off and shaped Into "biscuits"
preparatory to being washed and packed
for shipment. No expensive machinery la
used.
Now that tha United States government
Is Interesting Itself In the industry, o,000
para rubber seeds having been transported
from the Government botanical Gardens
In Singapore to the Philippines, the sub
ject Is getting near home. It will not be
long before the North American colonies
will be in tho march with other countries
wlilch arc raising plantation rubber. Men
who have given their beet thoughts to thla
subject have found out that nature is un
able to supply the world's demand for rub
ber, the 1:0-.' crop, omitting plantation rub
ber, having fallen 1.000 tons short of the
,10n5 ' production.' These men have proven
thut the plantation rubber Industry has
most encouraging phases, as It readily
lends Itself to agricultural assistance
Convert to Tire I e.
Converting gum rubber from Its raw
state Into an automobile tire Is a process
that occupies an Important part in motor
ing. There are a doxen steps involved in
this branch of manufacture, each of
which must be taken with the utmost
nicety and precision in order to attain the
best results. ,
American tires are generally based upon
that grade of crude rubber, known aa
pure Para, which Is produced In ' the
Amaxon river valley in Braall. Thla Is de
livered to the factories In semi-spherical
bodies, weighing as much as 100 pounds
each.
The first thing that is done to the crude
is to wash It thoroughly to remove foreign
matter. This is accomplished by rolling It
in machines fitted with warm rollers and
bathing It In water. Its shape la changed
materially during this process, which
breaks up the original mass so that the
bath will reach every part of the rubber.
The washing usually removes from one to
four per cent of the bulk of the rubber
and In the final stage of washing the mass
Is porous and sticky, looking strikingly
like dark sponge. It Is rolled out Into thick,
flat layers of spongy substance on the
cylinders, when It Is known to the tire
making trade as "crepe."
Rrmof Ins Foreign Matter.'
The effect of the washing Is to remove
not only the small sticks, stones, vegetable
and animal Impurities, but also to lighten
the color of the rubber. This Is because
the action of the water and the rollers Is
to cleanse the rubber of some of the ef
fects of the smoking that was given the
gum in temporarily preparing it for mar
ket. The "crepe" is stored In masses,
awaiting subsequent steps In the course of
manufacture and while so stored soon
darkens on the surface from theeffects
oi tne oxygen in the air until it Is even
more opaque and deeper in hue than It
was upon being received.
The next step is to dry out a certain
! amount of the original moisture contained
j In the crude rubber and to remove the
water Introduced In the washing. This Is
done by evaporation and gentle pressure
j between warm rolls or in trays which are
ubjected to a moderate degree of heat.
rubber In preparation
for the addition of sulphur and other
canlzlng elements ami to reduce It to a
condition where It nisy be more readily
handled In manufacture.
This Is , accomplished by converting the
dried rubber Into minute grains and
shreds by means of friction rolls and mix
ing with it the sulphur snd chemhats.
The vulcanizing chemicals gle the rub
ber a pale, unhealthy color, which does
not leave It until the final step in tlrc-
maklng has been finished. After being j
mixed, the mass Is rolled out into sheets '
and still considered crude rubber, is cslled j
"mixed stock." on account of the addition j
of the chemicals.
The f;fth st-) Is the first actual progress
that Is made !n the making of tires. The
sheets of "mixed stock" are tnkn to the
making room where It Is shaped Into tires.
Sen Island Cotton.
In preparing the rubber for Ita 'ultimate
i'se tho tire makers have been biy 'n the
meantime In assembling cotton fabric of
11. : heaviest and alronrtest kind of :ea-ti-land
cotton. In the iivetsse tire ihe
s mount of this cotton cloth used varies
from ?5 to 31 per cent and ns the tires
weigh when flnlshd all the way from ten
to thirty-five pounds or more, the aggre
gate amount of cotton used figutcs cut to
sn enormous total. In making the cloth
ready for the tire manufacture the work
men wit the clolh with a Ityer of "mixed
stock" and by means of rollers assorl.ite
the gum with tho fabric with much com
pleteness. Thla product is called "frio.lon
cloth."
The making of the tire then commences.
In the room sre many moulds made of
1'on In the shape of the Inside of a shoe.
These are , mounted so that they :nay be
turned around with ease by the workmen.
A foundation" for' the shde' Is then laid.
