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TIIK OMAHA SlNIAY IHili: (MTOKf).K IT.. 1!li.
Soil Culture Experts Instruct Farmers in Modern Methods
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MARSHALL CoCTNTY VZSITOH3 AT SIXTJS COLZVJZ TV SOZi ZTiATAVyrO
WITH VT.If. STEVUNSONS AS TEACHER.
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UCCEB3 In flatterlnr measur
I liai th 1rir of th
I Hf li-iKtun rallroail'8 Iowa KoIl
ifi!i p;'.l, nt 'iiiiiiiiK in
Juliiixnn, who is travrllns; wltH
lh train. Mr. Jotinmm cay
that "In three days out from Ie Molnea
fully 15.000 people have been abnard th
rara In the varloua utops, or have been ad
dreHited In overflow meellngB on derot
platforms."
Starting from Inrilanola Monday nmrn
lnR. Octobor 10, the train has stopped for
twenty to thirty minutes at nine or ten
towns each day. During this week It will
follow a similar routine.
Mr. Johnson says the towns In south
veBt Iowa have produced crowds even
greater than In any other section. The
reputation of the "Soils special" and the
men who are doing the lecturing has gone
ahead of It everywhere. Experienced and
observant practical farmers have found In
the demonstrations presented and the
pertinent facts brought out Just the sort
of Instruction for which their minds have
been hankering.
With the train on Its trip through Iowa
are Professors Stevenson, Snyder, Stewart
and Houser of the Iowa Agricultural col
lege. Speaking constantly, and on sub
jects of widely they are maeters, these
experts have pleased the people Immensely
by their apt Illustrations and ' easily un
derstood Instruction. Despite the generally
conceded fertility of the soil of the state,
even under the happenstance method' of
farming that has prevailed, they have
brought home to their hearers the solid
fact that thla aoil needs building up. They
have specified exactly how its crop
nutrients have been depleted, and havexln
dicated plainly how It can be built up by
wise treatment and -easily applied methods
of conservation.
The baslo things, it has been pointed
out, are rotation of crops, proper drain
age, the use of native manures, which
have been largely wanted, and the feeding
of live stock on the farm Instead of sell
ing the grain .to tha elevator man. Pro
fessor Iloldcn, at every opportunity, has
Impressed on the farmers and other visi
tors to the train that, next to educating
the boys and girls of today, there Is no
question as Important as 'this one of soli
conservation and the application of busi
ness sense and business niothods to the
farm.
Mr. Johnson dwellsn the fact that this
most practical development of agricultural
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ertwittlrm ha taken mush-. hold n tha dsenasa of thought Is made neoessary br
teople of the places visited that hlgn the brief time given to each stop, with the
schools are dismissed when the train Is r. f ult that the talkers have cut out evcry-
due. all along the line of travel, and the thing but the essentials of their topics,
young people are out to hear the dls- Southern Iowa has what Is known as a,
cusslons by the lecturers. He also as- ..gard pa.. BO wlth qualitloa peculiarly
sens that the demand for such education. Ha own, and Prot vennon haa been de
ns n nicuuy ming is so strong It Is a
question of but a ahort time until the
science of agriculture and domestic econ
omy will he brought Into the rural and
town schools pf Iowa. An Interest has
been created and . an ambition has been
'aroused" that 'will compel the school au
thorities to provide the trained teachers
necessary to outline and apply the les
sons now being 'roughly sketched by the
men on the special train.
Taking Mr. Johnson's figures of attend
ance for the three first days as Indicating
tha general Interest In the enterprise put
on wheels by the Uurllngton railroad, and
it Is readily found that In the two weeks
the special will be out this time over
50.000 people will have Inspected the ex
hibits In the car and had the benefit of
the discussions of the scientists aboard.
These men answer questions, too, and get
right down to the meat of the real things
their bearers desire to know about. Every
body is made, welcome-on the speclaj, ond
all classes of the community are cor
dially Invited to hear the talks.
The easy possibility of doubling the
amount of crops now produced on the or
dinary farm is forcibly brought "home to
the owners by Professor Stevenson. He
goes into details In such a way that hla
present mont Is bound to have a most
beneficent effect on the work of the men
who are willing to listen and learn. Con-
voting some of his time to presenting in
forming data touching this soil. He ex
plains Just what methods to adopt and
what fertilisers to use in multiplying the
crop yield, and then takes up the question,
of how. to drain heavy, wet land and put
It In prime condition for crop growing. That
millions of acres of the upland prairie soil
of southern Iowa needs drainage on a well
digested plan is well known, and tha
scientists on the soils special give soma
attention to this problem. They hold thla
drainage of the uplands is fully as neces
sary as It Is to drain the marsh lands of
the northern section ofvthe state; and they
go further and enter into details of Just
how this drainage is to be brought about.
Proper rotation of crow, on any given
kind of soil, to get the very best result
is discussed with conscientious care by the
lecturer. They explain the necessity fop
an abundant supply of nitrogen and humua
in the soils where crops are to be raised,
and In . this connection proved fertilizers
are told about, how much of each to use,
and when. Production and care of fertilizer
on the average farm Is also gone into In
telligently, and the sinfulness of waste of
this very material product of the home
farm is brought home to the crowds of
farm owners and operatives.
Many a man, hearing these lectures and
discussions with an open mind audi ready
to adopt what is proved good, will have
IN CHAAbE Of SOUS XrEAStOW, t.A.C.
, EDWARD H. HUNTER
TOSS JIOOXZS HEZ'JiE&&JTA-fIVE C.B.KQ.
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G.JG.STAYNER-sec.agql xrttso
W.H.STZWARTsrtASHtNQTOf, IOWA
HA USEJZ -1 'scon a . 'o v f
oooaalon' later on to stay' ba bad for- years
been fanning, at least haphazard, If not
entirely In the wrong way.
This traveling exhibition of modern rail
way enterprise, practically bringing useful
and welcome education to the people of a
large section of farming country, is put
on wheels by the Uurllngton railroad at
lta own axpeoael and tha Interested rsibllo
Is given every opportunity to see, examine,
hear fend learn. The men who present the
lessons and the facts, and demonstrate the
possibility of largely increased and better
crops, are of established reputation In the
departments of soil study, farm manage
ment, rotatioa of crops, care and handling
of - fertilisers, drainage, ant the Vlndpwl
sulijei ts touched on. They have mastered
the science of agriculture and have ap
plied their knowledge practically. They
ai not theorists, but workers and produc
ers, who know tho secret of making two
blHdes of gravs grow where but one grew
before. They are doing a work which was
undreamt of when man In middle Ufa, no-4
working farms, began their labors actively)
as the heads of farm households; and re
suits gained In recent years by tho methods
and means they advocate have fully Justi
fied their claims that farming, so far a
crop production Is concerned, is yet In lis
infancy.
Electrical Developments
-WlrrlrSB Distance Heoord.
UK Marconi Wireless Telegraph
0r I company got word from Its
I I London station on the 4th Inst.
A I Ur xiup.inni whn Is near
Uuenos Ayies, had received
messages at that point from
Ulace Hay, N. S., and from Cllfden, Ire
land. Those two points are about equidis
tant 'from Argentina, and it Is estimated
that the new record is about 5,000 mile".
The Marcoui people say thftt this far
exceeds their best previous record, re
' porta the New York Sun. The United
States battleship Tennessee more than a
year ago picked up a message from San
t'lanclsco when the Tennessee was 4,ii0
miles away. In November, 190U, the Pacific
Mull steamship Korea sent a message to
the United Wireless station at San Fran
cisco from a point at sea 3,300 miles to
the westward and then repeated the per
formance when she had reached a point
4. Tit) miles west of San Francisco. The
Marconi company believes 'that the mes
sages received by Mr. Marconi in Argen
tina establish a new record.
oinhiiiation Linuiuotlvf.
A long, strange-looking locomotive with
smokestack ill the rtar, cooler pipes In
front, and the locomotive engineer and
fireman In between, has Just made 1U ap
pliance In Glasgow, and has attracted
widespread attention in railway circles. The
siium iji produced In its boiler, but Instead
of turning the driving wheels. It works, a
turbine which drives a dynamo, thus gen
eratlng electricity for actuating the motors.
The nominal power of the engine Is equal
to about l.on) horse-power. The locomotive,
not being dependent on live rail nor wires,
can travel over any railway. It has ben
culled the electrlc-tui bo locomotive.
Not long ago Mr. Hugh Reld. In his
pi evidential address to the Olasgaw En
gineering society, thus doscrlbea the steam
turbine electric machine, which Is other
wise spoken of as the Held-Kamsay looo
motlve. Steam is generated In a boiler of
the ordinajry locomotive type, which Is
fitted with a superheater, coal and water
being carried In aid bunkers and tanks.
Steam from the boiler Is lead to a turbine
of the Impulse type, running at a apeed of
1 OoO revolutions per minute, to which la
directly coupled a continuous current vari
able vo!le dyiuuno. This dynamo aup
iJiea current and pressures varying from
- to 6oo volts to four series-wound trac
tion, mpio.s, the armalaiea of which, are on
tij fwur main or U"lla axlea of the loco
motive. The exhaust steam from the tur
bine Is condensed and eventually flows into
the hot well carried on the engine.
As the steam turbine requires no internal
lubrication, the water of condensation is)
free from oil, and -can be drawn from thai
hot well and forced into the boiler as re
quired. The wtiter exaporated by the
boiler .Is therefore returned again to tha
boiler, and is practically simply the ve
hicle used in the cycle of change where (he
energy residing in the coal Is made to do
the work of turning the wheels and so
moving the engine and train. ,
The condensation of the exhaust steam
deprives the locomotive of the blast which
stimulates the fire In ordinary locomotives.
The forci-d draught Is in this case provided
by the use of a small turblne-drlven fan.
This fan Is placed within the-tooler which
produces a circulation of air in the elec
tric generators. The fan, therefore, draws
cold air into the cooler and delivers warm
air to the fire.
The whole locomotive la mounted on a
strong underframe, and Is carried on two
eight-wheel compound trucks, so built as
to curve easily. The machine is Intended
for express passenger main line work, and
is really a traveling electric power housa
on wheels.