Next a layer of the friction cloth ia placed
upon the shsper and cut to meet the
various curves of the tire. On top of this
anothef layer of cloth is placed and an
other and another until the rlorht dearee of
thickness has been attalmd. This varies
ftnm four to six plies of "friction cloth."
depending upon the style of tire to be
made. Upon this strong shield of cloth
I and rubber a thick stratum of "mixed
j stoch" is laid and It In turn Is covered
j with another ply of "friction cloth." Over
nnd around this body the main portion of
the tire Is built.
FATE OF AMERICAN DRAMA
IN THE HANDS OF FAIR SEX
Leading; New York Masaser Finds
Ttaer Form Aenrlr Seventy rr-r
Cent of Attendance.
NEW YORK, Feb. SO. At the request of
the department of dramatics at. Harvard
university, a leading New York theatrical
manager had accurate account kept at the
door of five large playhouses last week to
prove his contention that the predominance
of women attending the theater really
places the fate of American drama In the
hands of thst sex. The general proportion
of women at the nightly performance was
between 8 and 69 per cent.
Eveiv type of attraction save musical
comedy was Included. Kven a farce, de
signed to appeal particularly to men.
showed a percentage of (5 per cent In
feminine attendance.
r
Tlpplnar Not Modern.
Tipping Is by no means a modern nui
sance, and. In fact, seems to have been
even worse In the good old times than it Is
today. The views of George I on the aub
Ject have fortunately been reported by
Walpole. "This Is a strange country," re
marked his majesty. "The first morning
after my arrival at St James I looked out
of the window and saw a park, with walks
and a canal, -which they told me were mine.
The next day Lord C , the manager of
my park, sent me a fine brace of carp out
of my canal, and I waa told that I must
give five guineas to his servant for bringing
me my own carp, out of my own canal, In
my own park."
One hundred and twenty-four years later
the tip system reached such a state of per
fection at Hampton court that persons who
wanted to view the rooms were literally
held up at the door of each apartment. If
the tip waa not forthcoming the victim got
no further,' and In one Instance, when a
leaser-than the customary fee waa given,
the door was closed on the penurious one,
and he had ample time for reflection before
he was released. In Italy many of the
servants of the princely houses or of the
palaces of the cardinals receive no wages
at all. as the tips which time honored cus
tom entitles them to claim from visitors
are ample provision.
Many an American hostess pays her ser
vants extra so that this evil of tipping will
not go on under her roof. One, In de
fense of her extravagance, as some of her
friends of foreign birth deemed thla prac
tice, said: "All my friends are not rich
and tips on the occasion of every visit
would bs a great drain upon their re
sources. Also, those able to afford only
small tips would never have the attention
that the more liberal would get. So I en
gage my domestics with the understanding
that dismissal follows tip taking, and
make known to every visitor that there
must be no gratuities." New Tork Tribune.
A
I
morma
tion for
Yisito
rs
On entering the
and proceed down
Auditorium .today turn to the
the aisle. Bv the time vou are
left
half
down, I will see you You must see my new cars
EIGHTEEN years ngo the first Apperson car was built. It was
a success. It established the Apperson. But it ia a far
better car today than it waa then. And while there is a gap ihe
chanically between the car of seventeen years ago and my three
splendid 1011 models in the Auditorium", priced from $'i.000 to
$4,-00, there is positively no break in Apperson leadership.
When you buy an Apperson Jack Rabbit car your money is
invented in experience, not experiment.
Absolutely no car can climb a hill like the Apperson.
Its endurance from one year's end to the other ia unequalled.
It will go longer without repairs.
Cost less to operate and keep up than any car at any price.
See He Today
The Mitchell-Lewis Motor Company is not conducting any bargain sales this
season. From the inception of its career it has carefully avoided the pitfalls ol trade hysteria.
The Mitchell Car was not excessively . priced in the first place, therefore it has nothing to retract.
It has always sold well and made good in the second place and its makers, therefore, stand before
the public with a perfectly clean conscience, a good car arid a most successful business.
We have nothing with which to. reproach ourselves. We have no false explanations to
make, no vain regrets to express. Where others have over-produced, we have hewn to the line of conservatism.
Where others have spent fortunes in advertising, we have been content with modest and infrequent announcements.