Kleetrlrlty Aids Herd.
According to Prof. Silas Wentvorth of
Lob Gatos, Cal., his experiments with elec
tric influence on animal and vegetable life
at his experimental farm on the Tyler
place, near Rose vl lie, during the past year,
have proved that electricity will more than
double the lamb crop and greatly Increase
the yield of wool. A band of !,0u0 sheep
was divided, one-half being placed In a
field under the power wires of the Great
Weatern Power company, while others
were kept In a field away from the elec
trio Influence. In the field under the high
potential electric power lines the produc
tion of lambs averaged a fraction over two
lambs to each ewe. la the adjoining field,
wlitire the electrical Influence was lacking,
the lambs averaged less than on to each
we. Similar differences were noted in the
yield of wool from sheep In the different
fields. Fleece from sheep In the electric
Influenced field proved 30 per cent heavier.
Preparations are now being made to
plow up both fields and plant wheat
Tha ppwer company will be asked to ex
tend power ' lines throughout the entire
Tyler field, that the influence of the elec
tric current may be increased. Prof.
W out worth believes, that tha - jiold of
Men Who Deal with Commercial Electricity
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DELEGATES TO TETB VTESTKRV ELHCTRICAX, INSPECTORS OONVENTIOTT.
taken from his results and those o4 othei
autliorltles and printed In the LondorA
Times: ,
Intrinsto.
Iliuminant. . Brilliancy.
Candle 0.64
Petroleum lamp 0 M
(!as flame 07S
.Incandescent gas burner fi i
Acetyllne flame
t'nrbon filament glow lamp Kti.s
Metallic filament glow lamp 2IH.fi
Arc lamp t3.(Vi0
Sun at zenith tw.ooj'
In candles per sq. cm. tApproxlmate.
Many prominent ennlneers and ocullsta
In lifferent parts of the world agree that
the exposure of these new brilliant sources
within the field of view may be lnjurluua
'to the eyes, and is in any case very Incon
venient and troublesome. Everybody In
fact Is aware of tha paralyzing effect of
looking for a long period straight at a
naked filament or Incandescent mantle.
The eye in attempting to adapt Itself to
such bright sourcea rapidly becomes
fatigued; and light so used can be defi
nitely said to be detrimental to eyesight
besides being most wasteful la practice.
Men who use their eyes In writing
through the day require specially perfect
condition of Illumination If their ayes are
not to suffer. It is probable that In many
cases a comparatively alight change In
the position of the lamps and fixtures pro
vided would not oidy yield a much mors
satisfactory ilumlnatlon. but enable consid
erable economies to be made. It Is ob
vious that as different buildings serve en
tirely different purposes the arrangement
of the lighting' will have to be specially
designed in each case. In particular tha
amount of light required in each caae
will differ. Naturally the illumination of
a book read by a child at school niay he
very different from that required In a rail
way yard or in a picture gallery or mu
seum, In which objects are examined at
some Utile distance. What Is needed Is to
standardize, as far as possible, the condU
tions in different cases, and In order to d
this proper apparatus and methods of
measurement are essential.
Married in a Canoe.
wheat In tha Tyler, field will be over 100
per cent heavier than in the adjoining
field.
Arraxratit of Llchtlna;.
The increased Interest now taken by the
general public In Illuminating engineering
la perhaps due to the fait that it has come
to be recognized that It is quite as Im
portant to ariange the position of lights
wisely, and to equip theut with proper
ahadea and reflectors, as to hrrr the tnwt
eftiole.nt type of lamp. Yet many miscon
ceptions and much confusion in the Ideas
of jeople on this subject are still preva
lent. For example, 'the suggestion is not
Infrequently heard that electric light or
some other system of illumination is bad
for tho eyes, whereas, probably, it is the
misuse of the light, rather than the system
employed, which is to blame.
One of tne chief requirements for good
illumination, says the Boston Transcript,
is the avoidance of "glare." The light
yielded by a source may be spread over a
relatively large area, as in the case of the
candle flame or the petroleum oil lamp,
or it may be concentrated oer a small
space, rj) In the case of the newer metallic
filament lamps or arc lamps. The dazzling
ff.i t of looking straight at such sources
is due mainly to this concentration of
ligliU Now, as has been pointed out by
many of those Interested In Illumination,
there has within the last few years been
j'reat progress as regards the efficiency of
light production of lllumlnants. But this
has been accomplished only by securing a
corre.-pouding Increase in their brilliancy
Ir. Stockhausen of Mresden. f.r example,
in a recent iiiiitrlhut'ou to the Illuminating
Kngliieerlng society, estimated the In
trinsic brilliancy of a number of modern
JUuuuuaDts and the following figures are
Iiamond C Poetliger of tho First Na
tional bank, and Miss Margaret C. Cobb,
both of W'kes-Barre. Pa . were married
In the canon in which they became ac
quainted. They went with tne Rev. A.
J. Kerr and two wllmsse In the rami
to th spot where they had become en
gaKi; There, standing in one canoe, wlia
the minister and witnesses in ajiotlier,
they were made 0140 and, wlfa.