The Mitchell Car ana the Mitchell service have done our talking for us and sold our entire product every year. Where ,.
others, who have yielded to hysteria, are now "dickering" and viewing the w orld through smoked glasses, we are
optimistic and banking on an assured future. f
We have taken the liberty this year of increasing our prices somewhat. That is due to the
additional cost we have put in construction and modern development. Moreover, we have added a top to our
equipment,, besides eras lamps, generator, increased tire 'surface and other items which we considered necessary to
increase Mitchell e mciency. 1 Tie increased cost to produce is not entirely covered by the increased price, fr, as a
matter of fact, w are making less profit than ever before while giving you an improved car. We are more than
satisfied over the outlook as we are aware at , this hour that there is a greater demand for Mitchells than v c
can possibly supply. ' "
Tell us what other company in the world is producing a high-grade Six-cylinder, Seven
Passenger, 130-inch wheel base touring car that sells for as little as $2,250. Show us the equal of the Mitchell Six
for less than $4,000 or $5,000. Tell us what other concern is producing a high-grade four-cylinder, five passenger,
112-inch wheel base, 30 actual horse-power touring car that sells for as little as the Mitchell "T" at $1,500. Show
us a car that equals the Mitchell ."T" under $2,500 or $3,000. Show us the factory that is making a high-grade four
cylinder, four passenger, 30 actua. horse -power touring car. that sells for as little as the Mitchell 'R" at $1,200.
Point to the factory mat makes as good a car under $2,000 or $2,500.
" ,' . , -' .' . ; . . : , ' i - . ' ,'- i, , , ' ,
The Mitchell Service
The Company has stationed "Trouble Men" in various parts of the country whose sole duty is
to look after Mitchell cars and make good everything that goes wrong without expense to the owner. This is
a great asset to an owner.
The Mitchell Space in the Chicago Automobile Show it Section K, Coliseum
V X MEMBERS
j Mitchell Au
'-' ' Successor a to
Farna.ni Street
' ' "'ll'"'' '''' ' ' - h ... . -h. j I "'Mil .ii,
LICENSED UNDER. 3 ELD EH PATENT
LXA. DISTRIBUTERS
tomobile Company
Coit Automobile Company
Omaha, NVb-
APPERSON ADT0 CO.,
1102 F.rnam St.
Manager.
Model D, thirty-eight-horse-power, six-cylinder hve-passen-'
ger touring car.
-FJRMMM-
Blow-outs are the big item of tire expense, fTires
on Franklins do not blow out, they wear out naturally.
Service in excess of HMXK) miles is common.
The Franklin Model D is the first among all road
cars. It is the fastest, easiest running and mo?t com
fortable car of its size built. It has only one superior,
the Franklin Model H.
GUY L. SMITH,
2205 FifBim Street,
Of! All A, NB
Persistent Advertising is the Hoad to Big Iteturns
The Bee's Advertising Columns Are That Koad.
A I CD I
V ' I nrM mmin4 VwrV i aV'Vi
4-s
Tides the Envied Winner of ihs Vanderbiit Cup
Thi World's Masterplaei of Automobl!. Design and Construction
Th only stock car that erer won the Vanderbiit t'u, the only car
that ever won it two yearn In aiiow-sslon, and the only car that eer
"stood up" and flnlnlied In two audi racea. Keniember tho aauin
AIiCO won both races!
A car that has so remarkably demonstrated to all the world Its su
perior qualities that a purchaser gains " sense of security, of
prestige, and a confidence that are priceless.
Huilt by the American Locomotive Company, which has concen
trated upon this car all the Intimate knowledge of every kind of steel
gained through generation? of analyzing and ttnff, combined
with knowledge of manufacturing accumulated tnroufch the experi
ence of bulling 45, (KM) locomotives.
SIX OMNI) Kit, sixty-horsepower touring ravs, ftt.OOO.OO; four
cylinder forty-horsepower touriug cars, $1,500.00; town cars with
limousine or landaulet bodies, either twenty-two, forty or slity
horsepower. All cars fully equipped, Including top, Continental Q.
I. aixl detachable rims. The I IHST TIMK TMK MA O H H K Kll
IIKKX RIIOWN IX OMAHA W'II-1. UK AT THK ALIO SHOW KKII.
20 H) 23, Inclusive, in spare 11.
American Locomsiive Co.
JACK SHARP, Omaha Agint
219 South Fourteenth Street